Molecular genetics of phosphate solubilization in rhizosphere bacteria and its role in plant growth promotion

Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes for Crop Improvement

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 199-228

  Sindhu, S S ^a   Verma, M K ^a   Mor, Suman ^a  

^a CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896547509     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (182)

1. Abd-Alla, M. H. [1994]. Use of organic phosphorus by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae phosphatases. Biology and Fertility of Soils 18, 216-218.
2. Agasimani, C. A., Mudalagiriyappa, M. V. and Sreenivasa, M. H. [1994]. Response of groundnut to phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Groundnut News 6, 5-7.
3. Agnihotri, V. P. [1970]. Solubilization of insoluble phosphates by some soil fungi isolated from nursery seed beds. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 16, 877-880.
4. Asea, P. E. A., Kucey, R. W. N. and Stewart, J. W. B. [1988]. Inorganic phosphate solubilization by two Penicillium species in solution culture and soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20, 459-464.
5. Babu-khan, S., Yeo, C., Martin, W. L., Duron, M. R., Rogers, R. and Goldstein, A. [1995]. Cloning of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from Pseudomonas cepacia. Applied and Environonmental Microbiology 61, 972-978.
6. Bagyaraj, D. J., Krishanaraj, P. U. and Khanuja, S. P. S. [2000]. Mineral phosphate solubilization: Agronomic implications, mechanism and molecular genetics. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy B66, 69-82.
7. Balyan, S. K., Chandra, R. and Pareek, G. R. [2002]. Enhancing nodulation in Vigna mungo by applying higher quantity of Rhizobium in planting furrows and PSB. Legume Research 25, 160-164.
8. Banger, K. C., Yadav, K. S. and Mishra, M. M. [1985]. Transformation of rock phosphate during composting and the effect of humic acid. Plant and Soil 85, 259-266.
9. Banik, S. and Dey, B. K. [1981]. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate and production of organic acids by microorganisms isolated in sucrose-tricalcium phosphate agar plates. Zentralbl Microbiology 136, 478-486.
10. Banik, S. and Dey, B. K. [1983a]. Alluvial soil microorganisms capable of utilizing insoluble aluminium phosphates as a sole source of phosphorus. Zentralbl Microbiology 138, 437-442.
11. Banik, S. and Dey, B. K. [1983b]. Available phosphate content of an alluvial soil as influenced by inoculation of some isolated phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Plant and Soil 69, 353-364.
12. Banik, S. and Dey, B. K. [1983c]. Phosphate solubilizing potentiality of microorganisms capable of utilizing aluminium phosphate as a sole phosphate source. Zentralbl Microbiology 138, 17-23.
13. Bano, N. and Musarrat, J. [2004]. Characterization of a novel carbofuran degrading Pseudomonas sp. with collateral Biocontrol and plant growth promoting potential. FEMS Microbiology Letters 231, 13-17.
14. Bardiya, M. C. and Gaur, A. C. [1972]. Rock phosphate dissolution by bacteria. Indian Journal of Microbiology 12, 269-271.
15. Barea, J. M., Navarro, E. and Montoya, E. [1976]. Production of plant growth regulators by rhizosphere phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 40, 129-134.
16. Bashan, Y., Moreno, M. and Troyo, E. [2000]. Growth promotion of the sea-water irrigated oil seed halophyte Salicornia bigelovii inoculated with mangrove rhizosphere bacteria and halotolerant Azospirillum spp. Biology and Fertility of Soils 32, 265-272.
17. Baskanova, G. and Macaskie, L. E. [1997]. Microbially-enhanced chemisorption of nickel into biologically-synthesized hydrogen uranyl phosphate: a novel system for the removal and recovery of metals from aqueous solutions. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54, 319-329.
18. Beacham, I. R. [1980]. Periplasmic enzymes in Gram-negative bacteria. International Journal of Biochemistry 10, 877-883.
19. Bieleski, R. L. [1973]. Phosphate pools, phosphate transport and phosphate availability. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 24, 225-252.
20. Bonthrone, K. M., Baskanova, G., Lin, F. and Macaskie, L. E. [1996]. Bioaccumulation of nickel by intercalation into polycrystalline hydrogen uranyl phosphate deposited via an enzymatic mechanism. Natural Biotechnology 14, 635-638.
21. Carrillo, A. E., Li, C. Y. and Bashan, Y. [2002]. Increased acidification in the rhizosphere of cactus seedlings induced by Azospirillum brasilense. Naturewissenschaften 89, 428-432.
22. Cattelan, A. J., Hartel, P. G. and Furhmann, F. F. [1999]. Screening of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to promote early soybean growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, 1670-1680.
23. Chandra, K., Mukherjee, P. K., Karmakar, J. B. and Sharma, B. K. [1995]. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on rhizobial symbiosis in soybean at rainfed conditions of Manipur. Environment and Ecology 13, 436-438.
