An approach to the management of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease) in immunocompromised patients

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 357-373

  Martinez Perez, Angela ^a   Norman, Francesca F ^a   Monge Maillo, Begoña ^a   Perez Molina, Jose Antonio ^a   Lopez Velez, Rogelio ^a  

^a HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

Author keywords

autoimmune disease; Chagas disease; HIV; immunosupression; neglected diseases; neoplasm; transplantation; Trypanosoma cruzi

Indexed keywords

CHAGAS DISEASE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; NEOPLASMS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, PARASITIC; TRANSPLANTATION; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI;

EID: 84894158257     PISSN: 14787210     EISSN: 17448336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.880652     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Zingales B, Miles MA, Campbell DA, et al. The revised Trypanosoma cruzi subspecific nomenclature: rationale, epidemiological relevance and research applications. Infect Genet Evol 2012;12:240-53
2. Burgos JM, Diez M, Vigliano C, et al. Molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in end-stage chronic Chagas heart disease and reactivation after heart transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:485-95
3. Cura C, Lucero RH, Bisio M, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in chagas disease patients from endemic and non-endemic regions of Argentina. Parasitology 2012;139:516-21
4. Bisio M, Cura C, Duffy T, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in Chagas disease patients with HIV co-infection. Rev Biomed 2009;20:166-78
5. López-Vélez R, Norman FF, Bern C. In: Maguill A, Ryan E, Hill D, Solomon T, editors. Hunter's tropical medicine. Elsevier; 2013. p. 725-38
6. Alvar J. Un caso agudo de enfermedad de Chagas causado por una inoculación accidental de laboratorio [An acute case of Chagas disease due to an accidental laboratory inoculation]. Laboratorio 1983;6:645-8
7. Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA. Chagas disease. Lancet 2010;375:1388-402
8. Pinto Dias JC. The treatment of Chagas disease (South American trypanosomiasis). Ann Intern Med 2006;144:772-4
9. Carod-Artal FJ, Gascon J. Chagas disease and stroke. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:533-42
10. Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Rassi SG. Predictors of mortality in chronic Chagas disease: a systematic review of observational studies. Circulation 2007;115:1101-8
11. Brasil PE, De Castro L, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, et al. ELISA versus PCR for diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:337
12. Murcia L, Carrilero B, Muñoz MJ, et al. Usefulness of PCR for monitoring benznidazole response in patients with chronic Chagas' disease: a prospective study in a non-disease-endemic country. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:1759-64
13. Brazilian Consensus on Chagas disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2005;38(Suppl 3):7-29
14. WHO Technical Report Series No 905. Control of Chagas Disease. Second report of the WHO Expert Committee. WHO; Geneva, Switzerland: 2002
15. Moreira OC, Ramirez JD, Velázquez E, et al. Towards the establishment of a consensus real-time qPCR to monitor Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in patients with chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: a substudy from the BENEFIT trial. Acta Trop 2013;125:23-31
16. De Freitas VL, Da Silva SC, Sartori AM, et al. Real-time PCR in HIV/Trypanosoma cruzi coinfection with and without Chagas disease reactivation: association with HIV viral load and CD4 level. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011;5:e1277
17. Pinazo MJ, Espinosa G, Cortes-Lletget C, et al. Immunosuppression and Chagas disease: a management challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7:e1965
18. Bern C. Chagas disease in the immunosuppressed host. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012;25:450-7
19. Almeida EA, Ramos AN Jr, Correia D, et al. Co-infection Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV: systematic review (1980-2010). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011;44:762-70
20. Cordova E, Boschi A, Ambrosioni J, et al. Reactivation of Chagas disease with central nervous system involvement in HIV-infected patients in Argentina. 1992-2007. Int J Infect Dis 2008;12(6):587-92
