메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 87-108

Motor cortex control of a complex peripheral apparatus: The neuromuscular evolution of individuated finger movements

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84896386045     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0019137125 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pyramidal lesions on forelimb movements in the cat
    • Gorska, T. and Sybirska, E., Effects of pyramidal lesions on forelimb movements in the cat, Acta Neurobiol. Exp., 40, 843, 1980.
    • (1980) Acta Neurobiol. Exp. , vol.40 , pp. 843
    • Gorska, T.1    Sybirska, E.2
  • 2
    • 0027218680 scopus 로고
    • Differential impairments in reaching and grasping produced by local inactivation within the forelimb representation of the motor cortex in the cat
    • Martin, J.H. and Ghez, C., Differential impairments in reaching and grasping produced by local inactivation within the forelimb representation of the motor cortex in the cat, Exp. Brain Res., 94, 429, 1993.
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.94 , pp. 429
    • Martin, J.H.1    Ghez, C.2
  • 3
    • 0028090770 scopus 로고
    • Arpeggio and fractionated digit movements used in prehension by rats
    • Whishaw, I.Q. and Gorny, B., Arpeggio and fractionated digit movements used in prehension by rats, Behav. Brain Res., 60, 15, 1994.
    • (1994) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.60 , pp. 15
    • Whishaw, I.Q.1    Gorny, B.2
  • 4
    • 0037083606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of hand motion during grasping and the influence of sensory guidance
    • Santello, M., Flanders, M., and Soechting, J.F., Patterns of hand motion during grasping and the influence of sensory guidance, J. Neurosci., 22, 14262, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 14262
    • Santello, M.1    Flanders, M.2    Soechting, J.F.3
  • 6
    • 0031055231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory and sequential motor control in piano playing
    • Engel, K.C., Flanders, M., and Soechting, J.F., Anticipatory and sequential motor control in piano playing, Exp. Brain Res., 113, 189, 1997.
    • (1997) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.113 , pp. 189
    • Engel, K.C.1    Flanders, M.2    Soechting, J.F.3
  • 7
    • 0031040136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexibility and repeatability of finger movements during typing: Analysis of multiple degrees of freedom
    • Soechting, J.F. and Flanders, M., Flexibility and repeatability of finger movements during typing: analysis of multiple degrees of freedom, J. Comp. Neurosci., 4, 29, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Comp. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 29
    • Soechting, J.F.1    Flanders, M.2
  • 8
    • 0034668773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the independence of human finger movements: Comparisons of digits, hands and movement frequencies
    • Hager-Ross, C.K. and Schieber, M.H., Quantifying the independence of human finger movements: Comparisons of digits, hands and movement frequencies, J. Neurosci., 20, 8542, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 8542
    • Hager-Ross, C.K.1    Schieber, M.H.2
  • 9
    • 0034683217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independence of force production by digits of the human hand
    • Reilly, K.T. and Hammond, G.R., Independence of force production by digits of the human hand, Neurosci. Lett., 290, 53, 2000.
    • (2000) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.290 , pp. 53
    • Reilly, K.T.1    Hammond, G.R.2
  • 10
    • 0025870147 scopus 로고
    • Individuated finger movements of rhesus monkeys: A means of quantifying the independence of the digits
    • Schieber, M.H., Individuated finger movements of rhesus monkeys: a means of quantifying the independence of the digits, J. Neurophysiol., 65, 1381, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.65 , pp. 1381
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 11
    • 0034010283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enslaving effects in multi-finger force production
    • Zatsiorsky, V.M., Li, Z.M., and Latash, M.L., Enslaving effects in multi-finger force production, Exp. Brain Res., 131, 187, 2000.
    • (2000) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.131 , pp. 187
    • Zatsiorsky, V.M.1    Li, Z.M.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 12
    • 0014259748 scopus 로고
    • The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. I. The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions
    • Lawrence, D.G. and Kuypers, H.G., The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. I. The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions, Brain, 91, 1, 1968.
    • (1968) Brain , vol.91 , pp. 1
    • Lawrence, D.G.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 13
    • 0032862331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatotopic gradients in the distributed organization of the human primary motor cortex hand area: Evidence from small infarcts
    • Schieber, M.H., Somatotopic gradients in the distributed organization of the human primary motor cortex hand area: evidence from small infarcts, Exp. Brain Res., 128, 139, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.128 , pp. 139
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 14
    • 0041315446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential impairment of individuated finger movements in humans after damage to the motor cortex or the corticospinal tract
    • Lang, C.E. and Schieber, M.H., Differential impairment of individuated finger movements in humans after damage to the motor cortex or the corticospinal tract, J. Neurophysiol., 90, 1160, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.90 , pp. 1160
    • Lang, C.E.1    Schieber, M.H.2
  • 15
    • 0025094432 scopus 로고
    • How might the motor cortex individuate movements?