24. Chen, Y. P., Rekha, P.D., Arun, A. B., Shen, F. D., Lai, W. A. and Young, C. C. [2006]. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tri-calcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology 34, 33-41.
25. Datta, M., Banik, S. and Gupta, R. K. [1982] Studies on efficacy of a phytohormone producing PSB Bacillus firmus in augmenting paddy yield in acid soils of Nagaland. Plant and Soil 69, 365-373.
26. de Freitas, J. R., Banerjee, M. R. and Germida, J. J. [1997]. Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not phosphorus uptake of canola [Brassica napus L.]. Biology and Fertility of Soils 27, 358-364.
27. Deng, S., Elkins J. G., Da, L. H., Botero, L. M. and McDermontt, T. R. [2001]. Cloning and characterization of second acid phosphatase from Sinorhizobium meliloti strain 104A14. Archives of Microbiology 176, 255-263.
28. Deng, S., Summers, M. L., Kahn, M. L. and Mc Dermontt, T.R. [1998]. Cloning and characterization of a Rhizobium meliloti nonspecific acid phosphatase. Archives of Microbiology 170, 18-26.
29. Deubel, A. and Merbach, W. [2005]. Influence of microorganisms on phosphorus bioavailability in soils. In: F. Buscot and A. Varma [Eds.], Microorganisms in Soils:Roles in Genesis and Functions. [pp. 177-191]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
30. Deubel, A., Gransee, A. and Merbach, W. [2000]. Transformation of organic rhizodepositions by rhizosphere bacteria and its influence on the availability of tertiary calcium phosphate. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 163, 387-392.
31. Dey, R., Pal, K. K., Bhatt, D. M. and Chauhan, S. M. [2004]. Growth promotion and yield enhancement of peanut [Arachis hypogaea L.] by application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Microbiological Research 159, 371-394.
32. Dubey, S. K. [1996]. Combined effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas striata on nodulation, yield attributes and yield of rainfed soybean [Glycine max] under different sources of phosphorus in vertisols. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 66, 28-32.
33. Dubey, S. K. [1997]. Coinoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to increase phosphate availability to rainfed soybean on vertisol. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science 45, 506-509.
34. Dubey, S. K. [2001]. Associative effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria in rainfed soybean [Glycine max] grown in vertisols. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 71, 476-479.
35. Dugan, P. and Lundgren, D. G. [1965]. Energy supply for the chemoautotroph Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. Journal of Bacteriology 89, 825- 834.
36. Duine, J.A., Frank, J. and van Zeeland, J. K. [1979]. Glucose dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: a quino protein. FEBS Letters 108, 443-446.
37. Dye, C. [1995]. Effect of citrate and tartrate on phosphate absorption by amorphous ferric hydroxide. Fertility Research 40, 129-134.
38. El Komy, H. M. A. [2005]. Coimmobilization of Azospirillum lipoferum and Bacillus megaterium for successful phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition of wheat plants. Food Technology and Biotechnology 43, 19-27.
39. El Sayed, S. A. M. [1999]. Influence of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on nutrient and yield of lentil in New Valley [Egypt]. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 39, 175-186.
40. Fankem, H., Nwaga, D., Deubel, A., Dieng, L., Merbach, W. and Etoa, F. X. [2006]. Occurrence and functioning of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from oil palm tree [Elaeis guineensis] rhizosphere in Cameroon. African Journal of Biotechnology 5, 2450-2460.
41. Fernandez, L. A., Zalba, P., Gomez, M. A. and Sagardoy, M. A. [2007]. Phosphatesolubilization activity of bacterial strains in soil and their effect on soybean growth under greenhouse conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils 43, 805-809.
42. Fraga, R., Rodriguez, H. and Gonzalez, T. [2001]. Transfer of the gene encoding the NapA acid phosphatase from Morganella marganii to a Burkholderia cepacia strain. Acta Biotechnologica 21, 359-369.
43. Gadagi, R. S. and Tongmin, S. A. [2002]. New isolation method for microorganisms solubilizing iron and aluminium phosphates using dyes. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 48, 615-618.
44. Gaind, S. and Gaur, A. C. [1991]. Thermotolerant phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and their interaction with mungbean. Plant and Soil 133, 141-149.
45. Gaind, S. and Gaur, A. C. [1990]. Influence of temperature on the efficacy of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. Indian Journal of Microbiology 30, 305-310.
46. Galar, M. L. and Bolardi, J. L. [1995]. Evidence for a membrane bound pyrrolquinoline quinine- linked glucose dehydrogenase in Acetobacter diazotrophicus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43, 713-716.
