Gender bias in child care and child health: Global patterns

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 99, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 369-374

  Khera, Rohan ^a   Jain, Snigdha ^a   Lodha, Rakesh ^b   Ramakrishnan, Sivasubramanian ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD HEALTH CARE; CHILD NEGLECT; COMMUNITY CARE; EMERGENCY CARE; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GENDER BIAS; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX RATIO; SEXISM;

GENERAL PAEDIATRICS; HEALTH SERVICE;

ASIA; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CHILD HEALTH SERVICES; CHILD MORTALITY; CHILD WELFARE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHINA; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; SEX FACTORS; SEX RATIO; SEXISM;

EID: 84896492323     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303889     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Kent JA, Patel V, Varela NA. Gender disparities in health care. Mt Sinai J Med 2012;79:555-9.
2. Gomez D, Haas B, de Mestral C, et al. Gender-associated differences in access to trauma center care: a population-based analysis. Surgery 2012;152:179-85.
3. Couchoud C, Bayat S, Villar E, et al. A new approach for measuring gender disparity in access to renal transplantation waiting lists. Transplantation 2012;94:513-19.
4. Vimalananda VG, Miller DR, Palnati M, et al. Gender disparities in lipid-lowering therapy among veterans with diabetes. Womens Health Issues 2011;21:S176-81.
5. Saunders-Pullman R, Wang C, Stanley K, et al. Diagnosis and referral delay in women with Parkinson's disease. Gend Med 2011;8:209-17.
6. Jette N, Quan H, Faris P, et al. Health resource use in epilepsy: significant disparities by age, gender, and aboriginal status. Epilepsia 2008;49:586-93. (Pubitemid 351661050)
7. Cooke CE, Hammerash WJ. Retrospective review of sex differences in the management of dyslipidemia in coronary heart disease: an analysis of patient data from a Maryland-based health maintenance organization. Clinical Therapeutics 2006;28:591-99. (Pubitemid 43783441)
8. Rahman O, Strauss J, Gertler P, et al. Gender differences in adult health: an international comparison. Gerontologist 1994;34:463-9. (Pubitemid 24309699)
9. Alberti H, Alberti B. The influence of gender on the primary care management of diabetes in Tunisia. Pan Afr Med J 2009;3:2.
10. Chun H, Cho SI, Khang YH, et al. Trends in gender-based health inequality in a transitional society: a historical analysis of South Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2012;45:113-21.
11. Ulasi I. Gender bias in access to healthcare in Nigeria: a study of end-stage renal disease. Trop Doct 2008;38:50-2.
12. Asfaw A, Lamanna F, Klasen S. Gender gap in parents' financing strategy for hospitalization of their children: evidence from India. Health Economics 2010;19:265-79.
13. Ramakrishnan S, Khera R, Jain S, et al. Gender differences in the utilisation of surgery for congenital heart disease in India. Heart 2011;97:1920-5.
14. World Health Organization. Disease and injury regional estimates - Cause-specific mortality: regional estimates for 2008. WHO Health statistics and health information systems website, 2008.
15. Hesketh T, Xing ZW. Abnormal sex ratios in human populations: causes and consequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:13271-5. (Pubitemid 44380098)
16. Mathew JL. Inequity in childhood immunization in India: a systematic review. Indian Pediatr 2012;49:203-23.
17. Qadir F, Khan MM, Medhin G, et al. Male gender preference, female gender disadvantage as risk factors for psychological morbidity in Pakistani women of childbearing age - a life course perspective. BMC Public Health 2011;11:745.
18. Bulte E, Heerink N, Zhang XB. China' s one-child policy and 'the mystery of missing women': ethnic minorities and male-biased sex ratios. Oxford Bulletin Econ Statistics 2011;73:21-39.
19. Attane I. The determinants of discrimination against daughters in China: evidence from a provincial-level analysis. Popul Stud (Camb) 2009;63:87-102.
20. Mitra AK, Rahman MM, Fuchs GJ. Risk factors and gender differentials for death among children hospitalized with diarrhoea in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2000;18:151-6.
21. Asfaw A, Lamanna F, Klasen S. Gender gap in parents' financing strategy for hospitalization of their children: evidence from India. Health Econ 2010;19:265-79.
22. Census India. Provisional population totals: Chapter-5 Gender composition of population. New Delhi: Office of registrar general & census commissioner of India, 2011.
23. Jha P, Kesler MA, Kumar R, et al. Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: analysis of nationally representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from 1991 to 2011. Lancet 2011;377:1921-8.
24. Sahni M, Verma N, Narula D, et al. Missing girls in India: infanticide, feticide and made-to-order pregnancies? Insights from hospital-based sex-ratio-at-birth over the last century. PLoS One 2008;3:e2224.
25. Sen A. Missing women - revisited. BMJ 2003;327:1297-8. (Pubitemid 37510445)
26. Sen A. Missing women. BMJ 1992;304:587-8.
27. Brogen AS, Shantibala K, Rajkumari B, et al. Determination of sex-ratio by birth order in an urban community in Manipur. Indian J Public Health 2009;53:13-17.
28. UNFPA India. Trends in Sex Ratio at Birth and Estimates of Girls Missing at Birth in India . United Nations Population Fund - India, 2010.
29. Mortality Country Fact Sheet - India. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2006. http://www.who.int/whosis/mort/pro files/mort-searo-ind-india.pdf
