Semicontinuous measurements of gas-particle partitioning of organic acids in a ponderosa pine forest using a MOVI-HRToF-CIMS

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 1527-1546

  Yatavelli, R L N ^a,b   Stark, H ^a,c   Thompson, S L ^a   Kimmel, J R ^c,d   Cubison, M J ^d   Day, D A ^a   Campuzano Jost, P ^a   Palm, B B ^a   Hodzic, A ^e   Thornton, J A ^f   Jayne, J T ^c   Worsnop, D R ^c,g   Jimenez, J L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c AERODYNE RESEARCH INC   (United States)

^d TOFWERK AG   (Switzerland)

^e NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894090093     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-1527-2014     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Aljawhary, D., Lee, A. K. Y., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: High-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ToF-CIMS): application to study SOA composition and processing, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3211-3224, doi:10.5194/amt-6-3211-2013, 2013.
2. Andrews, D. U., Haeazlewood, B. R., Maccarone, A. T., Conroy, T., Payne, R. J., Jordan, M. J. T., and Kable, S. H.: Phototautomerization of acetaldehyde to vinyl alcohol: a potential route to tropospheric acids, Science, 337, 1203-1206, 2012.
3. Aumont, B., Valorso, R., Mouchel-Vallon, C., Camredon, M., Lee- Taylor, J., and Madronich, S.: Modeling SOA formation from the oxidation of intermediate volatility n-alkanes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 7577-7589, doi:10.5194/acp-12- 7577-2012, 2012.
4. Bao, L., Matsumoto, M., Kubota, T., Sekiguchi, K., Wang, Q., and Sakamoto, K.: Gas/particle partitioning of low-molecular-weight dicarboxylic acids at a suburban site in Saitama, Japan, Atmos. Environ., 47, 546-553, 2012.
5. Baron, P. A. and Willeke, K.: Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques, and applications, 2nd ed., JohnWiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA, 2001.
6. Bertram, T. H., Kimmel, J. R., Crisp, T. A., Ryder, O. S., Yatavelli, R. L. N., Thornton, J. A., Cubison, M. J., Gonin, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: A field-deployable, chemical ionization timeof- flight mass spectrometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1471-1479, doi:10.5194/amt-4-1471-2011, 2011.
7. Bilde, M. and Pandis, S. N.: Evaporation rates and vapor pressures of individual aerosol species formed in the atmospheric oxidation of α-and β-pinene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 3344-3349, 2001. (Pubitemid 32880863)
8. Capouet, M., Muller, J.-F., Ceulemans, K., Compernolle, S., Vereecken, L., and Peeters, J.: Modeling aerosol formation in alpha-pinene photo-oxidation experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02308, doi:10.1029/2007JD008995, 2008.
9. Cappa, C. D.: A model of aerosol evaporation kinetics in a thermodenuder, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 579-592, doi:10.5194/amt- 3-579-2010, 2010.
10. Cappa, C. D., Loverjoy, E. R., and Ravishankara, A. R.: Evaporation rates and vapor pressures of the even-numbered C8-C18 monocarboxylic acids, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 3959-3964, 2008.
11. Chacon-Madrid, H. J. and Donahue, N. M.: Fragmentation vs. functionalization: chemical aging and organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10553-10563, doi:10.5194/acp- 11-10553-2011, 2011.
12. Chameides, W. L. and Davis, D. D.: Aqueous-phase source of formic acid in clouds, Nature, 304, 427-429, 1983. (Pubitemid 14256961)
13. Chattopadhyay, S. and Ziemann, P. J.: Vapor pressures of substituted and unsubstituted monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids measured using an improved thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometry method, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 1085-1100, 2005. (Pubitemid 41780100)
14. Chebbi, A. and Carlier, P.: Carboxylic acids in the troposphere, occurance, sources, and sinks: A review, Atmos. Environ., 30, 4233-4249, 1996.
15. Clegg, S. L., Brimblecombe, P., and Wexler, A. S.: A thermodynamic model of the system H+ - NH+ 4 -SO2? 4 -NO? 3 -H2O at tropospheric temperatures, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 2137-2154, 1998.
16. de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Roberts, J. M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Pszenny, A. A. P., Keene, W. C., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., and Bates, T. S.: Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the new england air quality study in 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D16305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005623, 2005. (Pubitemid 41431133)
17. DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281-8289, 2006. (Pubitemid 44927604)
18. Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., Stanier, C. O., and Pandis, S. N.: Coupled partitioning, dilution and chemical aging of semivolatile organics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2635-2643, 2006.