47. Garbaye, J. [1994]. Helper bacteria: a new dimension to the mycorrhizal symbiosis. New Phytology 128, 197-210.
48. Gaur, A. C. [1990]. Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms as Biofertilizer. pp. 176. New Delhi: Omega Scientific Publications.
49. Gaur, A. C., Madan, M. and Ostwal, K. P. [1973]. Solubilization of phosphatic compounds by native microflora of rock phosphates. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, 427-429.
50. Geelhoed, J. S., van Riemsdijk, W. H. and Findenegg, G. R. [1999]. Simulation of the effect of citrate exudation from roots on the plant availability of phosphate adsorbed on goethite. European Journal of Soil Science 50, 379-390.
51. Gerretson, F. C. [1948]. The influence of microorganisms on the phosphate intake by the plants. Plant and Soil 1, 51-81.
52. Ghosh, G. and Poi, S. C. [1990]. Response of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal organisms in legume crops. Environment and Ecology 16, 607-610.
53. Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. [1996]. Plant cell responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: getting to the roots of the symbiosis. The Plant Cell 8, 1871-1883.
54. Glick, B. R. [1995]. The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, 145-148.
55. Goel, A. K., Sindhu, S. S. and Dadarwal, K. R. [2002]. Stimulation of nodulation and plant growth of chickpea [Cicer arietinum L.] by Pseudomonas spp. antagonistic to fungal pathogens. Biology and Fertility of Soils 36, 391-396.
56. Goldstein, A. H. [1986]. Bacterial solubilization of microbial phosphates: Historical perspective and future prospects. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, 51-57.
57. Goldstein, A. H. [1995]. Recent progress in understanding the molecular genetics and biochemistry of calcium phosphate solubilization by Gram-negative bacteria. Biology of Agriculture and Horticulture 12, 185-193.
58. Goldstein, A. H. [1996]. Involvement of the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in the solubilization of exogenous phosphates by Gram-negative bacteria. In: Toriani-Gorini, A., Yagil, E. and Silver, S. [Eds.], Phosphate in microorganisms: Cellular and Molecular Biology. [pp. 197-203]. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
59. Goldstein, A. H. [2007]. Future trends in research on microbial phosphate solubilization: one hundred years of insolubility. In: Velazquez, E. and Roderguez-Barrueco, C. [Eds.]. Proceedings of First International Meeting on Microbial Phosphate Solubilization. [pp. 91-96]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
60. Goldstein, A. H. and Liu, S. T. [1987]. Molecular cloning and regulation of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from Erwinia herbicola. Biotechnology 5, 72-74.
61. Goldstein, A. H., Rogers, R. D. and Mead, G. [1993]. Separating phosphate from ores via bioprocessing. Biotechnology 11, 1250-1254.
62. Golovan, S., Wang, G., Zhang, J. and Forsberg, C. W. [2000]. Characterization and overproduction of the Escherichia coli appA encoded bifunctional enzyme that exhibits both phytase and acid phosphatase activities. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, 59-71.
63. Grimes, H. D. and Mount, M. S. [1984]. Influence of Pseudomonas putida on nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 16, 27-30.
64. Gupta, R., Singal, R., Shankar, A., Kuhad, R. C. and Saxena, R. K. [1994]. Modified plate assay for screening of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 40, 255-260.
65. Gyaneshwar, P., Naresh, K. G., Parekh, L. J. and Poole, P. S. [2002]. Role of soil microorganisms in improving P nutrition of plants. Plant and Soil 245, 83-93.
66. Halder, A. K., Mishra, A. K. and Chakrabarty, P. K. [1991]. Solubilizing of inorganic phosphates by Bradyrhizobium. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 29, 28-31.
67. Halvorson, H. O., Kenyan, A. and Korenberg, H. L. [1990]. Utilization of calcium phosphates for microbial growth at alkaline pH. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 22, 887-890.
68. Han, Y., Wilson, D. B. and Lei, X. G. [1999]. Expression of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene [phyA] in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 1915-1918.
69. Harrison, M. J. [2005]. Signaling in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annual Review of Microbiology 59, 19-42.
70. Hasan, R. [1994]. Phosphorus fertility status of soils in India. Phosphorus research in India. In: Dev, G. [Ed.], Proc. of Group Discussion, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. [pp. 8-12]. Gurgaon: Principal Publications.
71. Hebbara, M. and Suseeladevi, L. [1990]. Effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria [PSB] on phosphorus availability to groundnut from rock phosphate. Current Research 19, 56-57.
72. Henri, F., Laurette, N. N., Annette, D., John Q., Wolfgang, M, François-Xavier, E and Dieudonné, N. [2008] Solubilization of inorganic phosphates and plant growth promotion by strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from acidic soils of Cameroon. African Journal of Microbiology Research 2, 171-178.
73. Holford, I. C. R. [1997]. Soil phosphorus: its measurement and its uptake by plants. Australian Journal of Soil Research 35, 227-239.
