The combined treatment with orbital and pretarsal botulinum toxin injections in the management of poorly responsive blepharospasm

Neurological Sciences

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 397-400

  Esposito, Marcello ^a   Fasano, A ^b   Crisci, C ^c   Dubbioso, R ^a   Iodice, R ^a   Santoro, Lucio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c Clinic Center   (Italy)

Author keywords

Blepharospasm; Botulinum toxin; Orbital; Pretarsal; Resistant

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLEPHAROSPASM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DYSTONIA; FEMALE; FOCAL DYSTONIA; HEMATOMA; HUMAN; INJECTION SITE; MALE; ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UPPER EYELID;

AGED; BLEPHAROSPASM; BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A; FACIAL MUSCLES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROMUSCULAR AGENTS; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84896704490     PISSN: 15901874     EISSN: 15903478     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1526-2     Document Type: Article

References (10)

1. Defazio G, Livrea P (2004) Primary blepharospasm: diagnosis and management. Drugs. 64:237-244
2. Hallett M, Evinger C, Jankovic J, Stacy M (2008) Update on blepharospasm: report from the BEBRF International Workshop. BEBRF International Workshop. Neurology 71:1275-1282
3. ®) in the management of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: a novel paradigm for a never ending story. Neurol Sci. 33:261-267
4. Gill HS, Kraft SP (2010) Long-term efficacy of botulinum a toxin for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Can J Neurol Sci 37:631-636
5. Aramideh M, Ongerboer de Visser BW, Brans JW, Koelman JH, Speelman JD (1995) Pretarsal application of botulinum toxin for treatment of blepharospasm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59:309-311
6. Jankovic J, Kenney C, Grafe S, Goertelmeyer R, Comes G (2009) Relationship between various clinical outcome assessments in patients with blepharospasm. Mov Disord 15(24):407-413
7. Kenney C, Jankovic J (2008) Botulinum toxin in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. J Neural Transm. 115:585-591
8. Gordon PH, Gooch CL, Greene PE (2002) Extensor digitorum brevis test and resistance to botulinum toxin type A. Muscle Nerve 26:828-831
9. Albanese A, Bentivoglio AR, Colosimo C, Galardi G, Maderna L, Tonali P (1996) Pretarsal injections of botulinum toxin improve blepharospasm in previously unresponsive patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:693-694
10. Cakmur R, Ozturk V, Uzunel F, Donmez B, Idiman F (2002) Comparison of preseptal and pretarsal injections of botulinum toxin in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol 249(1):64-68