Women's health status and gender inequality in China

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 45, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 1885-1898

  Yu, Mei Yu ^a   Sarri, Rosemary ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Chinese women; Gender equality; Health status; Mortality

Indexed keywords

FEMALE MORTALITY; GENDER INEQUALITY; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHINESE; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MORTALITY; NEWBORN; QUALITY OF LIFE; RURAL AREA; SEX DIFFERENCE; URBAN AREA; WELLBEING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHINA; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PREJUDICE; QUALITY OF LIFE; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

CHINA;

EID: 0030783374     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00127-5     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. AbouZahr, C. and Royston, E. (1991) Maternal Mortality: A Global Factbook. World Health Organization, Geneva.
2. Banister, J. (1984) An analysis of recent data on the population of China. Population and Development Review 10(2), 241-271.
3. Banister, J. (1986) China: Recent Trends in Health and Mortality. Staff paper of the Center for International Research (CIR), No. 23, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC.
4. Banister, J. (1987) China's Changing Population. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
5. Cao, Z. Y. (1996) China's health care for the 21st century. Paper presented at the 1996 Healthcare for the Twenty-First Century: Eastern and Western Perspectives, Springfield, IL, June 3-15.
6. Chen, H. F. and Zhu, C. (eds) (1984) Chinese Health Care, Volume 3 of Modern Chinese Medicine. MTP Press, Lancaster.
7. China Population Welfare Foundation (1995) "Programme of Happiness" - An Action to Help Impoverished Mothers. Organizing Committee of the "Programme of Happiness", Beijing.
8. Christiani, D. C., Quinn, M. M., Wegman, D. H. and Levenstein, C. (1985) Problems of modernization and occupational health in the People's Republic of China. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 11(4), 5-6.
9. Chun, C. (1996) Emergency appeal on unbalance of sex ratio in China. China News Digest 252, 5-7.
10. Coale, A. J. (1984) Rapid population change in China, 1952-1982. Report No. 27, Committee on Population and Demography. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
11. Coale, A. J. (1991) Excess female mortality and the balance of the sexes in the population: an estimate of the number of "missing females". Population and Development Review 17(3), 517-523.
12. Coale, A. J. (1993) Mortality schedules in China derived from data in the 1982 and 1990 censuses. Working Paper No. 93-7, Office of Population Research, Princeton University. Princeton, New Jersey.
13. Coale, A. J. and Banister, J. (1994) Five decades of missing females in China. Demography 31(3), 459-479.
14. Coale, A. J. and Li, S. (1991) The effect of age misreporting in China on the calculation of mortality rates at very high ages. Demography 28(2), 293-301.
15. Economic and Social Council (1992) Report of the Working Group on Violence Against Women. E/CN.6/ WG.2/L.3, United Nations, Vienna.
16. Editorial Committee (1992) Demographic and Economic Data of the Underdeveloped Regions of China. Beijing University Press, Beijing.
17. Editorial Committee of Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China (ECYPHPRC) (1990) Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China 1990. The People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing.
18. Editorial Committee of Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China (ECYPHPRC) (1991) Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China 1991. The People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing.
19. Editorial Committee of Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China (ECYPHPRC) (1992) Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China 1992. The People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing.
20. Editorial Committee of Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China (ECYPHPRC) (1995) Yearbook of Public Health in the People's Republic of China 1995. The People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing.
21. Hao, H. S., Arriaga, E. and Banister, J. (1988) An analysis of provincial mortality of China. Population Research (Renkou Yanjiu) 4, 1-10.
22. Heise, L.L., Pitanguy, J. and Germain, A. (1994) Violence against women: the hidden health burden. World Bank Discussion Papers 255, 3-13.
23. Hull, T. H. (1990) Recent trends in sex ratios at birth in China. Population and Development Review 16(1), 63-83.
24. Jamison, D. T., Evans, J. R., King, T., Porter, I., Prescott, N. and Prost, A. (1984) China: The Health Sector. A World Bank Country Study. The World Bank, Washington, DC.
25. Johansson, S. and Hygren, O. (1991) The missing girls of China: a new demographic account. Population and Development Review 17(1), 35-51.
26. Johnson, K. (1996) The politics of infant abandonment in China. Population and Development 22(1), 77-98.
27. Lawson, J. S. (1994) Health status differentials in the People's Republic of China. American Journal of Public Health 84(5), 737-741.
28. Levine, S. (1996) Industrial Growth and China's Occupational Health. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
29. Li, G. and Baker, S. P. (1991) A comparison of injury death rates in China and the United States, 1986. American Journal of Public Health 81(5), 605-609.
30. Li, S. Z. (1994) Changes of mortality levels and patterns in the 1980s in China. Population Research (Renkou Yanjiu) 2, 37-44.
31. Liu, Z. (1985) General situation of population development in new China. Almanac of China's Population 1985, 186-193.
32. Lu, L. and Wei, X. (1990) The abridged life tables in China in 1990. Population Research (Renkou Yanjiu) 1, 63-64.
