Relationship between tobacco and cannabis use status in outpatients with schizophrenia

American Journal on Addictions

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 170-175

  Rabin, Rachel A ^a,b   Giddens, Justine L ^a,b   George, Tony P ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CANADA; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; OUTPATIENT; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SMOKING; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSIS, DUAL (PSYCHIATRY); FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; ONTARIO; OUTPATIENTS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SMOKING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84893874274     PISSN: 10550496     EISSN: 15210391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12084.x     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Coffey C, Carlin JB, Lynskey M, et al. Adolescent precursors of cannabis dependence: Findings from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study. Br J Psychiatry. 2003; 182: 330-336. (Pubitemid 36408285)
2. Patton GC, Coffey C, Carlin JB, et al. Teen smokers reach their mid twenties. J Adolesc Health. 2006; 39: 214-220. (Pubitemid 44062334)
3. Ramo DE, Liu H, Prochaska JJ., Tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of their co-use. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012; 32: 105-121.
4. Viveros MP, Marco EM, File SE., Nicotine and cannabinoids: Parallels, contrasts and interactions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006; 30: 1161-1181. (Pubitemid 44856747)
5. Anney RJ, Lotfi-Miri M, Olsson CA, et al. Variation in the gene coding for the M5 muscarinic receptor (CHRM5) influences cigarette dose but is not associated with dependence to drugs of addiction: Evidence from a prospective population based cohort study of young adults. BMC Genet. 2007; 8: 46.
6. Agrawal A, Budney AJ, Lynskey MT., The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: A review. Addiction. 2012. 107: 1221-1233.
7. Pertwee RG., The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9- tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br J Pharmacol. 2008; 153: 199-215.
8. Court J, Spurden D, Lloyd S, et al. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in dementia with Lewy bodies and schizophrenia: Alpha-bungarotoxin and nicotine binding in the thalamus. Journal of neurochemistry. 1999; 73: 1590-1597. (Pubitemid 29440161)
9. Leweke FM, Giuffrida A, Wurster U, et al. Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizophrenia. Neuroreport. 1999; 10: 1665-1669. (Pubitemid 29354290)
10. Ziedonis DM, Kosten TR, Glazer WM, et al. Nicotine dependence and schizophrenia. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1994; 45: 204-206. (Pubitemid 24079650)
11. de Leon J, Diaz FJ., A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophr Res. 2005; 76: 135-157. (Pubitemid 40812332)
12. Jablensky A., Prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Implications for prevention. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000; 34 (Suppl.): S26-S34; discussion S35-S28.
13. Margolese HC, Malchy L, Negrete JC, et al. Drug and alcohol use among patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses: Levels and consequences. Schizophr Res. 2004; 67: 157-166. (Pubitemid 38251445)
14. Meszaros ZS, Dimmock JA, Ploutz-Snyder RJ, et al. Predictors of smoking severity in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol use disorders. Am J Addict. 2011; 20: 462-467.
15. Rabin RA, Zakzanis KK, Daskalakis ZJ, et al. The effects of cannabis use status on cognitive function, in males with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2013; 206: 158-165.
16. First MB., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
17. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA., The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987; 13: 261-276. (Pubitemid 18039085)
18. Woods SW., Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 64: 663-667. (Pubitemid 36750143)
19. American Psychiatric Association. Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
20. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK., Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1996.
21. Sobell LC, Sobell MB., Timeline Follow-Back: A Technique for Assessing Self-Reported Alcohol Consumption. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 1992.
22. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, et al. The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991; 86: 1119-1127.
23. Wechsler D., Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation; 2001.
24. Wu TC, Tashkin DP, Djahed B, et al. Pulmonary hazards of smoking marijuana as compared with tobacco. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 347-351. (Pubitemid 18044163)
25. Valjent E, Mitchell JM, Besson MJ, et al. Behavioural and biochemical evidence for interactions between Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and nicotine. Br J Pharmacol. 2002; 135: 564-578. (Pubitemid 34151189)
26. Williams JM, Ziedonis DM, Foulds J., A case series of nicotine nasal spray in the treatment of tobacco dependence among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55: 1064-1066. (Pubitemid 39209694)
27. Olincy A, Young DA, Freedman R., Increased levels of the nicotine metabolite cotinine in schizophrenic smokers compared to other smokers. Biol Psychiatry. 1997; 42: 1-5. (Pubitemid 27293529)
28. Amos A, Wiltshire S, Bostock Y, et al. ' You can't go without a fag.you need it for your hash'-A qualitative exploration of smoking, cannabis and young people. Addiction. 2004; 99: 77-81. (Pubitemid 38142225)
29. Akre C, Michaud PA, Berchtold A, et al. Cannabis and tobacco use: Where are the boundaries? A qualitative study on cannabis consumption modes among adolescents. Health Educ Res. 2010; 25: 74-82.
30. Koob GF., Neural mechanisms of drug reinforcement. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992; 654: 171-191.