74. Huelett, F. M., Sun, G. and Liu, W. [2007]. The Pho regulon of Bacillus subtilis is regulated by sequential action of two genetic switches. In: Toriani-Gorini, A., Yagil, E. and Silver, S. [Eds.], Phosphate in microorganisms: Cellular and Molecular Biology. [pp. 50-54]. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
75. Idriss, E. E., Makarewicz, O., Farouk, A., Rosner, K., Greiner, R., Bochow, H., Richter, T. and Borris, R. [2002]. Extracellular phytase activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB45 contributes to its plant growth promoting effects. Microbiology 148, 2097-2109.
76. Igual, J. M., Valverde, A., Ceravantes, E. and Velazquez, E. [2001]. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria as inoculants for agriculture: use of updated molecular techniques in their study. Agronomie 21, 561-568.
77. Illmer, P. and Schinner, F. [1992]. Solubilization of inorganic phosphates by microorganisms isolated from forest soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24, 389-395.
78. Illmer, P. and Schinner, F. [1995]. Solubilization of inorganic calcium phosphates:solubilization mechanisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 27, 257-263.
79. Illmer, P., Babato, A. and Schinner, F. [1995]. Solubilization of hardly soluble aluminium phosphate with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 27, 265-270.
80. Jain, L. K. and Singh, P. [2003]. Growth and nutrient uptake of chickpea [Cicer arietinum L.] as influenced by biofertilizers and phosphorus nutrition. Crop Research 25, 410-413.
81. Jisha, M. S. and Alagawadi, A. R. [1996]. Nutrient uptake and yield of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench] inoculated with phosphate solubilizing bacteria and cellulolytic fungus in cotton stalk amended vertisol. Microbiological Research 151, 1-5.
82. Jisha, M. S. [1997]. Optimization of factors for efficient solubilization of mineral phosphates. Ph. D. thesis, PG School, IARI, New Delhi.
83. Juriank, J. J., Dudley, L. M., Allen, M. F. and Knight, W. G. [1986]. The role of calcium oxalate in the availability of phosphorus in soils of semiarid regions: thermodynamic study. Soil Science 142, 255-261.
84. Katznelson, H. and Bose, B. [1959]. Metabolic activity and phosphate dissolving activity of bacterial isolates from wheat roots, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 5, 79-85.
85. Kerovuo, J., Lauracus, M., Nurminen, P., Kalkinen, N. and Apajalahti, J. [1998]. Isolation, characterization, molecular gene cloning and sequencing of a novel phytase from Bacillus subtilis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 2079-2085.
86. Khan, M. S., Zaidi, A. and Wani, P. A. [2007]. Role of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture-A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 27, 29-43.
87. Kim, K. Y., Jordan, D. and Krishnan, H. B. [1998b]. Expression of genes from Rahnella aquatilis that are necessary for mineral phosphate solubilization in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiology Letters 159, 121-127.
88. Kim, K. Y., Jordan, D. and McDonald, G. A. [1998c]. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on tomato growth and soil microbial activity. Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, 79-87.
89. Kim, K. Y., McDonald, G. A. and Jordan, D. [1997]. Solubilization of hydroxyapatite by Enterobacter agglomerans and cloned Escherichia coli in culture medium. Biology and Fertility of Soils 24, 347-352.
90. Kim, K.Y., Jordan, D. and McDonald, G.A. [1998a]. Enterobacter agglomerans, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and microbial diversity in soil: Effect of carbon sources. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, 995-1003.
91. Kim, Y. O., Lee, J. K, Kim, H. K., Yu, J. H. and Oh, T. K. [1998d]. Cloning of thermostable phytase gene [phy] from Bacillus sp. DS11 and its overexpression in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiology Letters 162, 185-191.
92. Kirk, J. L., Beaudette, L. A., Hart, M., Moutoglis, P., Klironomus, J. N., Lee, H. and Trevors, J. T. [2004]. Methods of studying soil microbial diversity. Journal of Microbiological Methods 58, 169-188.
93. Kole, S. C. and Hazra, J. N. [1998]. Occurrence and acidity of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in mechanical compost plants of Calcutta and an alluvial soil of West Bengal. Environment and Ecology 16, 344-349.
94. Krishanaraj, P. U. and Goldstein, A. H. [2001]. Cloning of a Serratia marcescens DNA fragment that induces quino-protein glucose dehydrogenase-mediated gluconic acid production in Escherichia coli in the presence of Serratia marcescens. FEMS Microbiology Letters 205, 215-220.
95. Krishanaraj, P. U. [1987]. Studies on beneficial microorganisms in crop plants. M. Sc. thesis, UAS, Bangalore.
96. Krishanaraj, P. U. [1996]. Genetic characterization of mineral phosphate solubilization in Pseudomonas sp. Ph. D. thesis, IARI, New Delhi.