    • Schieber, M.H., How might the motor cortex individuate movements? Trends Neurosci., 13, 440, 1990.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 440
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 16
    • 0027162326 scopus 로고
    • The functional significance of the long extensors and juncturae tendinum in finger extension
    • von Schroeder, H.P. and Botte, M.J., The functional significance of the long extensors and juncturae tendinum in finger extension, J. Hand Surg. Am. Vol., 18, 641, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Hand Surg. Am. Vol. , vol.18 , pp. 641
    • von Schroeder, H.P.1    Botte, M.J.2
  • 18
    • 0001953236 scopus 로고
    • Interdependent and independent actions of the fingers
    • Tubania, R., Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia
    • Fahrer, M., Interdependent and independent actions of the fingers, in The Hand, Tubania, R., Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1981, 399.
    • (1981) The Hand , pp. 399
    • Fahrer, M.1
  • 19
    • 0027262546 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic regions of the multitendoned extrinsic finger muscles in the monkey forearm
    • Serlin, D.M. and Schieber, M.H., Morphologic regions of the multitendoned extrinsic finger muscles in the monkey forearm, Acta Anat., 146, 255, 1993.
    • (1993) Acta Anat. , vol.146 , pp. 255
    • Serlin, D.M.1    Schieber, M.H.2
  • 20
    • 0035869353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tension distribution to the five digits of the hand by neuromuscular compartments in the macaque flexor digitorum profundus
    • Schieber, M.H., Gardinier, J., and Liu, J., Tension distribution to the five digits of the hand by neuromuscular compartments in the macaque flexor digitorum profundus, J. Neurosci., 21, 2150, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 2150
    • Schieber, M.H.1    Gardinier, J.2    Liu, J.3
  • 21
    • 0028835912 scopus 로고
    • Muscular production of individuated finger movements: The roles of extrinsic finger muscles
    • Schieber, M.H., Muscular production of individuated finger movements: the roles of extrinsic finger muscles, J. Neurosci., 15, 284, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 284
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 22
    • 0142059002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete functional subdivision of the human multitendoned finger muscle flexor digitorum profundus: An electromyographic study
    • Reilly, K.T. and Schieber, M.H., Incomplete functional subdivision of the human multitendoned finger muscle flexor digitorum profundus: an electromyographic study, J. Neurophysiol., 90, 2560, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.90 , pp. 2560
    • Reilly, K.T.1    Schieber, M.H.2
  • 25
    • 0025826301 scopus 로고
    • Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb. V. The roles of histochemical fiber-type regionalization and mechanical heterogeneity in differential muscle activation
    • Chanaud, C.M., Pratt, C.A., and Loeb, G.E., Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb. V. The roles of histochemical fiber-type regionalization and mechanical heterogeneity in differential muscle activation, Exp. Brain Res., 85, 300, 1991.
    • (1991) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.85 , pp. 300
    • Chanaud, C.M.1    Pratt, C.A.2    Loeb, G.E.3
  • 26
    • 0027426776 scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalization of muscles and their motor nuclei: The partitioning hypothesis
    • English, A.W., Wolf, S.L., and Segal, R.L., Compartmentalization of muscles and their motor nuclei: the partitioning hypothesis, Phys. Ther., 73, 857, 1993.
    • (1993) Phys. Ther. , vol.73 , pp. 857
    • English, A.W.1    Wolf, S.L.2    Segal, R.L.3
  • 27
    • 0027431857 scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic evidence of two functional subdivisions in the rhesus monkey’s flexor digitorum profundus
    • Schieber, M.H., Electromyographic evidence of two functional subdivisions in the rhesus monkey’s flexor digitorum profundus, Exp. Brain Res., 95, 251, 1993.
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.95 , pp. 251
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 28
    • 0031054672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tension distribution of single motor units in multitendoned muscles: Comparison of a homologous digit muscle in cats and monkeys
    • Schieber, M.H., Chua, M., Petit, J., and Hunt, C.C., Tension distribution of single motor units in multitendoned muscles: comparison of a homologous digit muscle in cats and monkeys, J. Neurosci., 17, 1734, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 1734
    • Schieber, M.H.1    Chua, M.2    Petit, J.3    Hunt, C.C.4
  • 29
    • 0242363197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of intertendinous connections in distribution of force in the human extensor digitorum muscle
    • Keen, D.A. and Fuglevand, A.J., Role of intertendinous connections in distribution of force in the human extensor digitorum muscle, Muscle Nerve, 28, 614, 2003.
