메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 2714-2734

The regional climate impact of a realistic future deforestation scenario in the congo basin

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEFORESTATION; GREENHOUSE GASES; RAIN;

EID: 84894450248     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00361.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0037047588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests
    • doi:10.1126/science.1070656
    • Achard, F., H. Eva, H. Stibig, P. Mayaux, J. Gallego, T. Richards, and J. Malingreau, 2002: Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests. Science, 297, 999-1002, doi:10.1126/science.1070656.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 999-1002
    • Achard, F.1    Eva, H.2    Stibig, H.3    Mayaux, P.4    Gallego, J.5    Richards, T.6    Malingreau, J.7
  • 2
    • 84861116463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and comparison of two soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer models for tropical Africa
    • doi:10.1029/ 2011JG001802
    • Akkermans, T., and Coauthors, 2012: Validation and comparison of two soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer models for tropical Africa. J. Geophys. Res., 117, G02013, doi:10.1029/ 2011JG001802.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Akkermans, T.1
  • 3
    • 84889881568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying successional land cover after clearing of tropical rainforest along forest frontiers in the Congo Basin
    • doi:10.1080/02723646.2013.855698
    • Akkermans, T., P. Moonen, B. Verbist, A. Van Rompaey, and N. Van Lipzig, 2013: Quantifying successional land cover after clearing of tropical rainforest along forest frontiers in the Congo Basin. Phys. Geogr., 34, 417-440, doi:10.1080/02723646.2013.855698.
    • (2013) Phys. Geogr. , vol.34 , pp. 417-440
    • Akkermans, T.1    Moonen, P.2    Verbist, B.3    Van Rompaey, A.4    Van Lipzig, N.5
  • 4
    • 33646431896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Documentation and validation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation system, version 4
    • NASA/TM-2005-104606, [Available online at
    • Bloom, S., and Coauthors, 2005: Documentation and validation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation system, version 4. NASA/TM-2005-104606, Vol. 26, 165 pp. [Available online at http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp? R520050175690.]
    • (2005) , vol.26 , pp. 165
    • Bloom, S.1
  • 5
    • 0012110271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications
    • Cambridge University Press,
    • Bonan, G. B., 2002: Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 678 pp.
    • (2002) , pp. 678
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 6
    • 45849092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests
    • doi:10.1126/science.1155121
    • Bonan, G. B., 2008: Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science, 320, 1444-1449, doi:10.1126/science.1155121.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 7
    • 84880847556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of cassava to changing climates
    • Crop Adaptation to Climate Change S. S. Yadav et al., Eds., Wiley
    • Ceballos, H., J. Ramirez, A. C. Bellotti, A. Jarvis, and E. Alvarez, 2011: Adaptation of cassava to changing climates. Crop Adaptation to Climate Change, S. S. Yadav et al., Eds., Wiley, 411-425.
    • (2011) , pp. 411-425
    • Ceballos, H.1    Ramirez, J.2    Bellotti, A.C.3    Jarvis, A.4    Alvarez, E.5
  • 8
    • 0042202861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressing impacts of the Amazonian deforestation by the global circulation change
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082,2209:SIOTAD.2.3.CO;2
    • Chen, T.-C., J.-H. Yoon, K. J. St Croix, and E. S. Takle, 2001: Suppressing impacts of the Amazonian deforestation by the global circulation change. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2209-2216, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082,2209:SIOTAD.2.3.CO;2.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.82 , pp. 2209-2216
    • Chen, T.-C.1    Yoon, J.-H.2    St Croix, K.J.3    Takle, E.S.4
  • 9
    • 35348998346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate projections
    • Climate Change, 2007: S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Christensen, J. H., and Coauthors, 2007: Regional climate projections. Climate Change, 2007: The Physical Science Basis. S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 847-940.
    • (2007) The Physical Science Basis , pp. 847-940
    • Christensen, J.H.1
  • 10
    • 0028579283 scopus 로고
    • Detecting climate change concurrent with deforestation in the Amazon basin: Which way has it gone? Bull
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075,0579:DCCCWD.2.0.CO;2
    • Chu, P.-S., Z.-P. Yu, and S. Hastenrath, 1994: Detecting climate change concurrent with deforestation in the Amazon basin: Which way has it gone? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 579-583, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075,0579:DCCCWD.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1994) Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 579-583
    • Chu, P.-S.1    Yu, Z.-P.2    Hastenrath, S.3
  • 11
    • 0035866877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large-scale land cover change
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL012471
    • Claussen, M., V. Brovkin, and A. Ganopolski, 2001: Biogeophysical versus biogeochemical feedbacks of large-scale land cover change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28 (6), 1011-1014, doi:10.1029/2000GL012471.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1011-1014
    • Claussen, M.1    Brovkin, V.2    Ganopolski, A.3
  • 12
    • 77949333997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic impact of global-scale deforestation: Radiative versus nonradiative processes
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3102.1
    • Davin, E. L., and N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, 2010: Climatic impact of global-scale deforestation: Radiative versus nonradiative processes. J. Climate, 23, 97-112, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3102.1.
