메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 437-447.e15

Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with seizures

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; ETIRACETAM; FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM; GABAPENTIN; HARKOSERIDE; LAMOTRIGINE; PHENYTOIN; PROPOFOL; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 84896455960     PISSN: 01960644     EISSN: 10976760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.01.018     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 2342440114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with seizures
    • American College of Emergency Physicians
    • American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with seizures Ann Emerg Med 43 2004 605 625
    • (2004) Ann Emerg Med , vol.43 , pp. 605-625
  • 2
    • 0027170578 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy
    • Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy
    • Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy Epilepsia 34 1993 592 596
    • (1993) Epilepsia , vol.34 , pp. 592-596
  • 3
    • 37749043322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First seizure definitions and worldwide incidence and mortality
    • W.A. Hauser, and E. Beghi First seizure definitions and worldwide incidence and mortality Epilepsia 49 2008 S8 S12
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49
    • Hauser, W.A.1    Beghi, E.2
  • 4
    • 84857132739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular versus intravenous therapy for prehospital status epilepticus
    • NETT Investigators
    • R. Silbergleit, V. Durkalski, D. Lowenstein NETT Investigators Intramuscular versus intravenous therapy for prehospital status epilepticus N Engl J Med 366 2012 591 600
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 591-600
    • Silbergleit, R.1    Durkalski, V.2    Lowenstein, D.3
  • 5
    • 36349008161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society
    • A. Krumholz, S. Wiebe, and G. Gronseth et al. Practice parameter: evaluating an apparent unprovoked first seizure in adults (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society Neurology 69 2007 1996 2007
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1996-2007
    • Krumholz, A.1    Wiebe, S.2    Gronseth, G.3
  • 6
    • 35848950205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessment: Neuroimaging in the emergency patient presenting with seizure (an evidence-based review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • C.L. Harden, J.S. Huff, and T.H. Schwartz et al. Reassessment: neuroimaging in the emergency patient presenting with seizure (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology 69 2007 1772 1780
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1772-1780
    • Harden, C.L.1    Huff, J.S.2    Schwartz, T.H.3
  • 7
    • 84896483076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guideline for the management of first seizure in the emergency department
    • December. Accessed December 2, 2011
    • Turner S, Benger J, for the College of Emergency Medicine (UK). Guideline for the management of first seizure in the emergency department. The Guidelines in Emergency Medicine Network (GEMNet). December 2009. Available at: http://www.collemergencymed.ac.uk/asp/document.asp?ID=5073. Accessed December 2, 2011.
    • (2009) The Guidelines in Emergency Medicine Network (GEMNet)
    • Turner, S.1    Benger, J.2
  • 8
    • 33749510516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Starting and stopping treatment for seizures and epilepsy
    • D. Chadwick Starting and stopping treatment for seizures and epilepsy Epilepsia 47 2006 S58 S61
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47
    • Chadwick, D.1
  • 9
    • 49149095122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations in the treatment of a first unprovoked seizure
    • S.R. Haut, and S. Shinnar Considerations in the treatment of a first unprovoked seizure Semin Neurol 28 2008 289 296
    • (2008) Semin Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 289-296
    • Haut, S.R.1    Shinnar, S.2
  • 10
    • 0032510157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of recurrent seizures after two unprovoked seizures
