Leading from the back: Roy Wilkins's leadership of the NAACP

Long is The Way and Hard: One Hundred Years of the NAACP

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 43-58

  Ryan, Yvonne ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84894930995     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (45)

1. Manfred Berg, The Ticket to Freedom: The NAACP and the Struggle for Black Political Integration (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2005).
2. Kenneth Robert Janken, White: The Biography of Walter White, Mr. NAACP (New York: New Press, 2003).
3. August Meier, "Standing Fast, The Autobiography of Roy Wilkins, " Journal of Southern History 49, no. 2 (May 1983): 326-27.
4. Charles L. Sanders, "A Frank Interview with Roy Wilkins, " Ebony, 1972.
5. Martin Arnold, "There is no Rest for Roy Wilkins, " New York Times, September 28, 1969.
6. Arnold, "There is no Rest for Roy Wilkins, " 40.
7. Roy Wilkins with Tom Mathews, Standing Fast: The Autobiography of Roy Wilkins (New York: Penguin Books, 1984), 30.
8. Albin Krebs, "Roy Wilkins, 50-Year Veteran Of Civil Rights Fight, Is Dead, " New York Times, September 9, 1981.
9. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 36, 53.
10. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 116.
11. Janken, White, 262.
12. Adam Fairclough, Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000 (London: Penguin Books, 2001), 184.
13. Fairclough, Better Day Coming, 184.
14. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 189.
15. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 210.
16. Mathews, Standing Fast, 214.
17. Adam Fairclough, Race and Democracy: The Civil Rights Struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1971 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), 196-233.
18. Gilbert Jonas, Freedom's Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle against Racism in America, 1909-1969 (New York: Routledge, 2005), 305.
19. Juan Williams, Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary (New York: Times Books, 1998), 244.
20. Williams, Thurgood Marshall, 250, 190.
21. Denton L. Watson, The Lion in the Lobby: Clarence Mitchell Jr.'s Struggle for the Passage of Civil Rights Laws (New York: Morrow, 1990), 184-185, 273-74.
22. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 222.
23. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 221.
24. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 237-38.
25. Paul Jacobs, "The NAACP's New Direction, " New Republic, July 16, 1956, 9-11.
26. "NAACP Opens 47th Meeting, " Washington Post and Times Herald, June 27, 1956, 32.
27. Jimmy Booker, New York Amsterdam News, May 12, 1956.
28. Jimmy Booker, New York Amsterdam News, May 12, 1956.
29. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 238.
30. Claude Lewis, "Wilkins, Master Rights Strategist, " New York Times, March 28, 1965.
31. Martin Arnold, "No Rest for Roy Wilkins, " New York Times, September 28, 1969, 40.
32. Watson, Lion in the Lobby, 606.
33. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 289.
34. Watson, Lion in the Lobby, 620.
35. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 302.
36. M. S. Handler, "NAACP to Help Implement Laws, " New York Times, July 4, 1965.
37. Kevin L Yuill, "The 1966 White House Conference on Civil Rights, " Historical Journal 41, no. 1 (March 1998): 259.
38. Wilkins and Mathews, Standing Fast, 315.
39. Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), 207.
40. Adam Fairclough, To Redeem the South of America: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001), 314.
41. David Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (New York: Quill, 1986), 476-77.
42. Kwame Ture and Charles V. Hamilton, Black Power: The Politics of Liberation (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 44-46.
43. Manfred Berg, "Guns, Butter and Civil Rights, " in Aspects of War in American History, ed. David K. Adams and Cornelis A. Van Minnen (Keele: Keele University Press, 1997), 231.
44. Jacqueline Trescott, "End of an Epoch, " Washington Post, June 29, 1977, C1.
45. Melvin Drimmer, "Roy Wilkins and the American Dream: A Review Essay, " Phylon (1984): 160.