    • (2010) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 97-112
    • Davin, E.L.1    Noblet-Ducoudré, N.2
  • 13
    • 80355133518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COSMO-CLM2: A new version of the COSMO-CLM model coupled to the Community Land Model
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1019-z
    • Davin, E. L., R. Stöckli, E. Jaeger, S. Levis, and S. Seneviratne, 2011: COSMO-CLM2: A new version of the COSMO-CLM model coupled to the Community Land Model. Climate Dyn., 37, 1889-1907, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1019-z.
    • (2011) Climate Dyn. , vol.37 , pp. 1889-1907
    • Davin, E.L.1    Stöckli, R.2    Jaeger, E.3    Levis, S.4    Seneviratne, S.5
  • 14
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • doi:10.1002/qj.828
    • Dee, D., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.1
  • 16
    • 0028573807 scopus 로고
    • Albedo as a modulator of climate response to tropical deforestation
    • doi:10.1029/94JD01311
    • Dirmeyer, P. A., and J. Shukla, 1994: Albedo as a modulator of climate response to tropical deforestation. J. Geophys. Res., 99 (D10), 20 863-20 877, doi:10.1029/94JD01311.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D10 , pp. 20863-20877
    • Dirmeyer, P.A.1    Shukla, J.2
  • 17
    • 84876880770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: From CMIP3 to CMIP5
    • Dufresne, J.-L., and Coauthors, 2013: Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: From CMIP3 to CMIP5. Climate Dyn., 40, 2123-2165.
    • (2013) Climate Dyn. , vol.40 , pp. 2123-2165
    • Dufresne, J.-L.1
  • 18
    • 0038606454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of deforestation on cloud cover over the Amazon arc of deforestation
    • doi:10.1016/ S0034-4257(03)00095-6
    • Durieux, L., L. A. T. Machado, and H. Laurent, 2003: The impact of deforestation on cloud cover over the Amazon arc of deforestation. Remote Sens. Environ., 86, 132-140, doi:10.1016/ S0034-4257(03)00095-6.
    • (2003) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.86 , pp. 132-140
    • Durieux, L.1    Machado, L.A.T.2    Laurent, H.3
  • 19
    • 84899928494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congo Basin forest cover change estimate for 1990, 2000 and 2005 by Landsat interpretation using an automated object-based processing chain
    • XXXVIII-4/C7,[Available online at .]
    • Ernst, C., and Coauthors, 2010: Congo Basin forest cover change estimate for 1990, 2000 and 2005 by Landsat interpretation using an automated object-based processing chain. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXVIII-4/C7, 1-6. [Available online at http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/xxxviii/4-C7/ pdf/ErnstC_126.pdf.]
    • (2010) The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , pp. 1-6
    • Ernst, C.1
  • 20
    • 0003825199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000: Main Report
    • U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO, [Available online at ]
    • FAO, 2000: Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000: Main Report. U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization, 479 pp. [Available online at http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra/2000/report/en/.]
    • (2000) , pp. 479
  • 21
    • 33745935168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak simulated extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3737.1
    • Findell, K. L., T. R. Knutson, and P. Milly, 2006: Weak simulated extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation. J. Climate, 19, 2835-2850, doi:10.1175/JCLI3737.1.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 2835-2850
    • Findell, K.L.1    Knutson, T.R.2    Milly, P.3
  • 22
    • 0006671391 scopus 로고
    • Secular changes in Costa Rican rainfall: Correlation with elevation
    • doi:10.1017/ S0266467400000638
    • Fleming, T. H., 1986: Secular changes in Costa Rican rainfall: Correlation with elevation. J. Trop. Ecol., 2, 87-91, doi:10.1017/ S0266467400000638.
    • (1986) J. Trop. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 87-91
    • Fleming, T.H.1
  • 23
    • 0031399751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic effects of Amazonian deforestation: Some results fromABRACOS
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078,0823: CEOADS.2.0.CO;2
    • Gash, J., and C. Nobre, 1997: Climatic effects of Amazonian deforestation: Some results fromABRACOS.Bull.Amer.Meteor. Soc., 78, 823-830, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078,0823: CEOADS.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1997) Bull.Amer.Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 823-830
    • Gash, J.1    Nobre, C.2
  • 25
    • 63449136584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of TERRA-ML with discharge measurements
    • doi:10.1127/ 0941-2948/2008/0334
    • Grasselt, R., D. Schuttemeyer, K. Warrach-Sagi, F. Ament, and C. Simmer, 2008: Validation of TERRA-ML with discharge measurements. Meteor. Z., 17 (6), 763-773, doi:10.1127/ 0941-2948/2008/0334.
    • (2008) Meteor. Z. , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 763-773
    • Grasselt, R.1    Schuttemeyer, D.2    Warrach-Sagi, K.3    Ament, F.4    Simmer, C.5
  • 26
    • 84896707401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated highresolution grids of monthly climatic observations-The CRU TS3.10 dataset
    • doi:10.1002/joc.3711
    • Harris, I., P. Jones, T. Osborn, and D. Lister, 2013: Updated highresolution grids of monthly climatic observations-The CRU TS3.10 dataset. Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.3711.
    • (2013) Int. J. Climatol
    • Harris, I.1    Jones, P.2    Osborn, T.3    Lister, D.4
  • 27
    • 0021569488 scopus 로고
    • Possible climatic impacts of land cover transformations, with particular emphasis on tropical deforestation
    • doi:10.1007/BF00142475
    • Henderson-Sellers, A., and V. Gornitz, 1984: Possible climatic impacts of land cover transformations, with particular emphasis on tropical deforestation. Climatic Change, 6, 231-257, doi:10.1007/BF00142475.