    • W.A. Hauser, S.S. Rich, and J.R. Lee et al. Risk of recurrent seizures after two unprovoked seizures N Engl J Med 338 1998 429 434
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 429-434
    • Hauser, W.A.1    Rich, S.S.2    Lee, J.R.3
  • 11
    • 0030724119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of first tonic-clonic seizure does not improve the prognosis of epilepsy
    • First Seizure Trial Group (FIRST Group)
    • M. Musicco, E. Beghi, A. Solari First Seizure Trial Group (FIRST Group) Treatment of first tonic-clonic seizure does not improve the prognosis of epilepsy Neurology 49 1997 991 998
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 991-998
    • Musicco, M.1    Beghi, E.2    Solari, A.3
  • 12
    • 20444401893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate versus deferred antiepileptic drug treatment for early epilepsy and single seizures: A randomised controlled trial
    • Medical Research Council MESS Study Group
    • A. Marson, A. Jacoby, A. Johnson Medical Research Council MESS Study Group Immediate versus deferred antiepileptic drug treatment for early epilepsy and single seizures: a randomised controlled trial Lancet 365 2005 2007 2013
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 2007-2013
    • Marson, A.1    Jacoby, A.2    Johnson, A.3
  • 13
    • 37749023771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of the first seizure: The benefits
    • D.W. Chadwick The treatment of the first seizure: the benefits Epilepsia 49 suppl 1 2008 26 28
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 26-28
    • Chadwick, D.W.1
  • 14
    • 58149261779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of early seizure recurrence in patients admitted for seizures in the emergency department
    • C. Choquet, J. Depret-Vassal, and B. Doumenc et al. Predictors of early seizure recurrence in patients admitted for seizures in the emergency department Eur J Emerg Med 15 2008 261 267
    • (2008) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 261-267
    • Choquet, C.1    Depret-Vassal, J.2    Doumenc, B.3
  • 15
    • 27844465385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of adults referred to a teaching hospital first seizure clinic
    • D.P. Breen, M.J. Dunn, and R.J. Davenport et al. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of adults referred to a teaching hospital first seizure clinic Postgrad Med J 81 2005 715 718
    • (2005) Postgrad Med J , vol.81 , pp. 715-718
    • Breen, D.P.1    Dunn, M.J.2    Davenport, R.J.3
  • 16
    • 17144398439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early management of adults with an uncomplicated first generalised seizure
    • M.J. Dunn, D.P. Breen, and R.J. Davenport et al. Early management of adults with an uncomplicated first generalised seizure Emerg Med J 22 2005 237 242
    • (2005) Emerg Med J , vol.22 , pp. 237-242
    • Dunn, M.J.1    Breen, D.P.2    Davenport, R.J.3
  • 17
    • 14644403628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality following a first unprovoked seizure in children: A prospective study
    • S. Shinnar, C. O'Dell, and A.T. Berg Mortality following a first unprovoked seizure in children: a prospective study Neurology 64 2005 880 882
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 880-882
    • Shinnar, S.1    O'Dell, C.2    Berg, A.T.3
  • 18
    • 65549135847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is a first acute symptomatic seizure epilepsy? Mortality and risk for recurrent seizure
    • D.C. Hesdorffer, E.K. Benn, and G.D. Cascino et al. Is a first acute symptomatic seizure epilepsy? Mortality and risk for recurrent seizure Epilepsia 50 2009 1102 1108
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Hesdorffer, D.C.1    Benn, E.K.2    Cascino, G.D.3
  • 19
    • 9144220502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of management of first-ever seizures in a hospital based community
    • A. Kawkabani, A.O. Rossetti, and P.A. Despland Survey of management of first-ever seizures in a hospital based community Swiss Med Wkly 134 2004 586 592
    • (2004) Swiss Med Wkly , vol.134 , pp. 586-592
    • Kawkabani, A.1    Rossetti, A.O.2    Despland, P.A.3
  • 20
    • 33748998171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First seizure presentation: Do multiple seizures within 24 hours predict recurrence?