31. Chen JP, Paredes W, Li J, et al. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol produces naloxone-blockable enhancement of presynaptic basal dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of conscious, freely-moving rats as measured by intracerebral microdialysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1990; 102: 156-162. (Pubitemid 20264653)
32. Ameri A., The effects of cannabinoids on the brain. Prog Neurobiol. 1999; 58: 315-348. (Pubitemid 29230000)
33. Corrigall WA, Franklin KB, Coen KM, et al. The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992; 107: 285-289.
34. Chambers RA, Krystal JH, Self DW., A neurobiological basis for substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 50: 71-83. (Pubitemid 32728207)
35. Dalack GW, Healy DJ, Meador-Woodruff JH., Nicotine dependence in schizophrenia: Clinical phenomena and laboratory findings. Am J Psychiatry. 1998; 155: 1490-1501. (Pubitemid 28512015)
36. Lyons MJ, Bar JL, Kremen WS, et al. Nicotine and familial vulnerability to schizophrenia: A discordant twin study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002; 111: 687-693. (Pubitemid 35247016)
37. Chen J, Brunzell DH, Jackson K, et al. ACSL6 is associated with the number of cigarettes smoked and its expression is altered by chronic nicotine exposure. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e28790.
38. Dixon L, Medoff DR, Wohlheiter K, et al. Correlates of severity of smoking among persons with severe mental illness. Am J Addict. 2007; 16: 101-110. (Pubitemid 46633925)
39. Jockers-Scherubl MC, Wolf T, Radzei N, et al. Cannabis induces different cognitive changes in schizophrenic patients and in healthy controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 31: 1054-1063. (Pubitemid 46824020)
40. Schnell T, Koethe D, Daumann J, et al. The role of cannabis in cognitive functioning of patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009; 205: 45-52.
41. Rabin RA, Zakzanis KK, George TP., The effects of cannabis use on neurocognition in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2011; 128: 111-116.
42. Sacco KA, Termine A, Seyal A, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on spatial working memory and attentional deficits in schizophrenia: Involvement of nicotinic receptor mechanisms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62: 649-659. (Pubitemid 40973440)
43. George TP., Neurobiological links between nicotine addiction and schizophrenia. J Dual Diag. 2007; 3: 27-42. (Pubitemid 350171287)
44. Hong LE, Thaker GK, McMahon RP, et al. Effects of moderate-dose treatment with varenicline on neurobiological and cognitive biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 68: 1195-1206.
45. Aguilar MC, Gurpegui M, Diaz FJ, et al. Nicotine dependence and symptoms in schizophrenia: Naturalistic study of complex interactions. Br J Psychiatry. 2005; 186: 215-221. (Pubitemid 40343815)
46. Glynn SM, Sussman S., Why patients smoke. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1990; 41: 1027-1028. (Pubitemid 20288644)
47. Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden P, et al. Acute effects of drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: Clinical observations and patients' self-reports. Schizophr Bull. 1990; 16: 69-79. (Pubitemid 20110376)
48. Lising-Enriquez K, George TP., Psychopharmacology for the Clinician. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2009; 34: E1-E2.
49. Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Hui P, et al. Self-reported motivation to smoke in schizophrenia is related to antipsychotic drug treatment. Schizophr Res. 2008; 100: 252-260.
50. Kotov R, Guey LT, Bromet EJ, et al. Smoking in schizophrenia: Diagnostic specificity, symptom correlates, and illness severity. Schizophr Bull. 2010; 36: 173-181.
51. Grech A, Van Os J, Jones PB, et al. Cannabis use and outcome of recent onset psychosis. Eur Psychiatry. 2005; 20: 349-353. (Pubitemid 40978562)
52. van Os J, Bak M, Hanssen M, et al. Cannabis use and psychosis: A longitudinal population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 156: 319-327. (Pubitemid 34857999)
53. Compton MT, Kelley ME, Ramsay CE, et al. Association of pre-onset cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use with age at onset of prodrome and age at onset of psychosis in first-episode patients. Am J Psychiatry. 2009; 166: 1251-1257.
54. Riala K, Hakko H, Isohanni M, et al. Is initiation of smoking associated with the prodromal phase of schizophrenia ? J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2005; 30: 26-32. (Pubitemid 40289243)
55. George TP, Sernyak MJ, Ziedonis DM, et al. Effects of clozapine on smoking in chronic schizophrenic outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995; 56: 344-346.
56. Procyshyn RM, Ihsan N, Thompson D., A comparison of smoking behaviours between patients treated with clozapine and depot neuroleptics. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001; 16: 291-294. (Pubitemid 32822449)
57. Green AI, Burgess ES, Dawson R, et al. Alcohol and cannabis use in schizophrenia: Effects of clozapine vs. risperidone. Schizophr Res. 2003; 60: 81-85. (Pubitemid 36015790)
58. de Leon J., Atypical antipsychotic dosing: The effect of smoking and caffeine. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55: 491-493. (Pubitemid 38620109)
59. Koskinen J, Lohonen J, Koponen H, et al. Rate of cannabis use disorders in clinical samples of patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2009; 36: 1115-1130.
60. Aldington S, Williams M, Nowitz M, et al. Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms. Thorax. 2007; 62: 1058-1063. (Pubitemid 350206197)
61. Hennekens CH., Increasing global burden of cardiovascular disease in general populations and patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007; 68 (Suppl 4): 4-7. (Pubitemid 46762117)
62. Tran E, Rouillon F, Loze JY, et al. Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: An 11-year prospective cohort study. Cancer. 2009; 115: 3555-3562.