    • (1984) Climatic Change , vol.6 , pp. 231-257
    • Henderson-Sellers, A.1    Gornitz, V.2
  • 28
    • 33947356755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales
    • doi:10.1175/JHM560.1
    • Huffman, G., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55, doi:10.1175/JHM560.1.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 38-55
    • Huffman, G.1
  • 29
    • 0035880377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African climate change: 1900-2100
    • doi:10.3354/cr017145
    • Hulme, M., R. Doherty, T. Ngara, M. New, and D. Lister, 2001: African climate change: 1900-2100. Climate Res., 17, 145-168, doi:10.3354/cr017145.
    • (2001) Climate Res. , vol.17 , pp. 145-168
    • Hulme, M.1    Doherty, R.2    Ngara, T.3    New, M.4    Lister, D.5
  • 30
    • 80053899253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500-2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands
    • doi:10.1007/ s10584-011-0153-2
    • Hurtt, G., and Coauthors, 2011: Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500-2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands. Climatic Change, 109, 117-161, doi:10.1007/ s10584-011-0153-2.
    • (2011) Climatic Change , vol.109 , pp. 117-161
    • Hurtt, G.1
  • 31
    • 58049101915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of ERA40-driven CLM simulations for Europe
    • doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0301
    • Jaeger,E., I. Anders,D.Luthi,B.Rockel, C. Schar, and S. Seneviratne, 2008: Analysis of ERA40-driven CLM simulations for Europe. Meteor. Z., 17, 349-367, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0301.
    • (2008) Meteor. Z. , vol.17 , pp. 349-367
    • Jaeger, E.1    Anders, I.2    Luthi, D.3    Rockel, B.4    Schar, C.5    Seneviratne, S.6
  • 32
    • 84896950675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biophysical effects of forest management on surface temperature
    • Abstract EGU2012-4485-1. [Available online at ]
    • Jammet,M., B. Gielen, E.Moors, S. Rambal, D. Loustau, P. Stoy, and S. Luyssaert, 2012: Biophysical effects of forest management on surface temperature. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 14, Abstract EGU2012-4485-1. [Available online at http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2012/ EGU2012-4485-1.pdf.]
    • (2012) Geophysical Research Abstracts , vol.14
    • Jammet, M.1    Gielen, B.2    Moors, E.3    Rambal, S.4    Loustau, D.5    Stoy, P.6    Luyssaert, S.7
  • 33
    • 84922270278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations
    • doi:10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011
    • Jones, C., and Coauthors, 2011: The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations. Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 543-570, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.4 , pp. 543-570
    • Jones, C.1
  • 34
    • 38549101601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separating the effects of albedo from eco-physiological changes on surface temperature along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern United States
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL031296
    • Juang, J.-Y., G. Katul, M. Siqueira, P. Stoy, and K. Novick, 2007: Separating the effects of albedo from eco-physiological changes on surface temperature along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern United States. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21408, doi:10.1029/2007GL031296.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Juang, J.-Y.1    Katul, G.2    Siqueira, M.3    Stoy, P.4    Novick, K.5
  • 35
    • 80052534797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001566
    • Jung, M., and Coauthors, 2011: Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations. J. Geophys. Res., 116, G00J07, doi:10.1029/2010JG001566.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Jung, M.1
  • 36
    • 33645805222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3827.1
    • Jungclaus, J., and Coauthors, 2006: Ocean circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. J. Climate, 19, 3952-3972, doi:10.1175/JCLI3827.1.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3952-3972
    • Jungclaus, J.1
  • 37
    • 0035880387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central African forests, carbon and climate change
    • doi:10.3354/cr017229
    • Justice, C., D. Wilkie, Q. Zhang, J. Brunner, and C. Donoghue, 2001: Central African forests, carbon and climate change. Climate Res., 17, 229-246, doi:10.3354/cr017229.
    • (2001) Climate Res. , vol.17 , pp. 229-246
    • Justice, C.1    Wilkie, D.2    Zhang, Q.3    Brunner, J.4    Donoghue, C.5
  • 38
    • 84887829940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the West African monsoon system in the regional climate model COSMOCLM
    • doi:10.1002/joc.3702
    • Kothe, S., D. Lüthi, and B. Ahrens, 2014: Analysis of the West African monsoon system in the regional climate model COSMOCLM. Int. J. Climatol., 34, 481-493, doi:10.1002/joc.3702.
    • (2014) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.34 , pp. 481-493
    • Kothe, S.1    Lüthi, D.2    Ahrens, B.3
  • 39
    • 34548115203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration, soil evaporation, and canopy evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on land-atmosphere interaction
    • doi:10.1175/JHM596.1
    • Lawrence, D. M., P. E. Thornton, K. W. Oleson, and G. B. Bonan, 2007: The partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration, soil evaporation, and canopy evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on land-atmosphere interaction. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 862-880, doi:10.1175/JHM596.1.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 862-880
    • Lawrence, D.M.1    Thornton, P.E.2    Oleson, K.W.3    Bonan, G.B.4
  • 40
    • 34249797570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representing a newMODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 30).