19. Donahue, N. M., Epstein, S. A., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3303-3318, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3303-2011, 2011.
20. Donahue, N. M., Kroll, J. H., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set - Part 2: Diagnostics of organic-aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 615-634, doi:10.5194/acp-12-615-2012, 2012a.
21. Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., Trump, E. R., Riipinen, I., and Kroll, J. H.: Volatility and aging of atmopsheric organic aerosol, Topics in Current Chemistry, 339, 97-143, doi:10.1007/1128-2012-1355, 2012b.
22. Durham, J. L. and Stockburger, L.: Nitric acid-air diffusion coefficient: experimental determination, Atmos. Environ., 20, 559-563, 1986. (Pubitemid 16131534)
23. E-AIM: Extended aerosol inorganic model II, available at: http://www.aim.env.uea.ac.uk/aim/aim.php, 2012.
24. Epstein, S. A., Riipinen, I., and Donahue, N. M.: A semiempirical correlation between enthalpy of vaporization and saturation concentration for organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 743- 748, 2010.
25. Ervens, B., Turpin, B. J., and Weber, R. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, doi:10.5194/acp-11- 11069-2011, 2011.
26. Fisseha, R., Dommen, J., Gaeggeler, K., Weingartner, E., Samburova, V., Kalberer, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Online gas and aerosol measurement of water soluble carboxylic acids in Zurich, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12316, doi:10.1029/2005JD006782, 2006. (Pubitemid 44687655)
27. Fry, J. L., Draper, D. C., Zarzana, K. J., Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Brown, S. S., Cohen, R. C., Kaser, L., Hansel, A., Cappellin, L., Karl, T., Hodzic Roux, A., Turnipseed, A., Cantrell, C., Lefer, B. L., and Grossberg, N.: Observations of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates at BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8585-8605, doi:10.5194/acp-13- 8585-2013, 2013.
28. Furukawa, T. and Takahashi, Y.: Oxalate metal complexes in aerosol particles: implications for the hygroscopicity of oxalatecontaining particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4289-4301, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4289-2011, 2011.
29. Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155- 2009, 2009.
30. Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Russell, L. M., Huebert, B. J., Seinfeld, J. H., Liao, H., andWeber, R. J.: A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current Models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023831, 2005. (Pubitemid 41582611)
31. Heald, C. L., Coe, H., Jimenez, J. L., Weber, R. J., Bahreini, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Russell, L. M., Jolleys, M., Fu, T.-M., Allan, J. D., Bower, K. N., Capes, G., Crosier, J., Morgan, W. T., Robinson, N. H., Williams, P. I., Cubison, M. J., DeCarlo, P. F., and Dunlea, E. J.: Exploring the vertical profile of atmospheric organic aerosol: comparing 17 aircraft field campaigns with a global model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12673-12696, doi:10.5194/acp-11- 12673-2011, 2011.
32. Hennigan, C. J., Bergin, M. H., Russell, A. G., Nenes, A., and Weber, R. J.: Gas/particle partitioning of water-soluble organic aerosol in Atlanta, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3613-3628, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3613-2009, 2009.
33. Hilal, S. H., Karickhoff, S.W., and Carreira, L. A.: Prediction of the vapor pressure boiling point, heat of vaporization and diffusion coefficient of organic compounds, QSAR Comb. Sci., 22, 565-574, 2003. (Pubitemid 37020879)
34. Hodzic, A., Jimenez, J. L., Madronich, S., Canagaratna, M. R., De- Carlo, P. F., Kleinman, L., and Fast, J.: Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: potential contribution of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5491-5514, doi:10.5194/acp-10-5491-2010, 2010.
35. Holzinger, R., Goldstein, A. H., Hayes, P. L., Jimenez, J. L., and Timkovsky, J.: Chemical evolution of organic aerosol in Los Angeles during the CalNex 2010 study, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 13, 12867-12911, doi:10.5194/acpd-13-12867-2013, 2013.
36. Jaoui, M. and Kamens, R. M.: Gaseous and particulate oxidation products analysis of a mixture of α-pinene + β-pinene/O3/air in the absence of light and α-pinene + β-pinene/NOx/air in the presence of natural sunlight, J. Atmos. Chem., 44, 259-297, 2003. (Pubitemid 36519234)
37. Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529, 2009.