97. Krishanaraj, P. U., Sadasivam, K. V. and Khanuja, P. S. [1999]. Mineral phosphate solubilization defective mutants of Pseudomonas sp. express pleiotropic phenotypes. Current Science 76, 1032-1034.
98. Kucey, R. M. N. [1987]. Increased phosphorus uptake by wheat and field beans inoculated with a phosphorus solubilizing Penicillium bilaji strain and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 2699-2703.
99. Kucey, R. M. N. [1988]. Effect of Penicillium bilaji on the solubility and uptake of P and micronutrients from soil by wheat. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, 261-270.
100. Kucey, R. M. N., Janzen, H. H. and Legett, M. E. [1989]. Microbially mediated increases in plant-available phosphorus. Advances in Agronomy 42, 198-228.
101. Kumrawat, B., Dighe, J. M., Sharma, R. A. and Katti, G. V. [1997]. Response of soybean to biofertilizer in black clay soils. Crop Research 14, 209-214.
102. Kundu, B. S. and Gaur, A. C. [1980a]. Effects of phosphobacteria on yield and phosphate uptake by potato crop. Current Science 48, 159.
103. Kundu, B.S. and Gaur, A.C. [1980b]. Establishment of nitrogen and phosphate solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake of wheat crop. Plant and Soil 57, 223-230.
104. Kundu, B. S. and Gaur, A. C. [1980c]. Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms as single and composite inoculants on cotton. Indian Journal of Microbiology 20, 225-229.
105. Kundu, B. S. and Gaur, A. C. [1982]. Yield increase of wheat after inoculation with A. chroococcum and phosphobacteria. Current Science 51, 291-293.
106. Kundu, B. S. and Gaur, A. C. [1984]. Rice response to inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria and PSM. Plant and Soil 78, 227-234.
107. Larsen, S. [1967]. Soil phosphorus. Advances in Agronomy 19, 151-210.
108. Lei, X. G., Ku, P. K., Miller, E. R., Yokoyama, M. T. and Ullrey, D. E. [1993]. Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase maximizes phytate P utilization by winling pigs. Journal of Animal Sciences 71, 3368-3375.
109. Lifschitz, R. Kloepper, J. W., Kozlowski, M., Simonson, C., Carlson, J., Tipling, E. M. and Zaleska, T. [1987]. Growth promotion of canola [rape seed] seedlings by a strain of Pseudomonas putida under gnotobiotic conditions. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, 390-395.
110. Liu, S. T., Lee, L. Y., Jai, C. Y., Hung, C. H., Chang, Y. S., Wolfram, J. H., Rogers, B. and Goldstein, A. H. [1992]. Cloning of an Erwinia herbicola gene necessary for gluconic acid production and enhanced mineral phosphate solubilization in E. coli HB101:Nucleotide sequence and probable involvement in biosynthesis of the co-enzyme pyrrolquinoline quinine. Journal of Bacteriology 174, 5814-5819.
111. Lopez-Bucio, J., de la Vega, O. M., Guevara-Garcia, A. and Herreera-Estrella, I. [2000]. Enhanced phosphate uptake in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce citrate. Natural Biotechnology 18, 450-453.
112. Lorenzo, V., Herrero, M., Jakubjik, U. and Timmis, K. N. [1990]. Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives for transposon mutagenesis, promoter probing and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in Gram-negative eubacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 6568-6572.
113. Lugtenberg, B. J. J., de Weger, L. A. and Bennett, J. W. [1991]. Microbial stimulation of plant growth and protection from disease. Current Opinion in Microbiology 2, 457-464.
114. Macaskie, L. E., Young, P., Doyle, T. C., Roig, M. G., Diaz, M. and Monzano, T. [1997]. Bioremediation of uranium-bearing waste water: biochemical and chemical factors affecting bioprocess application. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53, 100-109.
115. Maheshkumar, K. S. [1997]. Studies on microbial diversity and their activity in soil under bamboo plantations. M. Sc. thesis, UAS, Dharwad.
116. Maheshkumar, K. S.; Krishanraj, P. U. and Alagawadi, A. R. [1999]. Mineral phosphate solubilizing activity of Acetobacter diazotrophicus: a bacterium associated with sugarcane. Current Science 76, 874-875.
117. Makino, K., Amemura, M., Kim, S. K., Nakata, A. and Shinagawa, H. [2007]. Mechanism of transcriptional activation of the phosphate regulon in Eschericia coli. In: Toriani-Gorini, A., Yagil, E. and Silver, S. [Eds.], Phosphate in microorganisms: Cellular and Molecular Biology. [pp. 5-12]. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
118. Mehta, S. and Nautiyal, S. C. [2001]. An efficient method for qualitative screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Current Microbiology 43, 51-56.