    • doi:10.1029/2006JG000168
    • Lawrence, P. J., and T.N. Chase, 2007: Representing a newMODIS consistent land surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0). J. Geophys. Res., 112, G01023, doi:10.1029/2006JG000168.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Lawrence, P.J.1    Chase, T.N.2
  • 41
    • 0024837269 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation
    • doi:10.1038/342411a0
    • Lean, J., and D. Warrilow, 1989: Simulation of the regional climatic impact of Amazon deforestation. Nature, 342, 411-413, doi:10.1038/342411a0.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 411-413
    • Lean, J.1    Warrilow, D.2
  • 42
    • 33644903698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Le couvert forestier d'Afrique centrale: Un nouvel état des lieux
    • Mayaux, P., and J. P. Malingreau, 2001: Le couvert forestier d'Afrique centrale: Un nouvel état des lieux. Bull. Sci. Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer, 46, 475-486.
    • (2001) Bull. Sci. Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer , vol.46 , pp. 475-486
    • Mayaux, P.1    Malingreau, J.P.2
  • 43
    • 2342417732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ''realistic'' landcover change on a greenhouse-warmed African climate
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0371-z
    • Maynard, K., and J.-F. Royer, 2004: Effects of ''realistic'' landcover change on a greenhouse-warmed African climate. Climate Dyn., 22, 343-358, doi:10.1007/s00382-003-0371-z.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn. , vol.22 , pp. 343-358
    • Maynard, K.1    Royer, J.-F.2
  • 45
    • 0001669989 scopus 로고
    • Probable impact of deforestation on hydrological processes
    • doi:10.1007/ BF00142223
    • Meher-Homji, V., 1991: Probable impact of deforestation on hydrological processes. Climatic Change, 19, 163-173, doi:10.1007/ BF00142223.
    • (1991) Climatic Change , vol.19 , pp. 163-173
    • Meher-Homji, V.1
  • 46
    • 79551691989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global land-surface evaporation estimated from satellite-based observations
    • doi:10.5194/hess-15-453-2011
    • Miralles, D., T. Holmes, R. De Jeu, J. Gash, A. Meesters, and A. Dolman, 2011: Global land-surface evaporation estimated from satellite-based observations. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 453-469, doi:10.5194/hess-15-453-2011.
    • (2011) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 453-469
    • Miralles, D.1    Holmes, T.2    De Jeu, R.3    Gash, J.4    Meesters, A.5    Dolman, A.6
  • 47
    • 84867662459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change impact on Sub-Saharan Africa: An overview and analysis of scenarios and models
    • [Available online at ]
    • Müller, C., 2009: Climate change impact on Sub-Saharan Africa: An overview and analysis of scenarios and models. Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, 58 pp. [Available online at http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/ ?ots59150c54e3b3-1e9c-be1e-2c24-a6a8c7060233&lng5en&id5 101270.]
    • (2009) Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik , pp. 58
    • Müller, C.1
  • 49
    • 84873852106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Congo Basin deforestation on the African monsoon
    • doi:10.1002/asl2.416
    • Nogherotto, R., E. Coppola, F. Giorgi, and L. Mariotti, 2013: Impact of Congo Basin deforestation on the African monsoon. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 14, 45-51, doi:10.1002/asl2.416.
    • (2013) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.14 , pp. 45-51
    • Nogherotto, R.1    Coppola, E.2    Giorgi, F.3    Mariotti, L.4
  • 50
    • 77955920239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity in a forest-agriculturemosaic-The changing face of West African rainforests
    • doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.032
    • Norris, K., A. Asase, B. Collen, J. Gockowksi, J. Mason, B. Phalan, and A. Wade, 2010: Biodiversity in a forest-agriculturemosaic-The changing face of West African rainforests. Biol. Conserv., 143, 2341-2350, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.032.
    • (2010) Biol. Conserv. , vol.143 , pp. 2341-2350
    • Norris, K.1    Asase, A.2    Collen, B.3    Gockowksi, J.4    Mason, J.5    Phalan, B.6    Wade, A.7
  • 51
    • 0033975242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upscaling tropical deforestation: Implications for climate change
    • doi:10.1023/ A:1005531521525
    • O'Brien, K. L., 2000: Upscaling tropical deforestation: Implications for climate change. Climatic Change, 44, 311-329, doi:10.1023/ A:1005531521525.
    • (2000) Climatic Change , vol.44 , pp. 311-329
    • O'Brien, K.L.1
  • 52
    • 34848921893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical description of the Community Land Model (CLM)
    • doi:10.5065/D6N877R0.
    • Oleson, K., and Coauthors, 2004: Technical description of the Community Land Model (CLM). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/ TN-4611STR, 173 pp, doi:10.5065/D6N877R0.