38. Kalberer, M., Paulsen, D., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Dommen, J., Prevot, A. S. H., Fisseha, R., Weingartner, E., Frankevich, V., Zenobi, R., and Baltensperger, U.: Identification of polymers as major components of atmospheric organic aerosols, Science, 303, 1659-1662, 2004. (Pubitemid 38338322)
39. Kavouras, I. G., Mihalopoulos, N., and Stephanou, E. G.: Formation of atmospheric particles from organic acids produced by forests, Nature, 395, 683-686, 1997.
40. Kawamura, K., Ng, L. L., and Kaplan, I. R.: Determination of organic acids (C1-C10) in the atmosphere, motor exhausts, and engine oils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 1082-1086, 1985. (Pubitemid 16234677)
41. Keene, W. C., Pszenny, A. A. P., Maben, J. R., Stevenson, E., and Wall, A.: Closure evaluation of size-resolved aerosol pH in the new england coastal atmosphere during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23307, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD004801, 2004. (Pubitemid 40318572)
42. Kim, S., Karl, T., Guenther, A., Tyndall, G., Orlando, J., Harley, P., Rasmussen, R., and Apel, E.: Emissions and ambient distributions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) in a ponderosa pine ecosystem: interpretation of PTR-MS mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1759-1771, doi:10.5194/acp-10- 1759-2010, 2010.
43. Linstrom, P. J. and Mallard, W. G. (Eds.): "Entropy and heat capacity data" in NIST chemistry webbook, NIST standard reference database number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005.
44. Liu, J., Zhang, X., Parker, E. T., Veres, P. R., Roberts, J. M., de Gouw, J. A., Hayes, P. L., Jimenez, J. L., Murphy, J. G., Ellis, R. A., Huey, G. L., andWeber, R. J.: On the gas-particle partitioning of soluble organic aerosol in two urban atmospheres with contrasting emissions: 2. gas and particle phase formic acid, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V21, doi:10.1029/2012JD017912, 2012.
45. Matsunaga, S. N., Kato, S., Yoshino, A., Greenberg, J. P., Kajii, Y., and Guenther, A. B.: Gas-aerosol partitioning of semi volatile carbonyls in polluted atmosphere in Hachioji, Tokyo, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11805, doi:10.1029/2004GL021893, 2005. (Pubitemid 41174844)
46. Mohr, C., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Zotter, P., Prevot, A. S. H., Xu, L., Ng, L. N., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Franklin, J. P., Zahniser, M. S., Worsnop, D. R., Knighton, W. B., Aiken, A. C., Gorkowski, K. J., Dubey, M. K., Allan, J. D., and Thornton, J. A.: Contribution of nitrated phenols to woob burning brown carbon light absorption in Detling, United Kingdom during winter time, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 6316-6324, 2013.
47. Moldoveanu, S. C.: Pyrolysis of carboxylic acids, in: Pyrolysis of organic molecules with applications to health and environmental issues, edited by: Moldoveanu, S. C., 471-526, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2010.
48. Müller, L., Reinnig, M.-C., Naumann, K. H., Saathoff, H., Mentel, T. F., Donahue, N. M., and Hoffmann, T.: Formation of 3-methyl- 1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid via gas phase oxidation of pinonic acid - a mass spectrometric study of SOA aging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1483-1496, doi:10.5194/acp-12-1483-2012, 2012.
49. Murphy, D. M., Cziczo, D. J., Froyd, K. D., Hudson, P. K., Matthew, B. M., Middlebrook, A. M., Peltier, R. E., Sullivan, A., Thomson, D. S., and Weber, R. J.: Single-particle mass spectrometry of tropospheric aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S32, doi:10.1029/2006JD007340, 2006. (Pubitemid 47260840)
50. Myrdal, P. B. and Yalkowsky, S. H.: Estimating pure component vapor pressures of complex organic molecules, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2494-2499, 1997. (Pubitemid 127697653)
51. Nannoolal, Y., Rarey, J., and Ramjugernath, D.: Estimation of pure component properties Part 3. estimation of the vapor pressure of non-electrolyte organic compounds via group contributions and group interactions, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 269, 117-133, 2008.
52. Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Chhabra, P. S., Seinfeld, J. H., and Worsnop, D. R.: Changes in organic aerosol composition with aging inferred from aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6465-6474, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6465- 2011, 2011.
53. Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary organic aerosol yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580-2585, 1996.
