Does prompt treatment of urinary tract infection in preschool children prevent renal scarring: Mixed retrospective and prospective audits

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Volumn 99, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 342-347

  Coulthard, Malcolm G ^a   Lambert, Heather J ^a   Vernon, Susan J ^a   Hunter, Elizabeth W ^a   Keir, Michael J ^b   Matthews, John N S ^c  

^a Infectious Diseases Allergy   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL VICTORIA INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

^c NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONSULTATION; EARLY INTERVENTION; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; KIDNEY SCAR; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL AUDIT; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; TIME TO TREATMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

PROMPT TREATMENT; RENAL SCARRING; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; VESICOURETERIC REFLUX;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CICATRIX; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; ENGLAND; FAMILY PRACTICE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; KIDNEY DISEASES; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEX DISTRIBUTION; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; VESICO-URETERAL REFLUX;

EID: 84896490830     PISSN: 00039888     EISSN: 14682044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-304428     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Royal College of Physicians Research Unit Working Group. Guidelines for the management of acute urinary tract infection in childhood. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1991;25:36-42.
2. Vernon S, Foo CK, Coulthard MG, et al. How general practitioners manage children with urinary tract infection: an audit in the former Northern Region. Br J Gen Pract 1997;47:297-300. (Pubitemid 27208111)
3. Coulthard MG, Lambert HJ, Keir MJ, et al. Occurrence of renal scars in children after their first referral for urinary tract infection. BMJ 1997;315:918-19. (Pubitemid 27425124)
4. Coulthard MG, Vernon SJ, Lambert HJ, et al. A nurse led education and direct access service for the management of urinary tract infections in children: prospective controlled trial. BMJ 2003;327:656-59. (Pubitemid 37153561)
5. Venhola M, Uhari M. Vesicoureteral reflux, a benign condition. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:223-26.
6. Coulthard MG. Vesicoureteric re flux is not a benign condition. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:227-32.
7. Glauser MP, Meylan P, Bille J, et al. The inflammatory response and tissue damage: the example of renal scars following acute renal infection. Pediatr Nephrol 1987;1:615-22. (Pubitemid 18014579)
8. Slotki IN, Asscher AW. Prevention of scarring in experimental pyelonephritis in the rat by early antibiotic therapy. Nephron 1982;30:262-68. (Pubitemid 12135714)
9. Coulthard MG, Verber I, Jani JC, et al. Can prompt treatment of childhood UTI prevent kidney scarring? Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:2059-63.
10. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Urinary tract infection in children. 2007. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG054
11. American Academy of Pediatrics. Urinary tract infection: Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics 2011;128:595-610.
12. Tullus K. What do the latest guidelines tell us about UTIs in children under 2 years of age. Pediatr Nephrol 2012;27:509-11.
13. Keir MJ, Lambert HJ, Coulthard MG. Maximising the sensitivity of the indirect radionuclide cystogram: a retrospective audit. Pediatr Nephrol 2013;28:2137-41.
14. Coulthard MG, Nelson A, Smith T, et al. Point-of-care diagnostic tests for childhood urinary tract infection: phase-contrast microscopy for bacteria, stick-testing, and counting white blood cells. J Clin Pathol 2010;63:823-9.
15. Firth D. Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates. Biometrika 1993;80:27-38.
16. Kosmidis I. brglm: bias reduction in binary-response GLMs. R package version 0.5-5. 2007. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucakiko/software.html
17. McCullagh P. Regression models for ordinal data. J R Stat Soc 1980; series B 42:109-42.
18. Venables WN, Ripley BD. Modern applied statistics with S. 4th edn. New York: Springer, 2002.
19. International Reflux Study Committee. Medical versus surgical treatment of primary vesico-ureteral reflux. Pediatrics 1981;67:392-400.
20. Coulthard MG. Do kidneys outgrow the risk of reflux nephropathy? Pediatr Nephrol 2002;17:477-80. (Pubitemid 36097307)
21. Liaw LCT, Nayar DM, Pedler SJ, et al. Home collection of urine for culture from infants by three methods: survey of parents' preferences and bacterial contamination rates. BMJ 2000;320:1312-13. (Pubitemid 30245721)
22. Rees J, Vernon S, Pedler S, et al. Collecting urine from washed-up potties. Lancet 1996;348:197.
23. Jadresic L, Cartwright K, Cowie N, et al. Investigation of urinary tract infection in childhood. BMJ 1993;307:761-64. (Pubitemid 23279320)
24. Paed L, Maskell R. Study of urinary tract infection in children in one health district. BMJ 1994;309:631-4.
25. Jakobsson B, Soderlundh S, Berg U Diagnostic significance of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy in urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:1338-42.
26. Hewitt IK, Zucchetta P, Rigon L, et al. Early treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children fails to reduce renal scarring: data from the Italian renal infection study trials. Pediatrics 2008;122:486-90.
27. Mattoo TK. Evidence for and against urinary prophylaxis in vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:2379-82.
28. Scott J, Swallow V, Coulthard MG, et al. Screening of newborn babies for familial ureteric reflux. Lancet 1997;350:396-400. (Pubitemid 27331233)