    • (2004) NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/ TN-4611STR , pp. 173
    • Oleson, K.1
  • 53
    • 49849084949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle
    • doi:10.1029/2007JG000563
    • Oleson, K., and Coauthors, 2008: Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 113, G01021, doi:10.1029/2007JG000563.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Oleson, K.1
  • 54
    • 4544263785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of vegetation on the local climate and hydrology in the tropics: Sensitivity to soil parameters
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0421-1
    • Osborne, T., D. Lawrence, J. Slingo, A. Challinor, and T. Wheeler, 2004: Influence of vegetation on the local climate and hydrology in the tropics: Sensitivity to soil parameters. Climate Dyn., 23, 45-61, doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0421-1.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn. , vol.23 , pp. 45-61
    • Osborne, T.1    Lawrence, D.2    Slingo, J.3    Challinor, A.4    Wheeler, T.5
  • 55
    • 11244341181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionale Klimamodellierung zur Evaluation der Hauptfaktoren einer voraussichtlichen Klimäanderung in Afrika (Key factors in African climate change evaluated by a regional climate model)
    • doi:10.3112/ erdkunde.2004.04.02
    • Paeth, H., 2004: Regionale Klimamodellierung zur Evaluation der Hauptfaktoren einer voraussichtlichen Klimäanderung in Afrika (Key factors in African climate change evaluated by a regional climate model). Erdkunde, 58, 290-315, doi:10.3112/ erdkunde.2004.04.02.
    • (2004) Erdkunde , vol.58 , pp. 290-315
    • Paeth, H.1
  • 56
    • 34447108468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional modelling of future African climate north of 158S including greenhouse warming and land degradation
    • doi:10.1007/ s10584-006-9235-y
    • Paeth, H., and H.-P. Thamm, 2007: Regional modelling of future African climate north of 158S including greenhouse warming and land degradation. Climatic Change, 83, 401-427, doi:10.1007/ s10584-006-9235-y.
    • (2007) Climatic Change , vol.83 , pp. 401-427
    • Paeth, H.1    Thamm, H.-P.2
  • 57
    • 60749088281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional climate change in tropical and northern Africa due to greenhouse forcing and land use changes
    • doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2390.1
    • Paeth, H., K. Born, R. Girmes, R. Podzun, and D. Jacob, 2009: Regional climate change in tropical and northern Africa due to greenhouse forcing and land use changes. J. Climate, 22, 114-132, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2390.1.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 114-132
    • Paeth, H.1    Born, K.2    Girmes, R.3    Podzun, R.4    Jacob, D.5
  • 58
    • 79952028839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in regional downscaling of West African precipitation
    • doi:10.1002/asl.306
    • Paeth, H., and Coauthors, 2011: Progress in regional downscaling of West African precipitation. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 12, 75-82, doi:10.1002/asl.306.
    • (2011) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 75-82
    • Paeth, H.1
  • 59
    • 84930371670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling near future regional climate change for Germany and Africa
    • High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering '11, W. Nagel, D. Kröner, and M. Resch, Eds., Springer
    • Panitz, H.-J., P. Berg, G. Scḧadler, and G. Fosser, 2012: Modelling near future regional climate change for Germany and Africa. High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering '11, W. Nagel, D. Kröner, and M. Resch, Eds., Springer, 503-512.
    • (2012) , pp. 503-512
    • Panitz, H.-J.1    Berg, P.2    Scḧadler, G.3    Fosser, G.4
  • 60
    • 34547631260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00251.x
    • Pielke, R., J. Adegoke, A. Beltran-Przekurat, C. Hiemstra, J. Lin, U. Nair, D. Niyogi, and T. Nobis, 2007: An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall. Tellus, 59B, 587-601, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00251.x.
    • (2007) Tellus , vol.59 B , pp. 587-601
    • Pielke, R.1    Adegoke, J.2    Beltran-Przekurat, A.3    Hiemstra, C.4    Lin, J.5    Nair, U.6    Niyogi, D.7    Nobis, T.8
  • 61
    • 0029414045 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of tropical convection to land surface processes
    • doi:10.1175/ 1520-0469(1995)052,3143:SOTCTL.2.0.CO;2
    • Polcher, J., 1995: Sensitivity of tropical convection to land surface processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3143-3161, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0469(1995)052,3143:SOTCTL.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 3143-3161
    • Polcher, J.1
  • 62
    • 0028388844 scopus 로고
    • The impact of African and Amazonian deforestation on tropical climate
    • doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90179-1
    • Polcher, J., and K. Laval, 1994: The impact of African and Amazonian deforestation on tropical climate. J. Hydrol., 155, 389-405, doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90179-1.
    • (1994) J. Hydrol. , vol.155 , pp. 389-405
    • Polcher, J.1    Laval, K.2
  • 63
    • 84864397452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying forest cover loss in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000-2010, with Landsat ETM1 data
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.027
    • Potapov, P. V., S. A. Turubanova, M. C. Hansen, B. Adusei, M. Broich, A. Altstatt, L. Mane, and C. O. Justice, 2012: Quantifying forest cover loss in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000-2010, with Landsat ETM1 data. Remote Sens. Environ., 122, 106-116, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.027.
    • (2012) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.122 , pp. 106-116
    • Potapov, P.V.1    Turubanova, S.A.2    Hansen, M.C.3    Adusei, B.4    Broich, M.5    Altstatt, A.6    Mane, L.7    Justice, C.O.8
  • 64
    • 38849119288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate models and their evaluation
    • Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Randall, D. A., and Coauthors, 2007: Climate models and their evaluation. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 589-662.