54. Pankow, J. F.: An absorption Mmodel of gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 28, 185-188, 1994.
55. Pankow, J. F. and Asher, W. E.: SIMPOL.1: a simple group contribution method for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of multifunctional organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2773-2796, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2773- 2008, 2008.
56. Paulot, F., Wunch, D., Crounse, J. D., Toon, G. C., Millet, D. B., DeCarlo, P. F., Vigouroux, C., Deutscher, N. M., González Abad, G., Notholt, J., Warneke, T., Hannigan, J. W., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Dunlea, E. J., De Mazière, M., Griffith, D. W. T., Bernath, P., Jimenez, J. L., and Wennberg, P. O.: Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1989-2013, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1989-2011, 2011.
57. Perraud, V., Burns, E. A., Ezell, M., Johnson, S. N., Yu, Y., Alexander, M. L., Zelenyuk, A., Imre, D., Chang, W. L., Dabdub, D., Pankow, J. F., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Nonequilibrium atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation and growth, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109, 2836-2841, 2012.
58. Poling, B. E., Prausnitz, J. M., and O'Connell, J. P.: The properties of gases and liquids, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 2001.
59. Reaxys database: Reed Elsevier Properties SA, available at: https: //www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/start.do, last access: 2012.
60. Renbaum-Wolff, L., Grayson, J. W., Bateman, A. P., Kuwata, M., Sellier, M., Murry, B. J., Shilling, J. E., Martin, S. T., and Bertram, A. K.: Viscosity of a-pinene secondary organic material and implications for particle growth and reactivity, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110, 8014-8019, 2013.
61. Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. P.: Rethinking organic aerosols: semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259-1262, 2007. (Pubitemid 46364260)
62. Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., and Cass, G. R.: Sources of fine organic aerosol. 1. Charbroilers and meat cooking operations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1112-1125, 1991.
63. Rogge, W. F., Hildemann, L. M., Mazurek, M. A., and Cass, G. R.: Sources of fine organic aerosol. 4. Particulate abrasion products from leaf surfaces of urban plants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2700-2711, 1993a.
64. Rogge, W. F., Mazurek, M. A., Hildemann, L. M., and Cass, G. R.: Quantification of urban orgnaic aerosols at a molecular level: Identification, abundance and seasonal variation, Atmos. Environ., 27, 1309-1330, 1993b.
65. Saleh, R., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Time scales for gas-particle partitioning equilibration of secondary organic aerosol formed from alpha-pinene ozonolysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 5588-5594, 2013.
66. Salo, K., Jonsson, A. M., Andersson, P. U., and Hallquist, M.: Aerosol volatility and enthalpy of sublimation of carboxylic acids, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 4586-4594, 2010.
67. Shiraiwa, M. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Equilibration timescale of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol partitioning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24801, doi:10.1029/2012GL054008, 2012.
68. Shiraiwa, M., Zuend, A., Bertram, A. K., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gasparticle partitioning of atmospheric aerosols: interplay of physical state, non-ideal mixing and morphology, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 11441-11453, 2013.
69. Sommariva, R., de Gouw, J. A., Trainer, M., Atlas, E., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Warneke, C., and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Emissions and photochemistry of oxygenated VOCs in urban plumes in the Northeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7081- 7096, doi:10.5194/acp-11-7081-2011, 2011.
70. Spracklen, D. V., Jimenez, J. L., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Evans, M. J., Mann, G. W., Zhang, Q., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J., Coe, H., McFiggans, G., Rap, A., and Forster, P.: Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12109-12136, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12109-2011, 2011.
71. Szmigielski, R., Surratt, J. D., Gomez-Gonzalez, Y., Van der Verken, P., Kourtchev, I., Vermeylen, R., Blockhuys, F., Jaoui, M., Kleindienst, T. E., Lewandowski, M., Offenberg, J. H., Edney, E. O., Seinfeld, J. H., Maenhaut, W., and Claeya, M.: 3- Methyl-1,2,3-Butanetricarboxylic acid: An atmospheric tracer for terpene secondary organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24811, doi:10.1029/2007GL031338, 2007. (Pubitemid 351279337)
72. Terzi, E. and Samara, C.: Gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, adjacent coastal, and continental background sites of western Greece, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4973-4978, 2004. (Pubitemid 39332024)
73. UManSysProp: University of Manchester multiphase system online property prediction, available at: http://ratty.cas.manchester.ac. uk/informatics/, last access: July 2012.