    • L.K. Kho, N.D. Lawn, and J.W. Dunne et al. First seizure presentation: do multiple seizures within 24 hours predict recurrence? Neurology 67 2005 1047 1049
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 1047-1049
    • Kho, L.K.1    Lawn, N.D.2    Dunne, J.W.3
  • 21
    • 33644967929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of risk of seizure recurrence after a single seizure and early epilepsy: Further results from the MESS trial
    • MRC MESS Study group
    • L.G. Kim, T.L. Johnson, A.G. Marson MRC MESS Study group Prediction of risk of seizure recurrence after a single seizure and early epilepsy: further results from the MESS trial Lancet Neurol 5 2006 317 322
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 317-322
    • Kim, L.G.1    Johnson, T.L.2    Marson, A.G.3
  • 23
    • 77951214879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Phenytoin use and efficacy in the ED
    • K. Gallop Review article: phenytoin use and efficacy in the ED Emerg Med Australas 22 2010 108 118
    • (2010) Emerg Med Australas , vol.22 , pp. 108-118
    • Gallop, K.1
  • 24
    • 34447569589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid oral loading of carbamazepine in the emergency department
    • T.B. Purcell, R.A. McPheeters, and M. Feil et al. Rapid oral loading of carbamazepine in the emergency department Ann Emerg Med 50 2007 121 126
    • (2007) Ann Emerg Med , vol.50 , pp. 121-126
    • Purcell, T.B.1    McPheeters, R.A.2    Feil, M.3
  • 25
    • 0035957299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid initiation of gabapentin: A randomized, controlled trial
    • R.S. Fisher, R.C. Sachdeo, and J. Pellock et al. Rapid initiation of gabapentin: a randomized, controlled trial Neurology 56 2001 743 748
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 743-748
    • Fisher, R.S.1    Sachdeo, R.C.2    Pellock, J.3
  • 26
    • 39749167069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous lacosamide as replacement for oral lacosamide in patients with partial-onset seizures
    • V. Biton, W.E. Rosenfeld, and J. Whitesides et al. Intravenous lacosamide as replacement for oral lacosamide in patients with partial-onset seizures Epilepsia 49 2008 418 424
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 418-424
    • Biton, V.1    Rosenfeld, W.E.2    Whitesides, J.3
  • 27
    • 0042853198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of oral loading with lamotrigine in epilepsy monitoring units
    • D.V. Lardizabal, H.H. Morris, and C.A. Hovinga et al. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of oral loading with lamotrigine in epilepsy monitoring units Epilepsia 44 2003 536 539
    • (2003) Epilepsia , vol.44 , pp. 536-539
    • Lardizabal, D.V.1    Morris, H.H.2    Hovinga, C.A.3
  • 28
    • 45949104496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability and efficacy of oral loading of levetiracetam
    • M.Z. Koubeissi, S. Amina, and I. Pita et al. Tolerability and efficacy of oral loading of levetiracetam Neurology 70 2008 2166 2170
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 2166-2170
    • Koubeissi, M.Z.1    Amina, S.2    Pita, I.3
  • 29
    • 70350703431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid infusion of a loading dose of intravenous levetiracetam with minimal dilution: A safety study
    • J.W. Wheless, D. Clarke, and C.A. Hovinga et al. Rapid infusion of a loading dose of intravenous levetiracetam with minimal dilution: a safety study J Child Neurol 24 2009 946 951
    • (2009) J Child Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 946-951
    • Wheless, J.W.1    Clarke, D.2    Hovinga, C.A.3
  • 30
    • 1442270080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of phenytoin-loading techniques in the emergency department
    • S.P. Swadron, M.I. Rudis, and K. Azimian et al. A comparison of phenytoin-loading techniques in the emergency department Acad Emerg Med 11 2004 244 252
    • (2004) Acad Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 244-252
    • Swadron, S.P.1    Rudis, M.I.2    Azimian, K.3
  • 31
    • 1442287104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of oral phenytoin, intravenous phenytoin, and intravenous fosphenytoin in the emergency department
    • M.I. Rudis, D.R. Touchette, and S.P. Swadron et al. Cost-effectiveness of oral phenytoin, intravenous phenytoin, and intravenous fosphenytoin in the emergency department Ann Emerg Med 43 2004 386 397
    • (2004) Ann Emerg Med , vol.43 , pp. 386-397
    • Rudis, M.I.1    Touchette, D.R.2    Swadron, S.P.3
  • 32
    • 33847647654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of rapid intravenous loading of valproate
    • N.A. Limdi, R.K. Knowlton, and S.S. Cofield et al. Safety of rapid intravenous loading of valproate Epilepsia 48 2007 478 483