21. Perez-Molina JA, Perez-Ayala A, Moreno S, et al. Use of benznidazole to treat chronic Chagas' disease: a systematic review with a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64:1139-47
22. Perez-Molina JA, Sojo-Dorado J, Norman F, et al. Nifurtimox therapy for Chagas disease does not cause hypersensitivity reactions in patients with such previous adverse reactions during benznidazole treatment. Acta Trop 2013;127:101-4
23. Castro JA, De Mecca MM, Bartel LC. Toxic side effects of drugs used to treat Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). Hum Exp Toxicol 2006;25:471-9
24. Organización Panamericana de la salud (OPS/OMS). Estimación cuantitativa de la Enfermedad de Chagas en las Américas. OPS/HDM/CD/425-06. Montevideo, Uruguay: 2006
25. Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Carvalho NB. Oral transmission of Chagas disease. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:845-52
26. Lescure FX, Le Loup G, Freilij H, et al. Chagas disease: changes in knowledge and management. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10:556-70
27. Bern C, Kjos S, Yabsley MJ, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011;24:655-81
28. Perez-Molina JA, Norman FF, Lopez-Velez R. Chagas Disease in non-endemic countries: epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2012;14:263-74
29. Bern C, Montgomery SP. An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:e52-4
30. Navarro M, Navaza B, Guionnet A, et al. Chagas disease in Spain: need for further public health measures. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6:e1962
31. Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV, Ribeiro ALP. Chagas disease and mortality in old age as an emerging issue: 10 year follow-up of the Bambui population-based cohort study (Brazil). Int J Cardiol 2010;145:362-3
32. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. UNAIDS/JC2417E. 2012. Available from: www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/ contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2012/gr2012/20121120-UNAIDS-Global-Report- 2012-en.pdf [Last accessed 23 December 2013]
33. Hotez PJ, Dumonteil E, Woc-Colburn L, et al. Chagas Disease: "The New HIV/AIDS of the Americas". PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6:e1498
34. Actividad de Donacion y Trasplante de Organos, Tejidos y Celulas, y Recomendaciones Aprovadas por el Consejo Iberoamericano de Donacion y TrasplanteNewsletter (ed Aula Medica). 2012. Available from: http://issuu.com/o-nt/docs/newsletterrcidt2012-pdf
35. Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT). Available from: www.ont.es/infesp/Paginas/DatosdeDonacionyTrasplante.aspx [Last accessed 2 January 2014]
36. Lescure F, Paris L, Elghouzzi MH, et al. [Experience of targeted screening of Chagas disease in Ile-de-France]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2009;102:295-9
37. Piron M, Verges M, Munoz J, et al. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in at-risk blood donors in Catalonia (Spain). Transfusion 2008;48:1862-8
38. Kessler DA, Shi PA, Avecilla ST, et al. Results of lookback for Chagas disease since the inception of donor screening at New York Blood Center. Transfusion 2013;53:1083-7
39. International Cancer statistics. 2013. Available from: www.wcrf.org/cancer-statistics/world-cancer-statistics.php Last accessed 2 January 2014]
40. Goldblatt F, O'Neill SG. Clinical aspects of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Lancet 2013;382:797-808
41. Basile L, Jansa J, Carlier Y, et al. Chagas disease in European countries: the challenge of a surveillance system. Euro Surveill 2011;16(37): pii 19968
42. Congenital transmission of chagas disease - virginia. 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61:477-9
43. Perez-Molina JA, Rodriguez-Guardado A, Soriano A, et al. Guidelines on the Treatment of Chronic Coinfection by Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV Outside Endemic Areas. HIV Clin Trials 2011;12:287-98
44. Spina-Franca A. American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) and the nervous system. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1988;81:645-9
45. Almeida EA, Lima JN, Lages-Silva E, et al. Chagas' disease and HIV co-infection in patients without effective antiretroviral therapy: prevalence, clinical presentation and natural history. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2010;104:447-52
