Does stocking density modify affective state in pigs as assessed by cognitive bias, behavioural and physiological parameters?

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Volumn 153, Issue , 2014, Pages 26-35

  Scollo, Annalisa ^a,b   Gottardo, Flaviana ^b   Contiero, Barbara ^b   Edwards, Sandra A ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Behaviour; Cognitive bias; Learning; Pig; Stocking density; Welfare

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ANIMAL WELFARE; GROWTH; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LEARNING; PIG; POSTURE; REARING; SKIN; STOCKING DENSITY; TRAINING;

ANIMALIA; SUIDAE;

EID: 84895921511     PISSN: 01681591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abou-Ismail U.A., Burman O.H.P., Nicol C.J., Mendl M. Can sleep behaviour be used as an indicator of stress in group-housed rats (Rattus norvegicus)?. Anim. Welfare 2007, 16:185-188.
2. Altmann J. Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour 1974, 49:227-265.
3. Anil L., Anil S.S., Deen J. Effects of allometric space allowance and weight group composition on grower-finisher pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 2007, 87:139-151.
4. Averós X., Brossard L., Dourmad J.Y., de Greef K.H., Edge H.L., Edwards S.A., Meunier-Salaün M.C. Quantitative assessment of the effects of space allowance, group size and floor characteristics on the lying behaviour of growing-finishing pigs. Animal 2010, 4:777-783.
5. Bateson M., Matheson S.M. Performance on a categorisation task suggests that removal of environmental enrichment induces 'pessimism' in captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Anim. Welfare 2007, 16:33-36.
6. Beattie V.E., Walker N., Sneddon I.A. An investigation of the effect of environmental enrichment and space allowance on the behaviour and production of growing pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1996, 48:151-158.
7. Broom D.M., Johnson K.G. Stress and Animal Welfare 1993, Chapman and Hall Behaviour Series, London.
8. Burman O.H.P., Ilyat A., Jones G., Mendl M. Ultrasonic vocalizations as indicators of welfare for laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2007, 104:116-129.
9. Burman O.H.P., Parker R., Paul E.S., Mendl M. A spatial judgement task to determine background emotional state in laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus. Anim. Behav. 2008, 76:801-809.
10. Cavanagh J.F., Frank M.J., Allen J.J.B. Social stress reactivity alters reward and punishment learning. SCAN 2011, 6:311-320.
11. Clouard C., Chataignier M., Meunier-Salaün M.C., Val-Laillet D. Flavour preference acquired via a beverage-induced conditioning and its transposition to solid food: sucrose but not maltodextrin or saccharin induced significant flavour preferences in pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2012, 136:26-36.
12. Conrad C.D. A critical review of chronic stress effects on spatial learning and memory. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. 2010, 34:742-755.
13. Council of The European Union Council Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs. Off. J. 2008, L316:36-38. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:047:0005:0013:EN:PDF.
14. Cryan J.F., Mombereau C. In search of a depressed mouse: utility of models for studying depression-related behavior in genetically modified mice. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9:326-357.
15. Dawkins M.S. Through animal eyes: what behaviour tells us. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2006, 100:4-10.
16. Dawkins M.S. How can we recognize and assess good welfare?. Coping with Challenge: Welfare in Animals Including Humans 2001, 63-76. Dahlem University Press, Berlin.
17. Dedovic K., D'aguiar C., Pruessner J.C. What stress does to your brain: a review of neuroimaging studies. Can. J. Psychiatry 2009, 54:6-15.
18. de Jong I.C., Prelle I.T., van de Burgwal J.A., Lambooij E., Korte S.M., Blokhuis H.J., Koolhaas J.M. Effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral responses to novelty, learning, and memory, and the circadian rhythm in cortisol in growing pigs. Physiol. Behav. 2000, 68:571-578.