    • (2003) Muscle Nerve , vol.28 , pp. 614
    • Keen, D.A.1    Fuglevand, A.J.2
  • 30
    • 0037101926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the forces produced by motor unit activity in the human flexor digitorum profundus
    • Kilbreath, S.L., Gorman, R.B., Raymond, J., and Gandevia, S.C., Distribution of the forces produced by motor unit activity in the human flexor digitorum profundus, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 543 Pt. 1, 289, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.543 , pp. 289
    • Kilbreath, S.L.1    Gorman, R.B.2    Raymond, J.3    Gandevia, S.C.4
  • 31
    • 0019498646 scopus 로고
    • Divergent projection of individual corticospinal axons to motoneurons of multiple muscles in the monkey
    • Shinoda, Y., Yokota, J., and Futami, T., Divergent projection of individual corticospinal axons to motoneurons of multiple muscles in the monkey, Neurosci. Lett., 23, 7, 1981.
    • (1981) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 7
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Yokota, J.2    Futami, T.3
  • 32
    • 0018933987 scopus 로고
    • Postspike facilitation of forelimb muscle activity by primate corticomotoneuronal cells
    • Fetz, E.E. and Cheney, P.D., Postspike facilitation of forelimb muscle activity by primate corticomotoneuronal cells, J. Neurophysiol., 44, 751, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.44 , pp. 751
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Cheney, P.D.2
  • 33
    • 0022924473 scopus 로고
    • Selective facilitation of different hand muscles by single corticospinal neurones in the conscious monkey
    • Buys, E.J., Lemon, R.N., Mantel, G.W., and Muir, R.B., Selective facilitation of different hand muscles by single corticospinal neurones in the conscious monkey, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 381, 529, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.381 , pp. 529
    • Buys, E.J.1    Lemon, R.N.2    Mantel, G.W.3    Muir, R.B.4
  • 34
    • 0026087981 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the degree of synchronization exhibited by motor units lying in different finger muscles in man
    • Bremner, F.D., Baker, J.R., and Stephens, J.A., Variation in the degree of synchronization exhibited by motor units lying in different finger muscles in man, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 432, 381, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.432 , pp. 381
    • Bremner, F.D.1    Baker, J.R.2    Stephens, J.A.3
  • 35
    • 0028101353 scopus 로고
    • Limited independent flexion of the thumb and fingers in human subjects
    • Kilbreath, S.L. and Gandevia, S.C., Limited independent flexion of the thumb and fingers in human subjects, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 479, 487, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.479 , pp. 487
    • Kilbreath, S.L.1    Gandevia, S.C.2
  • 36
    • 0018385173 scopus 로고
    • Spinal branching of pyramidal tract neurons in the monkey
    • Shinoda,.Y., Zarzecki, P., and Asanuma, H., Spinal branching of pyramidal tract neurons in the monkey, Exp. Brain Res., 34, 59, 1979.
    • (1979) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.34 , pp. 59
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Zarzecki, P.2    Asanuma, H.3
  • 37
    • 0031739639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticomotoneuronal postspike effects in shoulder, elbow, wrist, digit, and intrinsic hand muscles during a reach and prehension task
    • McKiernan, B.J., Marcario, J.K., Karrer, J.H., and Cheney, P.D., Corticomotoneuronal postspike effects in shoulder, elbow, wrist, digit, and intrinsic hand muscles during a reach and prehension task, J. Neurophysiol., 80, 1961, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 1961
    • McKiernan, B.J.1    Marcario, J.K.2    Karrer, J.H.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 38
    • 0016433382 scopus 로고
    • Mapping by microstimulation of overlapping projections from area 4 to motor units of the baboon’s hand
    • Andersen, P., Hagan, P.J., Phillips, C.G., and Powell, T.P., Mapping by microstimulation of overlapping projections from area 4 to motor units of the baboon’s hand, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 188, 31, 1975.
    • (1975) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.188 , pp. 31
    • Andersen, P.1    Hagan, P.J.2    Phillips, C.G.3    Powell, T.P.4
  • 39
    • 0026504373 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: Representation of digit, wrist, and elbow muscles
    • Donoghue, J.P., Leibovic, S., and Sanes, J.N., Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: representation of digit, wrist, and elbow muscles, Exp. Brain Res., 89, 1, 1992.