46. Diez MS, Nocito I, De Frade AR, et al. Serological evidence of cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and Treponema pallidum in HIV infected patients. Medicina (B Aires) 2001;61:378-80
47. Dolcini G, Ambrosioni J, Andreani G, et al. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Trypanosoma cruzi co-infection and injectable-drugs abuse in a Buenos Aires health center. Rev Argent Microbiol 2008;40:164-6
48. Llenas-Garcia J, Hernando A, Fiorante S, et al. Chagas disease screening among HIV-positive Latin American immigrants: an emerging problem. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;31:1991-7
49. Salvador F, Molina I, Sulleiro E, et al. Tropical diseases screening in immigrant patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Spain. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013;88:1196-202
50. Vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH/SIDA en España. 2012. Available from: www.msc.es/ciudadanos/enfLesiones/enfTransmisibles/sida/ vigilancia/InformeVIHsida-Junio2012.pdf [Last accessed 23 June 2013]
51. Lages-Silva E, Ramirez LE, Silva-Vergara ML, et al. Chagasic meningoencephalitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: diagnosis, follow-up, and genetic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:118-23
52. Burgos JM, Begher S, Silva HM, et al. Molecular diagnosis and typing of Trypanosoma cruzi populations and lineages in cerebral Chagas disease in a patient with AIDS. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005;73:1016-18
53. Burgos JM, et al. Molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi I tropism for central nervous system in Chagas reactivation due to AIDS. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008;78:294-7
54. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Definición de la OMS de caso de infección por el VIH a efectos de vigilancia y revisión de la estadificación clinica y de la clasificación inmunológica de la enfermedad relacionada con el VIH en adultos y niños. OPS/FCH/HI/04-09. E. 2009
55. Sartori AM, Ibrahim KY, Nunes Westphalen EV, et al. Manifestations of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in patients with HIV/AIDS. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007;101:31-50
56. Concetti H, Retegui M, Perez G, et al. Chagas' disease of the cervix uteri in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hum Pathol 2000;31:120-2
57. Gallerano V, Consigli J, Pereyra S, et al. Chagas' disease reactivation with skin symptoms in a patient with kidney transplant. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:607-10
58. Fontes Rezende RE, Lescano MA, Zambelli Ramalho LN, et al. Reactivation of Chagas' disease in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: gastric, oesophageal and laryngeal involvement. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006;100:74-8
59. Iliovich E, Lopez R, Kum M, et al. Spontaneous chagasic peritonitis in a patient with AIDS. Medicina (B Aires) 1998;58:507-8
60. Lazo JE, Meneses AC, Rocha A, et al. Toxoplasmic and chagasic meningoencephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: anatomopathologic and tomographic differential diagnosis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1998;31:163-71
61. Martins-Melo FR, Ramos AN Jr, Alencar CH, et al. Mortality Related to Chagas Disease and HIV/AIDS Coinfection in Brazil. J Trop Med 2012;2012:534649
62. Almeida EA, Ramos AN Jr, Correia D, et al. Brazilian Network of Attention and Studies on Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV Co-infection and others immunossupression conditions. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009;42:605-8
63. Corti M, Yampolsky C. Prolonged survival and immune reconstitution after chagasic meningoencephalitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2006;39:85-8
64. Ferreira MS, Nishioka A, Silvestre MT, et al. Reactivation of Chagas' disease in patients with AIDS: report of three new cases and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:1397-400
65. Sartori AM, Sotto MN, Braz LM, et al. Reactivation of Chagas disease manifested by skin lesions in a patient with AIDS. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999;93:631-2
66. Seden K, Khoo S, Back D, et al. Drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and drugs used in the management of neglected tropical diseases: important considerations in the WHO 2020 Roadmap and London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases. AIDS 2013;27:675-86