19. Donohue H.S., Gabbott P.L., Davies H.A., Rodriguez J.J., Cordero M.I., Sandi C., Medvedev N.I., Popov V.I., Colyer F.M., Peddie C.J., Stewart M.G. Chronic restraint stress induces changes in synapse morphology in stratum lacunosum-moleculare CA1 rat hippocampus: a stereological and three-dimensional ultrastructural study. Neuroscience 2006, 140:597-606.
20. Douglas C., Bateson M., Walsh C., Bedue A., Edwards S.A. Environmental enrichment induces optimistic cognitive biases in pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2012, 100:4-10.
21. EFSA AHAW panel The welfare of weaners and rearing pigs: effects of different space allowances and floor types EFSA-Q-2004-077. Annex EFSA J. 2005, 268:1-19.
22. EFSA AHAW panel Statement on the use of animal-based measures to assess the welfare of animals. EFSA J. 2012, 10:27-67.
23. European Commission Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee on the European Union Strategy for the Protection and Welfare of Animals 2012, 2012-2015. http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/index_en.htm.
24. Ghiglieri O., Gambarana C., Scheggi S., Tagliamonte A., Willner P., De Montis M.G. Palatable food induces an appetitive behaviour in satiated rats which can be inhibited by chronic stress. Behav. Pharmacol. 1997, 8:619-628.
25. Gonyou H.W., Brumm M.C., Bush E., Deen J., Edwards S.A., Fangman T., McGlone J.J., Meunier-Salaun M., Morrison R.B., Spoolder H., Sundberg P.L., Johnson A.K. Application of broken-line analysis to assess floor space requirements of nursery and grower-finisher pigs expressed on an allometric basis. J. Anim. Sci. 2006, 84:229-235.
26. Harding E.J., Paul E.S., Mendl M. Animal behavior-cognitive bias and affective state. Nature 2004, 427:312.
27. Held S., Mendl M., Laughlin K., Byrne R.W. Cognition studies with pigs: livestock cognition and its implication for production. J. Anim. Sci. 2002, 80:10-17.
28. Ishitobi Y., Akiyoshi J., Tanaka Y., Ando T., Okamoto S., Kanehisa M., Kohno K., Ninomiya T., Maruyama Y., Tsuru J., Kawano A., Hanada H., Isogawa K., Kodama K. Elevated salivary α-amylase and cortisol levels in unremitted and remitted depressed patients. Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract.V 14 2010, 268-273.
29. Janczak A.M., Andersen I.L., Boe K.E., Faerevik G., Bakken M. Factor analysis of behaviour in the porcine and murine elevated plusmaze models of anxiety. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2002, 77:155-166.
30. Jensen P. An ethogram of social interaction pattern in group-housed dry sows. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 1980, 6:341-350.
31. Kornegay E.T., Lindemann M.D., Ravindran V. Effects of dietary lysine levels on performance and immune response of weanling pigs housed at two floor space allowances. J. Anim. Sci. 1993, 71:552-556.
32. Lawrence A.B. Applied animal behaviour science: past, present and future prospects. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2008, 115:1-24.
33. Manteuffel C., Schön P.C., Manteuffel G. Beyond electronic feeding: the implementation of call feeding for pregnant sows. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2011, 79:36-41.
34. Martin P., Bateson P. Measuring Behaviour: An Introductory Guide 2007, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. third ed.
35. McKittrick C.R., Magariños A.M., Blanchard D.C., Blanchard R.J., McEwen B.S., Sakai R.R. Chronic social stress reduces dendritic arbors in CA3 hippocampus and decreases binding to serotonin transporter sites. Synapse 2000, 36:85-94.
36. McLaughlin K.J., Baran S.E., Wright R.L., Conrad C.D. Chronic stress enhances spatial memory in ovariectomized female rats despite CA3 dendritic retraction: possible involvement of CA1 neurons. Neuroscience 2005, 135:1045-1054.
37. Mendl M., Brooks J., Basse C., Burman O., Paul E., Blackwell E., Casey R. Dogs showing separation-related behavior exhibit a 'pessimistic' cognitive bias. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:839-840.
38. Mendl M., Burman O.H.P., Parker R.M.A., Paul E.S. Cognitive bias as an indicator of animal emotion and welfare: emerging evidence and underlying mechanisms. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2009, 118:161-181.