    • (1992) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.89 , pp. 1
    • Donoghue, J.P.1    Leibovic, S.2    Sanes, J.N.3
  • 40
    • 0027266024 scopus 로고
    • How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area?
    • Schieber, M.H. and Hibbard, L.S., How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area? Science, 261, 489, 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 489
    • Schieber, M.H.1    Hibbard, L.S.2
  • 41
    • 0029054544 scopus 로고
    • Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex
    • Sanes, J.N., Donoghue, J.P., Thangaraj, V., Edelman, R.R., and Warach, S., Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex, Science, 268, 1775, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1775
    • Sanes, J.N.1    Donoghue, J.P.2    Thangaraj, V.3    Edelman, R.R.4    Warach, S.5
  • 42
    • 0037384797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional somatotopy of finger representations in human primary motor cortex
    • Dechent, P. and Frahm, J., Functional somatotopy of finger representations in human primary motor cortex, Hum. Brain Mapp., 18, 272, 2003.
    • (2003) Hum. Brain Mapp. , vol.18 , pp. 272
    • Dechent, P.1    Frahm, J.2
  • 43
    • 0030721673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatotopy in the human motor cortex hand area. A high-resolution functional MRI study
    • Kleinschmidt, A., Nitschke, M.F., and Frahm, J., Somatotopy in the human motor cortex hand area. A high-resolution functional MRI study, Eur. J. Neurosci., 9, 2178, 1997.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 2178
    • Kleinschmidt, A.1    Nitschke, M.F.2    Frahm, J.3
  • 44
    • 0032859487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of muscimol inactivation of small regions of motor and somatosensory cortex on independent finger movements and force control in the precision grip
    • Brochier, T., Boudreau, M.J., Paré, M., and Smith, A.M., The effects of muscimol inactivation of small regions of motor and somatosensory cortex on independent finger movements and force control in the precision grip, Exp. Brain Res., 128, 31, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.128 , pp. 31
    • Brochier, T.1    Boudreau, M.J.2    Paré, M.3    Smith, A.M.4
  • 45
    • 0029909601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical muscimol injection disrupts forelimb movement in freely moving monkeys
    • Kubota, K., Motor cortical muscimol injection disrupts forelimb movement in freely moving monkeys, NeuroReport, 7, 2379, 1996.
    • (1996) NeuroReport , vol.7 , pp. 2379
    • Kubota, K.1
  • 46
    • 0032211127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial inactivation of the primary motor cortex hand area: Effects on individuated finger movements
    • Schieber, M.H. and Poliakov, A.V., Partial inactivation of the primary motor cortex hand area: effects on individuated finger movements, J. Neurosci., 18, 9038, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 9038
    • Schieber, M.H.1    Poliakov, A.V.2
  • 47
    • 0035954352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predominant involvement of a particular group of fingers due to small, cortical infarction
    • Kim, J.S., Predominant involvement of a particular group of fingers due to small, cortical infarction, Neurology, 56, 1677, 2001.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1677
    • Kim, J.S.1
  • 48
    • 0033400228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited functional grouping of neurons in the motor cortex hand area during individuated finger movements: A cluster analysis
    • Poliakov, A.V. and Schieber, M.H., Limited functional grouping of neurons in the motor cortex hand area during individuated finger movements: a cluster analysis, J. Neurophysiol., 82, 3488, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.82 , pp. 3488
    • Poliakov, A.V.1    Schieber, M.H.2
  • 50
    • 85057661988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoding M1 neuron activity during multiple finger movements
    • BenHamed, S., Schieber, M.H., and Pouget, A., Decoding M1 neuron activity during multiple finger movements, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 27, 289.2, 2001.
    • (2001) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.27 , pp. 289.2
    • BenHamed, S.1    Schieber, M.H.2    Pouget, A.3
  • 51
    • 85057691183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of EMG activity by a pruned network of motor cortex neurons
    • Schieber, M.H., Reconstruction of EMG activity by a pruned network of motor cortex neurons, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 28, 563.3, 2002.
    • (2002) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.28 , pp. 563.3
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 52
    • 0032833917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precise spike synchronization in monkey motor cortex involved in preparation for movement
    • Grammont, F. and Riehle, A., Precise spike synchronization in monkey motor cortex involved in preparation for movement, Exp. Brain Res., 128, 118, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.128 , pp. 118
    • Grammont, F.1    Riehle, A.2
  • 53
    • 0028097086 scopus 로고
    • Synchronization in neuronal transmission and its importance for information processing
    • Abeles, M., Prut, Y., Bergman, H., and Vaadia, E., Synchronization in neuronal transmission and its importance for information processing, Progr. Brain Res., 102, 395, 1994.