119. Mishra, M. M., Kapoor, K. K. and Yadav, K. S. [1982]. Effect of compost enriched with Mussorie rock phosphate on crop yield. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 52, 674-678.
120. Monod, S. P. I., Gupta, D. N. and Chavan, A. S. [1989]. Enhancement of phosphate availability and phosphorus uptake in rice by phosphate solubilizing culture. Journal of Maharastra Agricultural University 14, 178-181.
121. Mortensen, J. L. [1963]. Complexing of metals by soil organic matter. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 27, 179-186.
122. Naik, P. R., Raman, G., Narayanan, K. B. and Sakthivel, N. [2008]. Assessment of genetic and functional diversity of phosphate solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizospheric soil. BMC Microbiology 8, 230-243.
123. Nautiyal, C. S. [1990]. An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters 170, 265-270.
124. Ocampo, J. A., Barea, J. M. and Montoyar, E. [1975]. Interference between Azotobacter and phosphobacteria and their establishment in the rhizosphere as affected by soil fertility. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21, 1160-1165.
125. Ogawa, N., Hayashi, N., Salto, H., Noguchi, K., Yamashita, Y. and Oshima, Y. [2007]. Regulatory circuit for phosphatase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: specific cis-acting sites in Pho promoters for binding the Pho4p. In: Toriani-Gorini, A., Yagil, E. and Silver, S. [Eds.], Phosphate in microorganisms: Cellular and Molecular Biology. [pp. 56-62]. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
126. Ostwal, K. P. and Bhide, V. P. [1972]. Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate by soil Pseudomonas. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 10, 153-154.
127. Otani, T., Ae, N. and Tanaka, H. [1996]. Phosphorus [P] uptake mechanisms of crops grown in soils with low P status: II. Significance of organic acids in root exudates of pigeonpea. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 42, 553-560.
128. Parks, E. J., Olson, G. J., Brickman, P. E. and Baldi, F. [1990]. Characterization of high performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] of the solubilization of phosphorus in iron ore by a fungus. Indian Journal of Microbiology 5, 183-190.
129. Prabhakar, M. and Saraf, C. S. [1990]. Dry matter accumulation and distribution in chickpea as influenced by genotype, P source and irrigation level. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60, 204-206.
130. Puente, M. E., Bashan, Y., Li, C. Y. and Lebsky, V. K. [2004]. Microbial populations and activities in the rhizoplane of rock-weathering desert plants. Root colonization and weathering of igneous rocks. Plant Biology 6, 629-642.
131. Rachewad, S. N., Raut, R. S., Malewar, G. U. and Ganure, C. K. [1992]. Effects of phosphate solubilizing biofertilizer on biomass production and uptake of phosphorus by sunflower. J. Maharastra Agric. Univ. 17, 480-481.
132. Rajarathinam, K., Balamurugan, T., Kulasekarapandian, R., Veersami, S. and Jayabalan, M. [1995]. Isolation and screening of phosphate solubilizers from soil of Kamarajar district [Tamil Nadu]. Journal of Exotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring 5, 155-157.
133. Rashid, M., Khalil, S., Ayub, N., Alam, S. and Latif, M. [2004]. Organic acids production and phosphate solubilization by phosphate solubilizing microorganisms [PSM] under in vitro conditions. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, 187-196.
134. Reilly, T. J., Baron, G. S., Nano, F. and Kuhlenschmidt, M. S. [1996]. Characterization and sequence of a respiratory burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase from Francisella tularensis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 10973-10983.
135. Reyes, I., Baziramakenga, R., Bernier, L. and Antoun, H. [2001]. Solubilization of phosphate rocks and minerals by a wild-type strain and two UV- induced mutants of Penicillium rugulosum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33, 1741-1747.
136. Reyes, I., Bernier, L., Simard, R. R., Tanguay, P. and Antoun, H. [1999]. Characteristics of phosphate solubilization by an isolate of a tropical Penicillium rugulosum and two UVinduced mutants. FEMS Microbiology and Ecology 28, 291-295.
137. Richardson, A. E. [2001]. Prospects for using soil microorganisms to improve the acquisition of phosphorus by plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28, 897-906.
138. Richardson, A. E. [1994]. Soil microorganisms and phosphorus availability. In: Pankhurst, C. E., Doube, B. M. and Gupta, V. V. S. R. [Eds.], Soil Biota: Management in Sustainable Farming Systems. [pp. 50-62]. Victoria, Australia: CSIRO.
139. Richardson, A. E., Hadobas, P. A. and Hayes, J. E. [2001a]. Extracellular secretion of Aspergillus phytase from Arabidopsis roots enables plants to obtain phosphorus from phytate. Plant Journal 25, 641-649.