    • (2007) , pp. 589-662
    • Randall, D.A.1
  • 65
    • 58049133389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM)
    • doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0309
    • Rockel, B., A. Will, and A. Hense, 2008: The regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM). Meteor. Z., 17, 347-348, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0309.
    • (2008) Meteor. Z. , vol.17 , pp. 347-348
    • Rockel, B.1    Will, A.2    Hense, A.3
  • 66
    • 27744554324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5: Part 1: Model description
    • Roeckner, E., and Coauthors, 2003: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5: Part 1: Model description. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Rep. 349, 127 pp.
    • (2003) Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Rep , vol.349 , pp. 127
    • Roeckner, E.1
  • 67
    • 70349223488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC-AR4 MPI-ECHAM5 T63L31MPI-OMGR1
    • 5L40 20C3Mrun no. 1: Atmosphere 6 HOUR values MPImet/MAD Germany. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, doi:10.1594/WDCC/ EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_20C_1_6H.
    • Roeckner, E., M. Lautenschlager, and H. Schneider, 2006a: IPCC-AR4 MPI-ECHAM5 T63L31MPI-OMGR1. 5L40 20C3Mrun no. 1: Atmosphere 6 HOUR values MPImet/MAD Germany. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, doi:10.1594/WDCC/ EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_20C_1_6H.
    • (2006)
    • Roeckner, E.1    Lautenschlager, M.2    Schneider, H.3
  • 68
    • 70349223488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC-AR4 MPI-ECHAM5 T63L31 MPI-OM GR1
    • 5L40 SRESA1B run no. 1: Atmosphere 6 HOUR values MPImet/MAD Germany. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, doi:10.1594/ WDCC/EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_A1B_1_6H
    • Roeckner, E., M. Lautenschlager, and H. Schneider, 2006b: IPCC-AR4 MPI-ECHAM5 T63L31 MPI-OM GR1. 5L40 SRESA1B run no. 1: Atmosphere 6 HOUR values MPImet/MAD Germany. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, doi:10.1594/ WDCC/EH5-T63L31_OM-GR1.5L40_A1B_1_6H.
    • (2006)
    • Roeckner, E.1    Lautenschlager, M.2    Schneider, H.3
  • 69
    • 0042323504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080,2261:AIUCFI.2.0.CO;2
    • Rossow,W. B., and R.A. Schiffer, 1999:Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2261-2287, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080,2261:AIUCFI.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 2261-2287
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Schiffer, R.A.2
  • 70
    • 84869387539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New GPCC full data reanalysis version 5 provides high-quality gridded monthly precipitation data
    • GEWEX News, No. 21, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD
    • Rudolf, B., A. Becker, U. Schneider, A. Meyer-Christoffer, and M. Ziese, 2011: New GPCC full data reanalysis version 5 provides high-quality gridded monthly precipitation data. GEWEX News, No. 21, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD, 4-5.
    • (2011) , pp. 4-5
    • Rudolf, B.1    Becker, A.2    Schneider, U.3    Meyer-Christoffer, A.4    Ziese, M.5
  • 71
    • 78751639905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farm and forest in Central Africa: Toward an integrated rural development strategy
    • doi:10.1080/ 10549811003757751
    • Russell, D., P. Mbile, and N. Tchamou, 2011: Farm and forest in Central Africa: Toward an integrated rural development strategy. J. Sustain. For., 30, 111-132, doi:10.1080/ 10549811003757751.
    • (2011) J. Sustain. For. , vol.30 , pp. 111-132
    • Russell, D.1    Mbile, P.2    Tchamou, N.3
  • 72
    • 84880929741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate impact of deforestation over South Sudan in a regional climate model
    • Salih, A. A., H. Körnich, and M. Tjernström, 2013: Climate impact of deforestation over South Sudan in a regional climate model. Int. J. Climatol., 33, 2362-2375.
    • (2013) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.33 , pp. 2362-2375
    • Salih, A.A.1    Körnich, H.2    Tjernström, M.3
  • 73
    • 84858159695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of climate change on tropical birds
    • doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.019
    • Sekercioglu, C., R. Primack, and J. Wormworth, 2012: The effects of climate change on tropical birds. Biol. Conserv., 148, 1-18, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.019.
    • (2012) Biol. Conserv. , vol.148 , pp. 1-18
    • Sekercioglu, C.1    Primack, R.2    Wormworth, J.3
  • 74
    • 0035880396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GCM study of climate change induced by deforestation in Africa
    • doi:10.3354/cr017169
    • Semazzi, F., and Y. Song, 2001: A GCM study of climate change induced by deforestation in Africa. Climate Res., 17, 169-182, doi:10.3354/cr017169.
    • (2001) Climate Res. , vol.17 , pp. 169-182
    • Semazzi, F.1    Song, Y.2
  • 75
    • 0025225165 scopus 로고
    • Amazon deforestation and climate change
    • doi:10.1126/ science.247.4948.1322
    • Shukla, J., C. Nobre, and P. Sellers, 1990: Amazon deforestation and climate change. Science, 247, 1322-1325, doi:10.1126/ science.247.4948.1322.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 1322-1325
    • Shukla, J.1    Nobre, C.2    Sellers, P.3
  • 76
    • 33646172991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Amazonian deforestation on climate: A numerical experiment with a coupled biosphere-atmosphere model with soil hydrology
    • doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0177-5
    • Silva, M., S. Franchito, and V. B. Rao, 2006: Effects of Amazonian deforestation on climate: A numerical experiment with a coupled biosphere-atmosphere model with soil hydrology. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 85, 1-18, doi:10.1007/s00704-005-0177-5.