67. Torrico F, Alonso-Vega C, Suarez E, et al. Maternal Trypanosoma cruzi infection, pregnancy outcome, morbidity, and mortality of congenitally infected and non-infected newborns in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004;70:201-9
68. Murcia L, Carrilero B, Munoz-Davila MJ, et al. Risk Factors and Primary Prevention of Congenital Chagas Disease in a Nonendemic Country. Clin Infect Dis 2012;56(4):496-502
69. Freilij H, Altcheh J, Muchinik G. Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection and congenital Chagas' disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995;14:161-2
70. Scapellato PG, Bottaro EG, Rodriguez-Brieschke MT. Mother-child transmission of Chagas disease: could coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus increase the risk? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009;42:107-9
71. Chin-Hong PV, Schwartz BS, Bern C, et al. Screening and treatment of chagas disease in organ transplant recipients in the United States: recommendations from the chagas in transplant working group. Am J Transplant 2011;11:672-80
72. Miró JM, Blanes M, Norman F, et al. Infections in solid organ transplantation in special situations: HIV-infection and immigration. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012;30(Suppl 2):76-85
73. Pinazo MJ, Miranda B, Rodriguez-Villar C, et al. Recommendations for management of Chagas disease in organ and hematopoietic tissue transplantation programs in nonendemic areas. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011;25:91-101
74. Martin-Davila P, Fortun J, Lopez-Velez R, et al. Transmission of tropical and geographically restricted infections during solid-organ transplantation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:60-96
75. Riarte A, Luna C, Sabatiello R, et al. Chagas' disease in patients with kidney transplants: 7 years of experience 1989-1996. Clin Infect Dis 1999;29:561-7
76. Fiorelli AI, Santos RH, Oliveira JL Jr, et al. Heart transplantation in 107 cases of Chagas' disease. Transplant Proc 2011;43:220-4.. Outlines the authors' 25 years of experience in heart trasplantation for patients with Chagas disease.
77. Bestetti RB, Theodoropoulos TA. A systematic review of studies on heart transplantation for patients with end-stage Chagas' heart disease. J Card Fail 2009;15:249-55
78. Bocchi EA, Fiorelli A. The paradox of survival results after heart transplantation for cardiomyopathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. First Guidelines Group for Heart Transplantation of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;71:1833-8
79. Pedreira De Freitas JL, Amato Neto V, Sonntag R, et al. First tests on the accidental transmission of Chagas disease to man by blood transfusion. Rev Paul Med 1952;40:36-40
80. Schmunis GA, Cruz JR. Safety of the blood supply in Latin America. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:12-29
81. Chocair PR, Sabbaga E, Amato Neto V, et al. Kidney transplantation: a new way of transmitting chagas disease. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1981;23:280-2
82. Sousa A, Lobo MC, Barbosa RA, et al. Chagas seropositive donors in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2004;36:868-9
83. D'Albuquerque LA, Gonzalez AM, Filho HL, et al. Liver transplantation from deceased donors serologically positive for Chagas disease. Am J Transplant 2007;7:680-4
84. Huprikar S, Bosserman E, Patel G, et al. Donor-derived Trypanosoma cruzi infection in solid organ recipients in the United States. 2001-2011. Am J Transplant 2013;13:2418-25
85. Villalba R, Fornes G, Alvarez MA, et al. Acute Chagas' disease in a recipient of a bone marrow transplant in Spain: case report. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:594-5
86. Fores R, Sanjuan I, Portero F, et al. Chagas disease in a recipient of cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007;39:127-8
87. Altclas J, Sinagra A, Dictar M, et al. Chagas disease in bone marrow transplantation: an approach to preemptive therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;36:123-9
88. Diez M, Favaloro L, Bertolotti A, et al. Usefulness of PCR strategies for early diagnosis of Chagas' disease reactivation and Review Martinez-Perez, Norman, Monge-Maillo, Perez-Molina & Lopez-Velez 372 Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 12(3), (2014) treatment follow-up in heart transplantation. Am J Transplant 2007;7:1633-40