140. Richardson, A. E., Hadobas, P. A., Hayes, J. E., O’Hara, C. P. and Simpson, R. J. [2001b]. Utilization of phosphorus by pasteur plants supplied with meso-inositol hexaphosphate is enhanced by the presence of soil microorganisms. Plant and Soil 229, 47-56.
141. Rodriguez, E., Han, Y. and Lei, X. G. [1999]. Cloning, sequencing and expression of an Escherichia coli acid phosphatase/phytase gene [appA2] isolated from pig colon. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 257, 117-123.
142. Rodriguez, H. and Fraga, R. [1999]. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnological Advances 17, 319-339.
143. Rodriguez, H., Fraga, R., Gonzalez, T. and Bashan, Y. [2006]. Genetics of phosphate solubilization and its potential applications for improving plant growth promoting bacteria. Plant and Soil 287, 15-21.
144. Rodriguez, H., Gonzalez, T. and Selman, G. [2000b]. Expression of a mineral phosphate solubilizing gene from Erwinia herbicola in two rhizobacterial strains. Journal of Biotechnology 84, 155-161.
145. Rodriguez, H., Gonzalez, T., Goire, I. and Bashan, Y. [2004]. Gluconic acid production and phosphate solubilization by the plant growth promoting bacterium Azospirillum spp. Naturwissenschaften 91, 552-555.
146. Rodriguez, H., Rossolini, G. M., Gonzalez, T., Jiping, L. and Glick, B. R. [2000a]. Isolation of a gene from Burkholderia cepacia IS-16 encoding a protein that facilitates phosphatase activity. Current Microbiology 40, 362-366.
147. Rossolini, G. M., Schippa, S., Riccio, M. L., Berlutti, F., Macaskie, L. E. and Thallar M. C. [1998]. Bacterial non-specific acid phosphatases: physiology, evolution and use as tools in microbial biotechnology. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 54, 833-850.
148. Roychaudhary, P. and Kaushik, B. D. [1989]. Solubilization of Mussoorie rock phosphate by cyanobacteria. Current Science 58, 569-570.
149. Ryan, P. R., Delhaise, E. and Jones, D. L. [2001]. Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 52, 527-560.
150. Santhi, V. [1998]. Mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization and growth promotion by diverse bacteria. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
151. Saraf, C. S., Shivkumar, B. G. and Patil, R. R. [1997]. Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and seed inoculation on performance of chickpea [Cicer arietinum]. Indian Journal of Agronomy 42, 323-328.
152. Sarawgi, S. K., Tiwari, P. K. and Tripathi, R. S. [2000]. Growth, nodulation and yield of chickpea as influenced by phosphorus, bacterial culture and micronutrients under rain-fed conditions. Madras Agriculture Journal 86, 181-185.
153. Sarawgi, S. K., Tiwari, P. K. and Tripathi, R. S. [1999]. Uptake and balance sheet of nitrogen and phosphorus in gram [Cicer arietinum] as influenced by phosphorus biofertilizers and micronutrients under rain-fed conditions. Indian Journal of Agronomy 44, 768-772.
154. Sharma, S. N. [2003]. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the efficacy of Mussoorie rock phosphate in rice [Oryza sativa] - wheat [Triticum aestivum] cropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 73, 478-481.
155. Sheshardri, S., Kumaraswamy, R., Lakshminarasimhan, C. and Ignacimuthu, S. [2000]. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate by Azospirillum halopraeferans. Current Science 79, 565-567.
156. Singh, C. P., Mishra, M. M. and Yadav, K. S. [1980]. Solubilization of insoluble phosphates by thermophilic fungi. Annals of Microbiology [Inst. Pasteur] 131, 289-296.
157. Singh, H. P., Pareek, R. P. and Singh, P. A. [1984]. Solubilization of rock phosphate by phosphate solubilizers in broth. Current Science 53, 1212-1213.
158. Singh, S. and Kapoor, K. K. [1994]. Solubilization of insoluble phosphate by microorganisms isolated from different sources. Environment and Ecology 12, 51-55.
159. Sonboir, H. L. and Sarawgi, S. K. [2000]. Nutrients uptake, growth and yield of chickpea as influenced by phosphorus, Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Madras Agriculture Journal 87, 149-151.
160. Sperber, J. I. [1958]. Solution of apatite by soil microorganisms producing organic acids. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 778-781.
161. Srivastava, T. K., Ahalwat, L. P. S. and Panwar, J. D. S. [1998]. Effect of phosphorus, molybdenum and biofertilizers on productivity of pea. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 3, 237-239.
162. Stalstorm, V.A. [1903]. Beitrag, Zur Kenntrusder einwinsking sterilizer and in garung befindlieher strife any dil Loslishkerd der phosphorus are destrical cum phosphorus. Zentralbl Bakteriol Abt 11, 724-732.
163. Surange, S. and Kumar, N. [1993]. Phosphate solubilization under varying pH by Rhizobium from tree legumes. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 31, 427-429.