33. Morris, M. D. (1979) Measuring the Condition of the World's Poor: The Physical Quality of Life Index. Published for the Overseas Development Council, Pergamon Press, New York.
34. Pearson, V. (1995) Goods on which one loses: women and mental health in China. Social Science & Medicine 41(8), 1159-1173.
35. Peng, X. (1987) Demographic consequences of the Great Leap Forward in China's provinces. Population and Development Review 13(4), 639-670.
36. Peto, R. (1994) Smoking and death: the past 40 years and the next 40. British Medical Journal 309, 937-939.
37. Population Census Office of China (1993a) Tabulation of the 1990 Population Census of the People's Republic of China, Vol. 2. China Statistics Press, Beijing.
38. Population Census Office of China (1993b) Tabulation on the 1990 Population Census of the People's Republic of China, Vol. 4. China Statistics Publishing House, Beijing.
39. Population Statistical Department of the State Statistical Bureau (1989) China Population Statistics Yearbook 1989. Scientific and Technological Documents Publishing House, Beijing.
40. Population Statistical Department of the State Statistical Bureau (1993) China Population Statistics Yearbook 1993. China statistical Publishing House, Beijing.
41. Poston, D. J. (1990) Patterns of infant mortality in China. Population and Development Program, 1990 Working Paper Series 2.19, Cornell University.
42. Quinn, M. M., Punnett, L., Christiani, D. C., Levenstein, C. and Wegman, D. H. (1987) Modernization and trends in occupational health and safety in the People's Republic of China 1981-1986. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 12, 499-506.
43. Riley, N. (1996) China's "missing girls": prospects and policy. Population Today February, 4-5.
44. Shanghai International Center for Population Communication, China, and Jiafu Information Dissemination Center of China (1995) Women and Family Planning in China. Shanghai International Center for Population Communication, China, and Jiafu Information Dissemination Center of China, Shanghai.
45. Skolnick, A. A. (1996) Answer sought for "Tobacco Giant" China's problem. American Medical Association 275(16), 1220-1221.
46. Statistical Bureau of the Republic of China (Guo Min Zheng Fu Zhu Ji Chu) (1971) China's Population Statistics. Xuehai Publishing House, Taipei.
47. Statistical Bureau of the Republic of China (Guo Min Zheng Fu Zhu Ji Chu). (1973) Statistics and Analysis on China's Population Issues. Zhongshan Tu Shu Company, Hong Kong.
48. Tien, H. Y., Zhang, T. L., Ping, Y., Li, J. N. and Liang, Z. T. (1992) China's demographic dilemmas. Population Bulletin 47(1), 12-14.
49. Tyler, P. (1995) China's country schools are failing. New York Times 31 December, 5.
50. United Nations (1961) 1961 Demographic Yearbook, 13th edn. United Nations, New York.
51. United Nations (1973) The Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends: New Summary of Findings on Interaction of Demographic, Economic and Social Factors, Vol. 1. United Nations, New York.
52. United Nations (1994) World Population 1994. United Nations, New York.
53. United Nations (1995a) 1993 Demographic Yearbook, 45th edn. United Nations, New York.
54. United Nations (1995b) Summary of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. United Nations, New York.
55. United Nations Development Programme (1995) Human Development Report 1995. Published for the United Nations Development Programme, Oxford University Press, New York.
56. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1993) World Education Reports 1993. UNESCO, France.
57. Wang, X. (1994) China strives to eradicate poverty. Beijing Review 37(20), 7-12.
58. Wang, Y., Becker, S., Chow, L. P. and Wang, S. X. (1991) Induced abortion in eight provinces of China. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 5(1), 32-40.
59. Women's Research Institute of China Academy of Management Science (1995) Women Studying the Female Gender, Women Helping Women. Women's Health Institute, Beijing.
60. World Bank (1992) China: Long-term Issues and Options in the Health Transition. A World Bank country study. World Bank, Washington, DC.
61. World Bank (1993a) The World Bank Atlas 1994. World Bank, Washington, DC.
62. World Bank (1993b) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. Published for the World Bank, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
63. World Health Organization (1995a) The World Health Report 1995 - Bridging the Gaps. World Health Organization, Geneva.
64. World Health Organization (1995b) Women's Health: Improve our Health Improve the World. World Health Organization position paper, World Health Organization, Geneva.
65. Xinhua News Agency (1994) Law on maternal, infant health care reported. Daily Report, China 1 November, 29.
66. Xu, B. Z., Rimpela, A., Jarvelin, M. R. and Nieminen, M. (1994) Sex difference of infant and child mortality in China. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 22(4), 242-248.
67. Young, M. E. and Prost, A. (1985) Child Health in China. World Bank staff working paper no. 767, World Bank, Washington, DC.
68. Yu, M. Y. and Sarri, R. (1995) Trends in women's health status in China: 1950 s-1990. Paper presentation at the NGO Forum of the UN Fourth World Conference on Women, August 30-September 8, Huairon-Beijing, China.
69. Yu, M. Y., Liang, J. and Gu, S. Z. (1988) Family support of elderly women in Hubei, China. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, November 18-22, San Francisco.
70. Zeng, Y., Tu, P., Gu, B. C., Xu, Y., Li, B. H. and Li, Y. P. (1993) Causes and implications of the recent increase in the reported sex ratio at birth in China. Population and Development Review 19(2), 283-302.
71. Zhai, Z. W. (1993) An adjustment of 1990's IMR and an estimation of life table. Population Research (Renkou Yanjiu) 2, 9-16.