89. Cantarovich F, Vazquez M, Garcia WD, et al. Special infections in organ transplantation in South America. Transplant Proc 1992;24:1902-8
90. Guiang KM, Cantey P, Montgomery SP, et al. Reactivation of Chagas disease in a bone marrow transplant patient: case report and review of screening and management. Transpl Infect Dis 2013;15(6):E264-7
91. Dictar M, Sinagra A, Veron MT, et al. Recipients and donors of bone marrow transplants suffering from Chagas' disease: management and preemptive therapy of parasitemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998;21:391-3
92. Marin-Neto JA, Rassi A Jr, Morillo CA, et al. Rationale and design of a randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of etiologic treatment in Chagas' cardiomyopathy: the BENznidazole Evaluation For Interrupting Trypanosomiasis (BENEFIT). Am Heart J 2008;156:37-43
93. De Carvalho VB, Sousa EF, Vila JH, et al. Heart transplantation in Chagas' disease. 10 years after the initial experience. Circulation 1996;94:1815-17
94. Bestetti RB, Rubio FG, Ferraz Filho JR, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi infection reactivation manifested by encephalitis in a Chagas heart transplant recipient. Int J Cardiol 2013;163:e7-8
95. Bacal F, Silva CP, Pires PV, et al. Transplantation for Chagas' disease: an overview of immunosuppression and reactivation in the last two decades. Clin Transplant 2010;24:E29-34
96. Cohen JE, Tsai EC, Ginsberg HJ, et al. Pseudotumoral chagasic meningoencephalitis as the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Surg Neurol 1998;49:324-7
97. Murta EF, Oliveira GP, Prado O, et al. Association of uterine leiomyoma and Chagas' disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002;66:321-4
98. Adad SJ, Etchebehere RM, Araujo JR, et al. Association of chagasic megacolon and cancer of the colon: case report and review of the literature. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2002;35:63-8
99. Garcia SB, Oliveira JSM, Pinto LZ, et al. Short Communication: the relationship between megacolon and carcinoma of the colon: an experimental approach. Carcinogenesis 1996;17:1777-9
100. Cohen V, Ceballos V, Rodriguez N, et al. [Chagas' disease as a cause of cerebral mass in a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia in remission]. Arch Argent Pediatr 2010;108:134-7
101. Salgado PR, Gorski AG, Aleixo AR, et al. Tumor-like lesion due to Chagas' disease in a patient with lymphocytic leukemia. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1996;38:285-8
102. Di Lorenzo GA, Pagano MA, Taratuto AL, et al. Chagasic granulomatous encephalitis in immunosuppressed patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Neuroimaging 1996;6:94-7
103. Metze K, Lorand-Metze I, De Almeida EA, et al. Reactivation of Chagas' myocarditis during therapy of Hodgkin's disease. Trop Geogr Med 1991;43:228-30
104. Kohl S, Pickering LK, Frankel LS, et al. Reactivation of Chagas' disease during therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 1982;50:827-8
105. Corona S, Amanales C, Avaria MA, et al. [Chagasic granuloma of the brain in a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia]. Rev Med Chil 1988;116:676-80
106. Burgos LG, Ortiz BD, Canese A, et al. Reactivation of Chagas disease by immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of an exceptional case. Am J Dermatopathol 2012;34:e84-9
107. Tresoldi AT, Belangero V, Da Silva MT, et al. Doença de Chagas congênita: reagudização pela corticoterapia. Pediatr (São Paulo) 1984. 6:207-10
108. Nishioka S. Primary chemoprophylaxis in the reactivation of Chagas' disease with benznidazole in chronic chagasic patients under immunosupressive corticosteroid therapy: is there evidence for its recommendation? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2000;33:83-5
109. Rassi A, Amato Neto V, De Siqueira AF, et al. Protective effect of benznidazole against parasite reactivation in patients chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and treated with corticoids for associated diseases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1999;32:475-82
110. Pinazo MJ, Espinosa G, Gallego C, et al. Successful treatment with posaconazole of a patient with chronic Chagas disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010;82:583-7
111. Dos Santos-Neto LL, Polcheira M, Castro C, et al. Trypanosoma cruzi high parasitemia in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2003;36:613-15