39. Mendl M., Paul E.S. Consciousness, emotion and animal welfare: insights from cognitive science. Anim. Welfare 2004, 13:17-25.
40. Meunier-Salaün M.C., Vantrimponte M.N., Raab A., Dantzer R. Effect of floor area restriction upon performance, behavior and physiology of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 1987, 64:1371-1377.
41. Paul E.S., Harding E.J., Mendl M. Measuring emotional processes in animals: the utility of a cognitive approach. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:469-491.
42. Pearce G.P., Paterson A.M., Pearce A.N. The influence of pleasant and unpleasant handling and the provision of toys on the growth and behaviour of male pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1989, 23:27-37.
43. Pearce G.P., Paterson A.M. The effect of space restriction and provision of toys during rearing on the behaviour, productivity and physiology of male pigs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1993, 36:11-28.
44. Petherick J.C. A note on allometric relationships in large white×Landrace pigs. Anim. Prod. 1983, 36:497-500.
45. Rolls E.T. Emotion Explained 2005, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
46. Salimetrics Europe Ltd. High Sensitivity Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit, for research use only. Item 1-3002 2012, Salimetrics Europe Ltd., http://www.salimetrics.com/documents/1-3002.pdf (last accessed on 15 November 2013).
47. Salimetrics Europe Ltd. Salivary α-Amylase Kinetic Enzyme Assay Kit, for research use only. Item 1-1902 2012, Salimetrics Europe Ltd., http://www.salimetrics.com/documents/1-1902.pdf (last accessed on 15 November 2013).
48. Shettleworth S.J. Cognition, Evolution and Behavior 1998, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
49. Sutherland M.A., Niekamp S.R., Rodriguez-Zas S.L., Salak-Johnson J.L. Impacts of chronic stress and social status on various physiological and performance measures in pigs of different breeds. J. Anim. Sci. 2006, 84:588-596.
50. Thorpe C.M., Petrovic V., Wilkie D.M. How rats process spatiotemporal information in the face of distraction. Behav. Processes 2002, 58:79-90.
51. Turner S.P., Ewen M., Rooke J.A., Edwards S.A. The effect of space allowance on performance, aggression and immune competence of growing pigs housed on straw deeplitter at different group sizes. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2000, 66:47-55.
52. Uno H., Tarara R., Else J.G., Suleman M.A., Sapolsky R.M. Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates. J. Neurosci. 1989, 9:1705-1711.
53. Van Praag H., Kempermann G., Gage F.H. Neural consequences of environmental enrichment. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 1:191-198.
54. Von Borrell E. Comparative cortisol analysis from the blood of conventionally kept and early weaned piglets in flat decks with different pen sizes and floor types. Masters Thesis 1984, University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim.
55. Waitt C., Buchanan-Smith H.M. What time is feeding? How delays and anticipation of feeding schedules affect stump-tailed macaque behavior. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 2001, 75:75-85.
56. Warnier A., Zayan R. Effects of confinement upon behavioural, hormonal response and production indices in fattening pigs. Social Space for Domestic Animals 1985, 128-150. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht. R. Zayan (Ed.).
57. Weng R.C., Edwards S.A., English P.R. Behaviour, social interactions and lesion scores of group-hosed sows in relation to floor space allowance. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 1998, 59:307-316.
58. Wood E.R., Dudchenko P.A., Eichenbaum H. The global record of memory in hippocampal neuronal activity. Nature 1999, 397:613-616.
59. Wood-Gush D.G.M., Beilharz R.G. The enrichment of a bare environment for animals in confined conditions. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 1983, 10:209-217.
60. Wright R.L., Conrad C.D. Enriched environment prevents chronic stress-induced spatial learning and memory deficits. Behav. Brain Res. 2008, 187:41-47.
61. Young R.J. Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals 2003, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.