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 478-483
    • Limdi, N.A.1    Knowlton, R.K.2    Cofield, S.S.3
  • 33
    • 0032921086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's time to revise the definition of status epilepticus
    • D.H. Lowenstein, T. Bleck, and R.L. MacDonald It's time to revise the definition of status epilepticus Epilepsia 40 1999 120 122
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , pp. 120-122
    • Lowenstein, D.H.1    Bleck, T.2    MacDonald, R.L.3
  • 34
    • 84864280308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus
    • Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee
    • G.M. Brophy, R. Bell, J. Claassen Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus Neurocrit Care 17 2012 3 23
    • (2012) Neurocrit Care , vol.17 , pp. 3-23
    • Brophy, G.M.1    Bell, R.2    Claassen, J.3
  • 35
    • 77649174487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults
    • European Federation of Neurological Societies
    • H. Meierkord, P. Boon, B. Engelsen European Federation of Neurological Societies EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults Eur J Neurol 17 2010 346 355
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 346-355
    • Meierkord, H.1    Boon, P.2    Engelsen, B.3
  • 36
    • 0038629351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus: A survey of neurologists
    • J. Claassen, L.J. Hirsch, and S.A. Mayer Treatment of status epilepticus: a survey of neurologists J Neurol Sci 211 2003 37 41
    • (2003) J Neurol Sci , vol.211 , pp. 37-41
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2    Mayer, S.A.3
  • 37
    • 0032541616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group
    • D.M. Treiman, P.D. Meyers, and N.Y. Walton et al. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group N Engl J Med 339 1998 792 798
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 792-798
    • Treiman, D.M.1    Meyers, P.D.2    Walton, N.Y.3
  • 38
    • 33747070541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium valproate vs phenytoin in status epilepticus: A pilot study
    • U.K. Misra, J. Kalita, and R. Patel Sodium valproate vs phenytoin in status epilepticus: a pilot study Neurology 67 2006 340 342
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 340-342
    • Misra, U.K.1    Kalita, J.2    Patel, R.3
  • 39
    • 34547699419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of intravenous valproate and phenytoin in status epilepticus
    • P. Agarwal, N. Kumar, and R. Chandra et al. Randomized study of intravenous valproate and phenytoin in status epilepticus Seizure 16 2007 527 532
    • (2007) Seizure , vol.16 , pp. 527-532
    • Agarwal, P.1    Kumar, N.2    Chandra, R.3
  • 40
    • 15844425971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous valproate as an innovative therapy in seizure emergency situations including status epilepticus - Experience in 102 adult patients
    • C.N. Peters, and B. Pohlmann-Eden Intravenous valproate as an innovative therapy in seizure emergency situations including status epilepticus - experience in 102 adult patients Seizure 14 2005 164 169
    • (2005) Seizure , vol.14 , pp. 164-169
    • Peters, C.N.1    Pohlmann-Eden, B.2
  • 41
    • 12444347841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of rapid IV administration of valproic acid for status epilepticus
    • N.A. Limdi, A.V. Shimpi, and E. Faught et al. Efficacy of rapid IV administration of valproic acid for status epilepticus Neurology 64 2005 353 355
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 353-355
    • Limdi, N.A.1    Shimpi, A.V.2    Faught, E.3
  • 42
    • 61449202736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous sodium valproate in mainland China for the treatment of diazepam refractory convulsive status epilepticus
    • L. Chen, P. Feng, and J. Wang et al. Intravenous sodium valproate in mainland China for the treatment of diazepam refractory convulsive status epilepticus J Clin Neurosci 16 2009 524 526
    • (2009) J Clin Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 524-526
    • Chen, L.1    Feng, P.2    Wang, J.3
  • 43
    • 53549097641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures with I.V. Valproate acid vs phenytoin
    • R. Gilad, N. Izkovitz, and R. Dabby et al. Treatment of status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures with i.v. valproate acid vs phenytoin Acta Neurol Scand 118 2008 296 300
    • (2008) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.118 , pp. 296-300
    • Gilad, R.1    Izkovitz, N.2    Dabby, R.3
  • 44
    • 76349108274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of refractory status epilepticus at a tertiary care centre in a developing country