30. Million Death Study C, Bassani DG, Kumar R, et al. Causes of neonatal and child mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey. Lancet 2010;376:1853-60.
31. Sachar RK, Verma J, Dhawan S, et al. Sex bias in health and medical care allocation. Indian J Matern Child Health 1990;1:63-5.
32. Saha A, Parmar V, Chawala D, et al. Gender bias in utilization of health services in Chandigarh. Indian J Pediatr 2009;76:858.
33. Arora RS, Eden TO, Kapoor G. Epidemiology of childhood cancer in India. Indian J Cancer 2009;46:264-73.
34. Barr RRR, Agarwal B, Masera G, et al. Pediatric Oncology in Countries with Limited Resources. In: Pizzo PA PD, ed. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology. 5th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006:1605-17.
35. Pande RP. Selective gender differences in childhood nutrition and immunization in rural India: the role of siblings. Demography 2003;40:395-418. (Pubitemid 38825493)
36. Singh A. Gender Based Within-Household Inequality in Childhood Immunization in India: changes over time and across regions. PLoS One 2012;7.
37. Bose S. The effect of women 's status and community on the gender differential in children's nutrition in India. J Biosoc Sci 2011;43:513-33.
38. Mishra V, Roy TK, Retherford RD. Sex differentials in childhood feeding, health care, and nutritional status in India. Popul Dev Rev 2004;30:269.
39. DeRose LF, Das M, Millman SR. Does female disadvantage mean lower access to food? Popul Dev Rev 2000;26:517.
40. Miller BD. Social class, gender and intrahousehold food allocations to children in south Asia. Soc Sci Med 1997;44:1685-95.
41. Pandey A, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, et al. Gender differences in healthcare-seeking during common illnesses in a rural community of West Bengal, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2002;20:306-11. (Pubitemid 36347996)
42. Zhu WX, Lu L, Hesketh T. China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey. BMJ 2009;338:b1211.
43. Yu MY, Sarri R. Women's health status and gender inequality in China. Soc Sci Med 1997;45:1885-98. (Pubitemid 27525989)
44. Guilmoto CZ. Sex-ratio imbalance in Asia: Trends, consequences and policy responses . Paris: LPED/IRD, 2007.
45. Xie J, Dow WH. Longitudinal study of child immunization determinants in China. Soc Sci Med 2005;61:601-11. (Pubitemid 40724605)
46. Chun H, Khang YH, Kim IH, et al. Explaining gender differences in ill-health in South Korea: the roles of socio-structural, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Soc Sci Med 2008;67:988-1001.
47. Ganatra B. Maintaining access to safe abortion and reducing sex ratio imbalances in Asia. Reprod Health Matters 2008;16:90-8.
48. Harriss B. Differential female mortality and health care in South Asia. J Soc Stud 1989:1-123.
49. Nuruddin R, Hadden WC, Petersen MR, et al. Does child gender determine household decision for health care in rural Thatta, Pakistan? J Public Health (Oxf) 2009;31:389-97.
50. Begum V, de Colombani P, Das Gupta S, et al. Tuberculosis and patient gender in Bangladesh: sex differences in diagnosis and treatment outcome. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001;5:604-10. (Pubitemid 32652149)
51. Tariq M, Alam M, Munir G, et al. Infective endocarditis: a five-year experience at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2004;8:163-70. (Pubitemid 38639176)
52. Rousham EK. Socio-economic influences on gender inequalities in child health in rural Bangladesh. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:560-64. (Pubitemid 26283726)
53. Pokhrel S, Snow R, Dong HJ, et al. Gender role and child health care utilization in Nepal. Health Policy 2005;74:100-09. (Pubitemid 41132576)
54. Pokhrel S, Sauerborn R. Household decision-making on child health care in developing countries: the case of Nepal. Health Policy Plan 2004;19:218-33. (Pubitemid 38931718)
55. Yount KM. Gender bias in the allocation of curative health care in Minia, Egypt. Popul Res Policy Rev 2003;22:267-95. (Pubitemid 37425346)
56. Yount KM. Provider bias in the treatment of diarrhea among boys and girls attending public facilities in Minia, Egypt. Soc Sci Med 2003;56:753-68. (Pubitemid 36135807)
57. Obermeyer CM, Cardenas R. Son preference and differential treatment in Morocco and Tunisia. Stud Fam Plann 1997;28:235-44.
58. Larme AC. Health care allocation and selective neglect in rural Peru. Soc Sci Med 1997;44:1711-23.
59. Vega J, Bedregal P, Jadue L, et al. Gender inequity in the access to health care in Chile. Rev Med Chil 2003;131:669-78.
60. Trapp EM, Williams J, Menken J, et al. Disappearing sex-bias in child health in Bangladesh. Population Aging Center Working Paper, 2004:3.
61. Holmes J. Do community factors have a differential impact on the health outcomes of boys and girls? Evidence from rural Pakistan. Health Policy Plan 2006;21:231-40. (Pubitemid 43760769)
62. Ganatra B, Hirve S. Male bias in health care utilization for under-fives in a rural community in western India. Bull World Health Organ 1994;72:101-4. (Pubitemid 24090724)
63. Griffiths P, Matthews Z, Hinde A. Gender, family, and the nutritional status of children in three culturally contrasting states of India. Soc Sci Med 2002;55:775-90. (Pubitemid 34759919)
64. Borooah VK. Gender bias among children in India in their diet and immunisation against disease. Soc Sci Med 2004;58:1719-31. (Pubitemid 38281138)
65. Bhan G, Bhandari N, Taneja S, et al. The effect of maternal education on gender bias in care-seeking for common childhood illnesses. Soc Sci Med 2005;60:715-24. (Pubitemid 39574769)
66. Dancer D, Rammohan A, Smith MD. Infant mortality and child nutrition in Bangladesh. Health Econ 2008;17:1015-35.