    • (1994) Progr. Brain Res. , vol.102 , pp. 395
    • Abeles, M.1    Prut, Y.2    Bergman, H.3    Vaadia, E.4
  • 54
    • 0028921592 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of neuronal interactions in monkey cortex in relation to behavioural events
    • Vaadia, E. et al., Dynamics of neuronal interactions in monkey cortex in relation to behavioural events, Nature, 373, 515, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 515
    • Vaadia, E.1
  • 55
    • 0031790063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer simulation of post-spike facilitation in spiketriggered averages of rectified EMG
    • Baker, S.N. and Lemon, R.N., Computer simulation of post-spike facilitation in spiketriggered averages of rectified EMG, J. Neurophysiol., 80, 1391, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 1391
    • Baker, S.N.1    Lemon, R.N.2
  • 56
    • 0028238934 scopus 로고
    • The influence of single monkey cortico-motoneuronal cells at different levels of activity in target muscles
    • Bennett, K.M. and Lemon, R.N., The influence of single monkey cortico-motoneuronal cells at different levels of activity in target muscles, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 477 (Pt 2), 291, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.477 , pp. 291
    • Bennett, K.M.1    Lemon, R.N.2
  • 57
    • 0029090287 scopus 로고
    • Non-linear summation of responses in averages of rectified EMG
    • Baker, S.N. and Lemon, R.N., Non-linear summation of responses in averages of rectified EMG, J. Neurosci. Meth., 59, 175, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. Meth. , vol.59 , pp. 175
    • Baker, S.N.1    Lemon, R.N.2
  • 58
    • 0028106166 scopus 로고
    • Primate rubromotoneuronal cells: Parametric relations and contribution to wrist movement
    • Mewes, K. and Cheney, P.D., Primate rubromotoneuronal cells: parametric relations and contribution to wrist movement, J. Neurophysiol., 72, 14, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 14
    • Mewes, K.1    Cheney, P.D.2
  • 59
    • 0023879687 scopus 로고
    • Activity of primate magnocellular red nucleus related to hand and finger movements
    • Houk, J.C., Gibson, A.R., Harvey, C.F., Kennedy, P.R., and van Kan, P.L.E., Activity of primate magnocellular red nucleus related to hand and finger movements, Behav. Brain Res., 28, 201, 1988.
    • (1988) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.28 , pp. 201
    • Houk, J.C.1    Gibson, A.R.2    Harvey, C.F.3    Kennedy, P.R.4    van Kan, P.L.E.5
  • 60
    • 0031730291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of spinal interneurons and their effects on forearm muscles during voluntary wrist movements in the monkey
    • Perlmutter, S.I., Maier, M.A., and Fetz, E.E., Activity of spinal interneurons and their effects on forearm muscles during voluntary wrist movements in the monkey, J. Neurophysiol., 80, 2475, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 2475
    • Perlmutter, S.I.1    Maier, M.A.2    Fetz, E.E.3
  • 61
    • 0026689019 scopus 로고
    • Response patterns and postspike effects of peripheral afferents in dorsal root ganglia of behaving monkeys
    • Flament, D., Fortier, P.A., and Fetz, E.E., Response patterns and postspike effects of peripheral afferents in dorsal root ganglia of behaving monkeys, J. Neurophysiol., 67, 875, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.67 , pp. 875
    • Flament, D.1    Fortier, P.A.2    Fetz, E.E.3
  • 62
    • 0025788563 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of intrinsic connections to forelimb movement representations in monkey motor cortex: A correlative anatomic and physiological study
    • Huntley, G.W. and Jones, E.G., Relationship of intrinsic connections to forelimb movement representations in monkey motor cortex: a correlative anatomic and physiological study, J. Neurophysiol., 66, 390, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.66 , pp. 390
    • Huntley, G.W.1    Jones, E.G.2
  • 63
    • 0029160964 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of LTP induction in rat motor cortex in vitro
    • Aroniadou, V.A. and Keller, A., Mechanisms of LTP induction in rat motor cortex in vitro, Cereb. Cortex, 5, 353, 1995.