    • M. Tripathi, D. Vibha, and N. Choudhary et al. Management of refractory status epilepticus at a tertiary care centre in a developing country Seizure 19 2010 109 111
    • (2010) Seizure , vol.19 , pp. 109-111
    • Tripathi, M.1    Vibha, D.2    Choudhary, N.3
  • 45
    • 40649103607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous levetiracetam: Treatment experience with the first 50 critically ill patients
    • S. Ruegg, Y. Naegelin, and M. Hardmeier et al. Intravenous levetiracetam: treatment experience with the first 50 critically ill patients Epilepsy Behav 12 2008 477 480
    • (2008) Epilepsy Behav , vol.12 , pp. 477-480
    • Ruegg, S.1    Naegelin, Y.2    Hardmeier, M.3
  • 46
    • 77952653328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous levetiracetam as first-line treatment of status epilepticus in the elderly
    • J. Fattouch, C. Di Bonaventura, and S. Casciato et al. Intravenous levetiracetam as first-line treatment of status epilepticus in the elderly Acta Neurol Scand 121 2010 418 421
    • (2010) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.121 , pp. 418-421
    • Fattouch, J.1    Di Bonaventura, C.2    Casciato, S.3
  • 47
    • 61849142679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous levetiracetam infusion as add-on in status epilepticus
    • J.W. Uges, M.D. van Huizen, and J. Engelsman et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous levetiracetam infusion as add-on in status epilepticus Epilepsia 50 2009 415 421
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , pp. 415-421
    • Uges, J.W.1    Van Huizen, M.D.2    Engelsman, J.3
  • 48
    • 70349652319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous levetiracetam as treatment for status epilepticus
    • S. Berning, F. Boesebeck, and van Baalen et al. Intravenous levetiracetam as treatment for status epilepticus J Neurol 256 2009 1634 1642
    • (2009) J Neurol , vol.256 , pp. 1634-1642
    • Berning, S.1    Boesebeck, F.2    Van Baalen3
  • 49
    • 67849084811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two years of experience in the treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous levetiracetam
    • S. Eue, M. Grumbt, and M. Muller et al. Two years of experience in the treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous levetiracetam Epilepsy Behav 15 2009 467 469
    • (2009) Epilepsy Behav , vol.15 , pp. 467-469
    • Eue, S.1    Grumbt, M.2    Muller, M.3
  • 50
    • 70350304299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with intravenous levetiracetam in status epilepticus: A retrospective case series
    • G. Gamez-Leyva, J.L. Aristin, and E. Fernandez et al. Experience with intravenous levetiracetam in status epilepticus: a retrospective case series CNS Drugs 23 2009 983 987
    • (2009) CNS Drugs , vol.23 , pp. 983-987
    • Gamez-Leyva, G.1    Aristin, J.L.2    Fernandez, E.3
  • 51
    • 79551523650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus
    • A.O. Rossetti, T.A. Milligan, and S. Vulliemoz et al. A randomized trial for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus Neurocrit Care 14 2011 4 10
    • (2011) Neurocrit Care , vol.14 , pp. 4-10
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Milligan, T.A.2    Vulliemoz, S.3
  • 52
    • 0036518296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol for resistant status epilepticus
    • S. Carley, and I. Crawford Propofol for resistant status epilepticus Emerg Med J 19 2002 143 144
    • (2002) Emerg Med J , vol.19 , pp. 143-144
    • Carley, S.1    Crawford, I.2
  • 53
    • 0036126003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: A systematic review
    • J. Claassen, L.J. Hirsh, and R.G. Emerson et al. Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: a systematic review Epilepsia 43 2002 146 153
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 146-153
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsh, L.J.2    Emerson, R.G.3
  • 54
    • 84879685826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus: An international survey of experts
    • J.J. Riviello Jr., J. Claassen, and S.M. LaRoche et al. Treatment of status epilepticus: an international survey of experts Neurocrit Care 18 2013 193 200
    • (2013) Neurocrit Care , vol.18 , pp. 193-200
    • Riviello, Jr.J.J.1    Claassen, J.2    Laroche, S.M.3
  • 55
    • 0023837005 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus: A prospective comparison of diazepam and phenytoin versus phenobarbital and optional phenytoin
    • D.M. Shaner, S.A. McCurdy, and M.O. Herring et al. Treatment of status epilepticus: a prospective comparison of diazepam and phenytoin versus phenobarbital and optional phenytoin Neurology 38 1988 202 207
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 202-207
    • Shaner, D.M.1    McCurdy, S.A.2    Herring, M.O.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.