74. Vaden, T. D., Imre, D., Beranek, J., Shrivastava, M. K., and Zelenyuk, A.: Evaporation kinetics and phase of laboratory and ambient secondary organic aerosol, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108, 2190- 2195, 2011.
75. Veres, P., Roberts, J. M., Warneke, C., Welsh-Bon, D., Zahniser, M., Herndon, S., Fall, R., and De Gouw, J. A.: Development of negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) for the measurement of gas-phase organic acids in the atmosphere, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 274, 48-55, 2008.
76. Veres, P. R., Roberts, J. M., Cochran, A. K., Gilman, J. B., Kuster, W. C., Holloway, J. S., Graus, M., Flynn, J., Lefer, B. L., Warneke, C., and de Gouw, J. A.: Evidence of rapid production of organic acids in an urban air mass, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17807, doi:10.1029/2011GL048420, 2011.
77. Virtanen, A., Jotsensaari, J., Koop, T., Kannosto, J., Yli-Pirila, P., Leskinen, J., Makela, J. M., Holopainen, J. K., Poschl, U., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Laaksonen, A.: An amorphous solid state of biogenic secondary orgnaic aerosol particles, Nature, 467, 824-827, 2010.
78. Vogel, A. L., Aijälä, M., Brüggemann, M., Ehn, M., Junninen, H., Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Williams, J., and Hoffmann, T.: Online atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (APCI-IT-MSn) for measuring organic acids in concentrated bulk aerosol - a laboratory and field study, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 431-443, doi:10.5194/amt-6-431-2013, 2013.
79. Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., Martini, F. S., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17811, doi:10.1029/2006GL026899, 2006. (Pubitemid 44945682)
80. Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Millet, D. B., Holzinger, R., Kreisberg, N.M., Hering, S. V., Allan, J. D.,Worsnop, D. R., Jimenez, J. L., and White, A. B.: Chemical speciation of organic aerosol during ICARTT 2004: Results from in-situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S26, doi:10.1029/2006JD007601, 2007. (Pubitemid 47193687)
81. Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Kreisberg, N. M., and Hering, S. V.: In situ measurements of gas/particle-phase transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 6676-6681, doi:10.1073/pnas.0911858107, 2010.
82. Xing, L., Fu, T.-M., Cao, J. J., Lee, S. C., Wang, G. H., Ho, K. F., Cheng, M.-C., You, C.-F., and Wang, T. J.: Seasonal and spatial variability of the OM/OC mass ratios and high regional correlation between oxalic acid and zinc in Chinese urban organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4307-4318, doi:10.5194/acp- 13-4307-2013, 2013.
83. Yasmeen, F., Szmigielski, R., Vermeylen, R., Gomez-Gonzalez, Y., Surratt, J. D., Chan, A. W. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Maenhaut, W., and Claeya, M.: Mass spectrometric characterization of isomeric terpenoic acids from the oxidation of δ-pinene, β-pinene, dlimonene, and 13-carene in fine forest aerosol, J. Mass Spectrom., 46, 425-442, 2011.
84. Yatavelli, R. L. N. and Thornton, J. A.: Particulate organic matter detection using a micro-orifice volatilization impactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (MOVI-CIMS), Aerosol Sci. Technol., 44, 61-74, 2010.
85. Yatavelli, R. L. N., Hilfiker, F. L., Wargo, J. D., Kimmel, J. R., Cubison, M. J., Bertram, T. H., Jimenez, J. L., Gonin, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Thornton, J. A.: A chemical ionization highresolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer coupled to a micro orifice volatilization impactor (MOVI-HRToF-CIMS) for analysis of gas and particle-phase organic species, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46, 1313-1327, 2012.
86. Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., De- Carlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced northern hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL029979, 2007. (Pubitemid 47399659)
87. Zhang, X., Liu, J., Parker, E. T., Hayes, P. L., Jimenez, J. L., de Gouw, J. A., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B. L., andWeber, R. J.: On the gas-particle partitioning of soluble organic aerosol in two urban atmospheres with contrasting emissions: 1. Bulk water-soluble organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00V16, doi:10.1029/2012JD017908, 2012.
88. Zhao, Y., Kreisberg, N. M., Worton, D. R., Isaacman, G., Weber, R. J., Liu, S., Day, D. D., Russell, L. M., Markovic, M. Z., Vandenboer, T. C., Murphy, J. G., Hering, S. V., and Goldstein, A. H.: Insights into secondary organic aerosol formation mechanisms from measured gas/particle partitioning of specific organic tracer compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3781-3787, 2013.