Qi-Transformation and the steam engine the incorporation of western anatomy and Re-Conceptualisation of the body in nineteenth-Century chinese medicine

Asian Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 319-357

  Lei, Sean Hsiang Lin ^a,b  

^a Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Bladder; Body; Chinese medicine; Modernity; Qi; Tang Zonghai; Triple Burner; Visualisation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894124615     PISSN: 1573420X     EISSN: 15734218     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/15734218-12341256     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Andrews, B. J. 1991, 'Wang Qingren and the History of Chinese Anatomy', Journal of Chinese Medicine, 35: 30-6.
2. . 2007, 'Introduction', in Wang Qingren, Yilin gaicuo, translated with commentary by Yuhsin Chung, Herman Oving, and Simon Becker, Boulder, CO: Blue Poppy Press, v-xiv.
3. . 2010, 'Blood in the History of Modern Chinese Medicine', paper presented in a workshop on '(After)Life of Traditional Knowledge: The cultural politics and historical epistemology of East Asian medicine', 20'21 August 2010, Westminster University, London.
4. Balme, H. 1921, China and Modern Medicine: A study in medical missionary development, London: United Council for Missionary Education.
5. Bray, F. 2007, 'Introduction: The powers of tu', in F. Bray, V. Dorofeeva-Lichtmann, and G. Métailié (eds), Graphics and Text in the Production of Technical Knowledge in China: The warp and the weft, Leiden and Boston: Brill, 1-78.
6. Cardwell, D. S. L. 1989 [1971], From Watt to Clausius: The rise of thermodynamics in the early industrial age, Ames: Iowa State University Press.
7. Chang, C.-F. 1998, 'Shenghua zhi yuan yu liming zhi men: Jinyuanming yixue zhong de ming - men shitan' [The Gate of Life: the conceptions of Mingmen in Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Chin, Yuan, Ming periods], Xinshixue [New Historiography], 9(3): 1-48.
8. Choa, G. H. 1990, 'Heal the Sick' Was Their Motto: The protestant medical missionaries in China, Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
9. Deng, T. (ed.) 1999, Zhongyi Jindaishi [Modern history of Chinese medicine], Guangdong: Guangdong Gaodeng Jiaoyu Chubanshe.
10. Despeux, C. 2005, 'Visual Representations of the Body in Chinese Medical and Daoist Texts from the Song to the Qing Period', Asian Medicine-Tradition and Modernity, 1 (1): 10-52.
11. Dudgeon, J. 1886, Quanti Tongkao [Comprehensive examination of human anatomy] vol. 12, Beijing: Tongwen Guan.
12. Gao, X. 2009, Dezhen Zhuan: Yige yingguo chuanjiaoshi yu wan Qing yixue jindaihua [A biography of John Dudgeon: A British missionary and the medical modernization in late Qing China], Shanghai: Fudan Daxue Chubanshe.
13. Goldschmidt, A. 2005, 'The Song Discontinuity: Rapid Innovation in Northern Song Dynasty Medicine', Asian Medicine-Tradition and Modernity 1 (1): 53-90.
14. Hacking, I. 1983, Representing and Intervening, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Heinrich, L. N. 2008, The Afterlife of Images: Translating the Pathological Body between China and the West, Durham and London: Duke University Press.
16. Hobson, B. (He Xin) 1851, Quanti xinlun [Treatise on Physiology], Guangzhou: Huiai Yiguan. Digital version can be found in National Library of Australia.
17. . 1855, Bowu xinbian [Treatise of natural philosophy], Shanghai: Mohai shuguan.
18. 1858, A Medical Vocabulary in English and Chinese, Shanghai: Shanghai Mission Press.
19. . Kuriyama, S, 1992, 'Between Mind and Eye: Japanese anatomy in the eighteenth century', in C. Leslie and A. Young (eds), Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge, Berkeley: University of California Press, 21-43.
20. Lackner, M., I. Amelung, and J. Kurtz, 2001, New Terms for New Ideas: Western Knowledge and Lexical Change in Late Imperial China, Leiden and Boston: Brill.
21. Lei, S. H. 1999, 'When Chinese Medicine Encountered the State', Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Chicago.
22. Osgood, D. W. 1881, Quanti Chanwei [Anatomy, descriptive and surgical], vol. 4, Fuzhou: Meihua Shuguan.
23. Palmer, D. A. 2007, Qigong Fever: Body, science, and utopia in China, New York: Columbia University Press.
