Patchiness in resource distribution mitigates habitat loss: Insights from high-shore grazers

Ecosphere

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2011, Pages

  Skov, Martin W ^a,b   Hawkins, Stephen J ^a,c   Volkelt Igoe, Megan ^a   Pike, James ^d   Thompson, Richard C ^d   Doncaster, C Patrick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c THE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Extinction threshold; Food refuge interaction; Fragmented landscape; Habitat fragmentation; Minimum viable metapopulation; Resource dispersion

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896546757     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21508925     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/ES11-00017.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson, R. M., and R. M. May. 1991. Infectious diseases of humans. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
2. Bell, E. C, and J. M. Gosline. 1997. Strategies for life in flow: tenacity, morphometry, and probability of dislodgment of two Mytilus species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 159:197-208. (Pubitemid 28034837)
3. Berryman, A. A. 1992. The origins and evolution of predator-prey theory. Ecology 73:1530-1535. (Pubitemid 23397216)
4. Bertness, M. D., S. D. Garrity and S. C. Levings. 1981. Predation pressure and gastropod foraging: a tropical-temperate comparison. Evolution 35:995-1007.
5. Bianchi, F. J. J. A., C. J. H. Booij, and T Tscharntke. 2006. Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes: a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273:1715-1727. (Pubitemid 46931027)
6. Brooks, T M., R. A. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J. F. Lamoreux, C. G. Mittermeier, J. D. Pilgrim, and A. S. L. Rodrigues. 2006. Global biodiversity conservation priorities. Science 313:58-61. (Pubitemid 44051249)
7. Bulman, C. R., R. J. Wilson, A. R. Holt, L. G. Bravo, R. I. Early, M. S. Warren, and C. D. Thomas. 2007. Minimum viable metapopulation size, extinction debt, and the conservation of a declining species. Ecological Applications 17:1460-1473. (Pubitemid 351323530)
8. Cannicci, S., M. Gomeia, B. Boddia, and M. Vannini. 2002. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: opportunistic browser or selective feeder? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 54:983-1001. (Pubitemid 36374526)
9. Doncaster, C. P. 2001. Healthy wrinkles for population dynamics: unevenly spread resources can support more users. Journal of Animal Ecology 70:91-100. (Pubitemid 32232366)
10. Doncaster, C. P., and A. J. H. Davey 2007. Analysis of variance and covariance: how to choose and construct models for the life sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
11. Drechsler, M., K. Frank, R. B. O'Hara, and C. Wissel. 2003. Ranking metapopulation extinction risk: From patterns in data to conservation management decisions. Ecological Applications 13:990-998. (Pubitemid 37546301)
12. Ellner, S. P., E. McCauley, B. E. Kendall, C. J. Briggs, P. R. Hosseini, S. N. Wood, A. Janssen, M. W. Sabelis, P. Turchin, R. M. Nisbet, and W. W. Murdoch. 2001. Habitat structure and population persistence in an experimental community. Nature 412:538-543. (Pubitemid 32743831)
13. Etienne, R. S. 2004. On optimal choices in increase of patch area and reduction of interpatch distance for metapopulation persistence. Ecological Modelling 179:77-90. (Pubitemid 39027292)
14. Ewers, R. M., and R. K. Didham. 2006. Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation. Biological Reviews 81:117-142. (Pubitemid 43209223)
15. Fahrig, L. 2001. How much habitat is enough? Biological Conservation 100:65-74. (Pubitemid 32602333)
16. Fahrig, L. 2002. Effect of habitat fragmentation on the extinction threshold: a synthesis. Ecological Applications 12:346-353. (Pubitemid 36516660)
17. Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 34:487-515. (Pubitemid 38171428)
18. Fletcher, W. J., and A. J. Underwood. 1987. Interspecific competition among subtidal limpets: effects of substratum heterogeneity. Ecology 68:387-400.
19. Fransen, B., H. de Kroon, and F. Berendse. 2001. Soil nutrient heterogeneity alters competition between two perennial grass species. Ecology 82:2534-2546. (Pubitemid 32908147)
20. Hanski, I. 2000. Extinction debt and species credit in boreal forests: modelling the consequences of different approaches to biodiversity conservation. Annales Zoologici Fennici 37:271-280. (Pubitemid 32106364)
21. Hanski, I., A. Moilanen, and M. Gyllenberg. 1996. Minimum viable metapopulation size. American Naturalist 147:527-541.
22. Hastings, A., J. E. Byers, J. A. Crooks, K. Cuddington, C. G. Jones, J. G. Lambrinos, T. S. Talley, and W. G. Wilson. 2007. Ecosystem engineering in space and time. Ecology Letters 10:153-164. (Pubitemid 46161115)