    • (2006) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.85 , pp. 1-18
    • Silva, M.1    Franchito, S.2    Rao, V.B.3
  • 77
    • 5044238262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the influence of different vegetation biomes on the global climate
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0430-0
    • Snyder, P., C. Delire, and J. Foley, 2004: Evaluating the influence of different vegetation biomes on the global climate. Climate Dyn., 23, 279-302, doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0430-0.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn. , vol.23 , pp. 279-302
    • Snyder, P.1    Delire, C.2    Foley, J.3
  • 78
    • 84866173679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests
    • doi:10.1038/nature11390
    • Spracklen, D., S. Arnold, and C. Taylor, 2012: Observations of increased tropical rainfall preceded by air passage over forests. Nature, 489, 282-285, doi:10.1038/nature11390.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.489 , pp. 282-285
    • Spracklen, D.1    Arnold, S.2    Taylor, C.3
  • 79
    • 84896927843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 24.5-year SRB data set released.GEWEX News, No. 21, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD
    • Stackhouse, P., S. Gupta, S. Cox, T. Zhang, J. Mikovitz, and L. Hinkelman, 2011: 24.5-year SRB data set released.GEWEX News, No. 21, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD, 10-12.
    • (2011) , pp. 10-12
    • Stackhouse, P.1    Gupta, S.2    Cox, S.3    Zhang, T.4    Mikovitz, J.5    Hinkelman, L.6
  • 80
    • 50549092008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of FLUXNET in the Community Land Model development
    • doi:10.1029/2007JG000562
    • Stöckli, R., and Coauthors, 2008: Use of FLUXNET in the Community Land Model development. J. Geophys. Res., 113, G01025, doi:10.1029/2007JG000562.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Stöckli, R.1
  • 81
    • 23744516691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The land-use projections and resulting emissions in the IPCC SRES scenarios as simulated by the IMAGE 2 2 model.
    • doi:10.1007/ s10708-004-5054-8
    • Strengers, B., R. Leemans, B. Eickhout, B. de Vries, and L. Bouwman, 2004: The land-use projections and resulting emissions in the IPCC SRES scenarios as simulated by the IMAGE 2.2 model. GeoJournal, 61, 381-393, doi:10.1007/ s10708-004-5054-8.
    • (2004) GeoJournal , vol.61 , pp. 381-393
    • Strengers, B.1    Leemans, R.2    Eickhout, B.3    de Vries, B.4    Bouwman, L.5
  • 82
    • 0030368833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeophysical consequences of a tropical deforestation scenario: A GCM simulation study
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009,3225:BCOATD.2.0.CO;2
    • Sud, Y., W. K. Lau, G. Walker, J. Kim, G. Liston, and P. Sellers, 1996: Biogeophysical consequences of a tropical deforestation scenario: A GCM simulation study. J. Climate, 9, 3225-3247, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009,3225:BCOATD.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 3225-3247
    • Sud, Y.1    Lau, W.K.2    Walker, G.3    Kim, J.4    Liston, G.5    Sellers, P.6
  • 83
    • 33646414877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison of the intensities and trends of Hadley, Walker and monsoon circulations in the global warming projections
    • doi:10.2151/sola.2005-021
    • Tanaka, H., N. Ishizaki, and D. Nohara, 2005: Intercomparison of the intensities and trends of Hadley, Walker and monsoon circulations in the global warming projections. SOLA, 1, 77-80, doi:10.2151/sola.2005-021.
    • (2005) SOLA , vol.1 , pp. 77-80
    • Tanaka, H.1    Ishizaki, N.2    Nohara, D.3
  • 84
    • 0002686882 scopus 로고
    • First results of the introduction of an advanced aerosol-radiation interaction in the ECMWF low resolution global model
    • Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects, A. Deepak, Ed., A. Deepak Publishing
    • Tanré, D., J. Geleyn, and J. Slingo, 1984: First results of the introduction of an advanced aerosol-radiation interaction in the ECMWF low resolution global model. Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects, A. Deepak, Ed., A. Deepak Publishing, 133-177.
    • (1984) , pp. 133-177
    • Tanré, D.1    Geleyn, J.2    Slingo, J.3
  • 85
    • 45549092665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting the heat on tropical animals
    • doi:10.1126/ science.1159328
    • Tewksbury, J. J., R. B. Huey, and C. A. Deutsch, 2008: Putting the heat on tropical animals. Science, 320, 1296-1297, doi:10.1126/ science.1159328.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1296-1297
    • Tewksbury, J.J.1    Huey, R.B.2    Deutsch, C.A.3
  • 86
    • 84897583757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LakeMIP Kivu: Evaluating the representation of a large, deep tropical lake by a set of onedimensional lake models
    • doi:10.3402/ tellusa.v66.21390
    • Thiery, W., and Coauthors, 2014a: LakeMIP Kivu: Evaluating the representation of a large, deep tropical lake by a set of onedimensional lake models. Tellus, 66A, 21390, doi:10.3402/ tellusa.v66.21390.