24. Pi, G.-L. 2006a, 'Tuxiang Xingzhi Yu Zangfu Zhishi-Tang Zonghai Sanjiaolun de qishi [Imagery, materiality and information on the viscera: Lessons from Tang Zonghai's view on the Triple Burner]', Gujin Lunheng [Disquisitions on the Past & Present], 15: 71-98.
25. 2006b, Yitong Zhongxi: Tang Zonghai yu jiandai zhongyi weiji [Communication between Chinese and Western medicine: Tang Zonghai and the crisis of Chinese medicine in modern times], Taipei: Dongda Tushu Gongsi.
26. Porkert, M. and C. Ullmann 1982, Chinese Medicine, New York: Henry Holt and Company.
27. Rabinbach, A. 1990, The Human Motor: Energy, fatigue, and the origins of modernity, Berkeley: University of California Press.
28. Richardson, R. 2008, The Making of Mr Gray's Anatomy: Bodies, Books, Fortune, Fame, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29. Sanetô, K. 1982, Zhongguoren Liuxue Riben Shi [A History of Chinese Overseas Studies in Japan], Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.
30. Sivin, N. 1987, Traditional Medicine in Contemporary China, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
31. Standaert, N. 2000, Handbook of Christianity in China, 635-1800, Leiden: Brill.
32. Tang, Z.-H. 1908. [1892], Zhongxi Huitong Yi Jing Jing Yi [Essential meanings of the medical canons [approached] through the convergence and assimilation of Chinese and Western medicine], Shanghai: Qianqingtang Shuju.
33. . 1987a [1880], Bencao Wenda [Questions and answers on materia medica], Taipei: Lixing Shuju.
34. .1987b [1892], Zhongxi Huitong Yi Jing Jing Yi [Essential Meanings of the medical canons [approached] through the convergence and assimilation of Chinese and Western medicine], Taipei: Lixing Shuju.
35. . 1992 [1910] Yiyi tongshuo [A generalised account of medicine and the Classic of Changes], Chengdu: Bashushudian.
36. . 2012 [1893], Xue Zheng Lun [On blood disorders], Beijing: Xueyuan Chubanshe.
37. Wang, B. 1986 [762], Huangdi Neijing Suwen [Inner canon of the yellow emperor: Basic ques - tions], Taipei: Shijie Shuju.
38. Wang, D.-H. 1995, 'Lun Yilin Gaicuo de jiepoxue jian lun jiepoxue zai zhongxi yixue chuantong zhong de diwei' [Wang Qingren on human anatomy]', Xinshixue [New Historiography] 6(1): 95-115.
39. Wang, H.-J. and Zhang J.-Y. 2010, 'Pangguang de jiben shengli gongneng: Chucang jinye' [On the basic physiological function of the bladder: Conserving nourishing fluids], Liaoning Zhongyiyao daxue xuebao (Journal of Liaoning University of TCM), 12 (2): 63-4.
40. Wang, H-C. 2010, 'Discovering Steam Power in China, 1840s-1860s', Technology and Culture, 51: 31-54.
41. Wang, M.-M. and Li L. 1999, Tang Rongchuan yixue quan shu [The complete collection of medical works by Tang Rongchuan], Beijing: Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Chubanshe.
42. Wang, Q.-R. 1995 [1830], Yilin gaicuo [Correcting the Errors of Medicine], Taipei: Lixing Shuju.
43. Wang, S.-X. 1999 [1855], Chongqingtang Suibi [Jottings from the Hall of Repeated Celebrations]
44. reprinted in Wang Mengying Yixue Quanshu [The Complete Collections of Wang Mengying's Medical Books], Beijing: Zhongguo Zhongyiyao Chubanshe.
45. Wang, S.-M. and V. Lo. 2007, Xingxiang Zhongyi [Imagining Chinese Medicine], Beijing: Renmin Weisheng Chubanshe.
46. Wang, T. 1987, Wang Tao Riji [Diary of Wang Tao], Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju.
47. Wong, K. C. and L. Wu 1985 [1932], History of Chinese Medicine, Taipei: Southern Materials Center, INC.
48. Wu, Y.-L. 2010a, Reproducing Women: Medicine, metaphors, and childbirth in late Imperial China, Berkeley: University of California Press.
49. . 2014, 'Bodily Knowledge and Western Learning in Late Imperial China: The case of Wang Shixiong (1808-68)', in Howard Hsueh-Hao Chiang, ed., Historical Epistemology and the Making of Modern Chinese Medicine, Manchester: University of Manchester Press, projected 2014.
50. Xie, G. 1935, Zhongguo Yixue Yuanliulun (The historical development of Chinese medicine), Shanghai: Shanghai Zhongyi Chubanshe.
51. Xu, S. 1876, 'Qiji Mingming Shuo' [On the name 'steam machine'], Gezhi Huibian [The Chinese scientific magazine], 1 (6): 6-8.
52. Zhang, Q. 2008, 'Hybridizing Scholastic Psychology with Chinese Medicine: A Seventeenth- Century Chinese Catholic's Conception of Xin (Mind and Heart)', Early Science and Medicine 13: 313-60.