23. Hill, M. F., and H. Caswell. 1999. Habitat fragmentation and extinction thresholds on fractal landscapes. Ecology Letters 2:121-127. (Pubitemid 29291797)
24. Holland, J. D., D. G. Bert, and L. Fahrig. 2004. Determining the spatial scale of species' responses to habitat. Bioscience 54:227-233. (Pubitemid 38319306)
25. Jackson, A. C., R. J. Murphy, and A. J. Underwood. 2009. Patiriella exigua: grazing by a starfish in an overgrazed intertidal system. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 376:153-163.
26. Johnson, M. P., N. J. Frost, M. W. J. Mosley, M. F. Roberts, and S. J. Hawkins. 2003. The areaindependent effects of habitat complexity on biodiversity vary between regions. Ecology Letters 6:126-132. (Pubitemid 36463401)
27. Johnson, M. P., R. N. Hughes, M. T. Burrows, and S. J. Hawkins. 1998. Beyond the predation halo: small scale gradients in barnacle populations affected by the relative refuge value of crevices. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 231:163-170. (Pubitemid 29028996)
28. Jones, K. M. M., and E. G. Boulding. 1999. Statedependent habitat selection by an intertidal snail: the costs of selecting a physically stressful microhabitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 242:149-177. (Pubitemid 29463037)
29. Lande, R. 1987. Extinction thresholds in demographic models of territorial populations. American Naturalist 130:624-635.
30. MacArthur, R., and J. W. MacArthur. 1961. On bird species-diversity. Ecology 42:594-598.
31. Murdoch, W. W. 1977. Stabilizing effects of spatial heterogeneity in predator-prey systems. Theoretical Population Biology 11:252-273.
32. Murphy, R. J., A. J. Underwood, and M. H. Pinkerton. 2006. Quantitative imaging to measure photosynthetic biomass on an intertidal rock-platform. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 312:44-55.
33. Nee, S. 1994. How populations persist. Nature 367:123-124.
34. Newell, R. C., and B. L. Bayne. 1973. A review on temperature and metabolic acclimation in intertidal marine invertebrates. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 7:421-433.
35. Nicol, S. C., and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Should metapopulation restoration strategies increase patch area or number of patches? Ecological Applications 20:566-581.
36. Norton, T. A., S. J. Hawkins, N. L. Manley, G. A. Williams, and D. C. Watson. 1990. Scraping a living: a review of Littorinid grazing. Hydrobiologia 193:117-138.
37. Pardo, L. M., and L. E. Johnson. 2006. Influence of water motion and reproductive attributes on movement and shelter use in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 315:177-186. (Pubitemid 44073859)
38. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1971. Paradox of enrichment: destabilization of exploitation ecosystems in ecological time. Science 171:385-387.
39. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
40. Ryall, K. L., and L. Fahrig. 2006. Response of predators to loss and fragmentation of prey habitat: a review of theory. Ecology 87:1086-1093.
41. Skov, M. W., M. Volkelt-Igoe, S. J. Hawkins, B. Jesus, R. C. Thompson, and C. P. Doncaster. 2010. Past and present grazing boosts the photo-autotrophic biomass of biofilms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:101-111.
42. Stafford, R., and M. S. Davies. 2005. Spatial patchiness of epilithic biofilm caused by refuge-inhabiting high shore gastropods. Hydrobiologia 545:279-287. (Pubitemid 40924541)
43. Stephens, D. W., and J. R. Krebs. 1986. Foraging theory. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
44. Thompson, R. C., T. A. Norton, and S. J. Hawkins. 2004. Physical stress and biological control regulate the producer-consumer balance in intertidal biofilms. Ecology 85:1372-1382. (Pubitemid 39188091)
45. Thompson, R. C., M. L. Tobin, S. J. Hawkins, and T. A. Norton. 1999. Problems in extraction and spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll from epilithic microbial biofilms: towards a standard method. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 79:551-558. (Pubitemid 29324101)
46. Tilman, D., R. M. May, C. L. Lehman, and M. A. Novak. 1994. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 371:65-66. (Pubitemid 24277463)
47. Underwood, A. J., and R. J. Murphy. 2008. Unexpected patterns of facilitatory grazing revealed by quantitative imaging. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358:85-94. (Pubitemid 351723927)
48. Wiens, J. A. 1989. Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology 3:385-397. (Pubitemid 20429793)
49. With, K. A. and A. W. King. 1999. Extinction thresholds for species in fractal landscapes. Conservation Biology 13:314-326. (Pubitemid 29170795)