    • (2014) Tellus , vol.66 A , pp. 21390
    • Thiery, W.1
  • 88
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117,1779: ACMFSF.2.0.CO;2
    • Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117,1779: ACMFSF.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 89
    • 33646493311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale atmospheric circulation biases and changes in global climate model simulations and their importance for climate change in Central Europe
    • doi:10.5194/ acp-6-863-2006
    • Van Ulden, A., and G. Van Oldenborgh, 2006: Large-scale atmospheric circulation biases and changes in global climate model simulations and their importance for climate change in Central Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 863-881, doi:10.5194/ acp-6-863-2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 863-881
    • Van Ulden, A.1    Van Oldenborgh, G.2
  • 90
    • 1542398197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled biosphere-atmosphere climatemodel suitable for studies of climatic change due to land surface alterations
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011,1749: ACBACM.2.0.CO;2
    • Varejão-Silva, M. A., S. H. Franchito, and V. B. Rao, 1998: A coupled biosphere-atmosphere climatemodel suitable for studies of climatic change due to land surface alterations. J. Climate, 11, 1749-1767, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011,1749: ACBACM.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1749-1767
    • Varejão-Silva, M.A.1    Franchito, S.H.2    Rao, V.B.3
  • 91
    • 3843106099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical deforestation and climate variability
    • doi:10.1007/ s00382-004-0423-z
    • Voldoire, A., and J. Royer, 2004: Tropical deforestation and climate variability. Climate Dyn., 22, 857-874, doi:10.1007/ s00382-004-0423-z.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn. , vol.22 , pp. 857-874
    • Voldoire, A.1    Royer, J.2
  • 92
    • 0343308266 scopus 로고
    • A study of climate and forests in the Ranchi Plateau, Part II
    • Warren, W., 1974: A study of climate and forests in the Ranchi Plateau, Part II. Indian For., 100 (5), 291-314.
    • (1974) Indian For. , vol.100 , Issue.5 , pp. 291-314
    • Warren, W.1
  • 93
    • 0034503138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roads, development, and conservation in the Congo basin
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99102.x
    • Wilkie,D., E. Shaw, F.Rotberg, G.Morelli, and P.Auzel, 2000: Roads, development, and conservation in the Congo basin. Conserv. Biol., 14 (6), 1614-1622, doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99102.x.
    • (2000) Conserv. Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 1614-1622
    • Wilkie, D.1    Shaw, E.2    Rotberg, F.3    Morelli, G.4    Auzel, P.5
  • 94
    • 77951998123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of tropical forests
    • doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05455.x
    • Wright, S. J., 2010: The future of tropical forests. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1195, 1-27, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05455.x.
    • (2010) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1195 , pp. 1-27
    • Wright, S.J.1
  • 95
    • 70450225482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of tropical species on a warmer planet
    • doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01337.x
    • Wright, S. J., H. C. Muller-Landau, and J. Schipper, 2009: The future of tropical species on a warmer planet. Conserv. Biol., 23 (6), 1418-1426, doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01337.x.
    • (2009) Conserv. Biol. , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Wright, S.J.1    Muller-Lu, H.C.2    Schipper, J.3
  • 96
    • 0033102104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A land-atmosphere interaction theory for the tropical deforestation problem
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012,0857: ALAITF.2.0.CO;2
    • Zeng, N., and J. D. Neelin, 1999: A land-atmosphere interaction theory for the tropical deforestation problem. J. Climate, 12, 857-872, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012,0857: ALAITF.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 857-872
    • Zeng, N.1    Neelin, J.D.2
  • 98
    • 0035041680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The compounding effects of tropical deforestation and greenhouse warming on climate
    • doi:10.1023/A:1010662425950
    • Zhang, H., A. Henderson-Sellers, and K. McGuffie, 2001: The compounding effects of tropical deforestation and greenhouse warming on climate. Climatic Change, 49, 309-338, doi:10.1023/A:1010662425950.
    • (2001) Climatic Change , vol.49 , pp. 309-338
    • Zhang, H.1    Henderson-Sellers, A.2    McGuffie, K.3
  • 99
    • 14944361341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping tropical deforestation in central Africa
    • doi:10.1007/s10661-005-9132-2
    • Zhang,Q.,D.Devers, A.Desch, C. Justice, and J. Townshend, 2005: Mapping tropical deforestation in central Africa. Environ. Monit. Assess., 101, 69-83, doi:10.1007/s10661-005-9132-2.
    • (2005) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.101 , pp. 69-83
    • Zhang, Q.1    Devers, D.2    Desch, A.3    Justice, C.4    Townshend, J.5
  • 100
    • 33645808063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GIS-based assessment on the vulnerability and future extent of the tropical forests of the Congo basin
    • doi:10.1007/s10661-006-2015-3
    • Zhang,Q., C. O. Justice, M. Jiang, J. Brunner, and D. S. Wilkie, 2006: A GIS-based assessment on the vulnerability and future extent of the tropical forests of the Congo basin. Environ. Monit. Assess., 114, 107-121, doi:10.1007/s10661-006-2015-3.
    • (2006) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.114 , pp. 107-121
    • Zhang, Q.1    Justice, C.O.2    Jiang, M.3    Brunner, J.4    Wilkie, D.S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.