164. Taha, S. M., Mahamood, S. A. Z., Halim, E. I., Damaty, A. and Hafez, A. M. [1969]. Activity of phosphate dissolving bacteria in Egyptian soils. Plant and Soil 31, 149-160.
165. Tanwar, S. P. S., Sharma, G. L and Chahar, M. S. [2002]. Effect of phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth and productivity of black gram. Annual Agricultural Research 23, 491-493.
166. Thakkar, J., Narsian, V. and Patel, H. H. [1993]. Inorganic phosphate solubilization by certain soil bacteria: solubilization of natural rock phosphates and pure insoluble inorganic phosphate by Aspergillus awamorii. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 31, 743-747.
167. Thallar, M. C., Berlutti, F., Schippa, S., Lombardi, G. and Rossolini, G. M. [1994]. Characterization and sequence of PhoC, the principal phosphatase-irrepressible acid phosphatase of Morganella morganii. Microbiology 140, 1341-1350.
168. Thallar, M. C., Berlutti, F., Schippa, S., Lori, P. Passariello, C. and Rossolini, G. M. [1995a]. Heterogenous patterns of acid phosphatases containing low molecular mass polypeptides in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 4, 255-261.
169. Thallar, M. C., Lombardi, G., Berlutti, F., Schippa, S. and Rossolini, G.M. [1995b]. Cloning and characterization of the NapA acid phosphatase/phosphotransferase of Morganella morganii. Identification of a new family of bacterial acid phosphatase encoding genes. Microbiology 140, 147-151.
170. Tilak, K. V. B. R., Saxena, A. K. and Sadasivan, K. V. [1995]. Synergistic effects of phosphate solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas striata and arbuscular mycorrhizae on soybean. In: Sujan Singh and Adholya, A. [Eds.], Mycorrhizae: Biofertilizers for the Future. [pp. 224-226]. New Delhi: Tata Energy Research Institute.
171. Tomar, M. [2005]. Biodiversity of mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria from chickpea, mustard and wheat rhizosphere. Ph. D. thesis submitted to CCS HAU, Hisar.
172. Toro, M., Azcon, R. and Barea, J. M. [1997]. Improvement of arbuscular mycorrhiza development by inoculation of soil with phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria to improve rock phosphate bioavailability [32P] and nutrient cycling. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 4408-4412.
173. Torsvik, V., Salte, K., Soerheim, R. and Goksoyr, J. [1990]. Comparison of phenotypic diversity and DNA heterogeneity in a population of soil bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 776-781.
174. Tye, A. J., Siu, F. K., Leung, T. Y. and Lim, B. L. [2002]. Molecular cloning and the biochemical characterization of two novel phytases from Bacillus subtilis 168 and Bacillus licheniformis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 190-197.
175. van Schie, B. J., Hellingwerf, K. E., Vandijkan, J. P., Elferink, M. G. L., Van Diji, J. M., Kuenen, J. G. and Konigns, N. [1985]. Energy transduction by electron transfer via a pyrroquinoline quinine dependent glucose dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticum [var. Lowoffi]. Journal of Bacteriology 163, 493-499.
176. Varsha-Narsian and Patel, H. H. [1995]. Inorganic phosphate solubilization by some yeast. Indian Journal of Microbiology 35, 127-132.
177. Varsha-Narsian, Thakkar, J. and Patel, H. H. [1994]. Isolation and screening of phosphate solubilizing fungi. Indian Journal of Microbiology 34, 113-118.
178. Venkateswarlu, B., Rao, A. V. and Raina, P. [1984]. Evaluation of phosphorus solubilization by microorganisms isolated from arid soils. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science 32, 273-277.
179. Wall, D. H. and Virginia, R. A. [1999]. Control of soil biodiversity- in sight from extreme environments. Applied Soil Ecology 13, 137-150.
180. Wanner, B. L. [1996]. Phosphorus assimilation and control of the phosphate regulon. In:Niedhardt, F. C., Curtis, R. III, Ingraham, J. L., Lin, E. C., Low, K. B., Magasanik, B., Reznikoff, W. S., Riley, M., Schaechter, M. and Umbarger, H. E. [Eds.], Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology. [2nd Edition, pp. 1357-1381]. Washington, DC: IASM Press.
181. Yadav, K. S. and Dadarwal, K. R. [1997]. Phosphate solubilization and mobilization through soil microorganisms. In: Dadarwal, K. R. [Ed.], Biotechnological approaches in soil microorganisms for sustainable crop production. [pp. 293-308]. Jodhpur, India:Scientific Publishers.
182. Yadav, B. N., Singh, D. and Singh, S. M. [2004]. Performance of barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] varieties under varying fertilizer levels and microbial inoculation. Agricultural Science Digest 24, 148-150.