    • (1995) Cereb. Cortex , vol.5 , pp. 353
    • Aroniadou, V.A.1    Keller, A.2
  • 64
    • 33644683234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening of horizontal cortical connections following skill learning
    • Rioult-Pedotti, M.S., Friedman, D., Hess, G., and Donoghue, J.P., Strengthening of horizontal cortical connections following skill learning, Nat. Neurosci., 1, 230, 1998.
    • (1998) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 230
    • Rioult-Pedotti, M.S.1    Friedman, D.2    Hess, G.3    Donoghue, J.P.4
  • 65
    • 0029902028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptogenesis and Fos expression in the motor cortex of the adult rat after motor skill learning
    • Kleim, J.A., Lussnig, E., Schwarz, E.R., Comery, T.A., and Greenough, W.T., Synaptogenesis and Fos expression in the motor cortex of the adult rat after motor skill learning, J. Neurosci., 16, 4529, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 4529
    • Kleim, J.A.1    Lussnig, E.2    Schwarz, E.R.3    Comery, T.A.4    Greenough, W.T.5
  • 66
    • 0029028097 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills
    • Pascual-Leone, A., Nguyet, D., Cohen, L.G., Brasil-Neto, J.P., Cammarota, A., and Hallett, M., Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills, J. Neurophysiol., 74, 1037, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.74 , pp. 1037
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Nguyet, D.2    Cohen, L.G.3    Brasil-Neto, J.P.4    Cammarota, A.5    Hallett, M.6
  • 67
    • 0034235545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of repetitive motor training on movement representations in adult squirrel monkeys: Role of use versus learning
    • Plautz, E.J., Milliken, G.W., and Nudo, R.J., Effects of repetitive motor training on movement representations in adult squirrel monkeys: role of use versus learning, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 74, 27, 2000.
    • (2000) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , vol.74 , pp. 27
    • Plautz, E.J.1    Milliken, G.W.2    Nudo, R.J.3
  • 68
    • 0036662783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training and synchrony in the motor system
    • Schieber, M.H., Training and synchrony in the motor system, J. Neurosci., 22, 5277, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 5277
    • Schieber, M.H.1
  • 69
    • 0018535002 scopus 로고
    • Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation
    • Woolsey, C.N., Erickson, T.C., and Gilson, W.E., Localization in somatic sensory and motor areas of human cerebral cortex as determined by direct recording of evoked potentials and electrical stimulation, J. Neurosurg., 51, 476, 1979.
    • (1979) J. Neurosurg. , vol.51 , pp. 476
    • Woolsey, C.N.1    Erickson, T.C.2    Gilson, W.E.3
  • 70
    • 76949115989 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of localization in precentral and “supplementary” motor areas and their relation to the concept of a premotor area
    • Woolsey, C.N., Settlage, P.H., Meyer, D.R., Sencer, W., Hamuy, T.P., and Travis, A.M., Patterns of localization in precentral and “supplementary” motor areas and their relation to the concept of a premotor area, Res. Pub. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 30, 238, 1952.
    • (1952) Res. Pub. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.30 , pp. 238
    • Woolsey, C.N.1    Settlage, P.H.2    Meyer, D.R.3    Sencer, W.4    Hamuy, T.P.5    Travis, A.M.6
  • 71
    • 0023732834 scopus 로고
    • Organization of adult motor cortex representation patterns following neonatal forelimb nerve injury in rats
    • Donoghue, J.P. and Sanes, J.N., Organization of adult motor cortex representation patterns following neonatal forelimb nerve injury in rats, J. Neurosci., 8, 3221, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 3221
    • Donoghue, J.P.1    Sanes, J.N.2
  • 72
    • 0022547486 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys
    • Gould, H.J., Cusick, C.G., Pons, T.P., and Kaas, J.H., The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys, J. Comp. Neurol., 247, 297, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.247 , pp. 297
    • Gould, H.J.1    Cusick, C.G.2    Pons, T.P.3    Kaas, J.H.4
  • 73
    • 0018080681 scopus 로고
    • Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs
    • Kwan, H.C., MacKay, W.A., Murphy, J.T., and Wong, Y.C., Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs, J. Neurophysiol., 41, 1120, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.41 , pp. 1120
    • Kwan, H.C.1    MacKay, W.A.2    Murphy, J.T.3    Wong, Y.C.4
  • 74
    • 0035871367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques
    • Park, M.C., Belhaj-Saïf, A., Gordon, M., and Cheney, P.D., Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques, J. Neurosci., 21, 2784, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 2784
    • Park, M.C.1    Belhaj-Saïf, A.2    Gordon, M.3    Cheney, P.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.