Chiton phylogeny (Mollusca:Polyplacophora) and the placement of the enigmatic species Choriplax grayi (H. Adams & Angas)

Invertebrate Systematics

Volumn 27, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 603-621

  Sigwart, Julia D ^a   Stoeger, Isabella ^b   Knebelsberger, Thomas ^c   Schwabe, Enrico ^b  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^b ZOOLOGISCHE STAATSSAMMLUNG MÜNCHEN   (Germany)

^c SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; CLADISTICS; DIVERGENCE; GENETIC MARKER; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MOLLUSC; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; RARE SPECIES; RELATEDNESS; SHELL; TAXONOMY;

EID: 84893771660     PISSN: 14455226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/IS13013     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Adams, H., and Angas, G. F. (1864). Descriptions of new genera and species of Chitonidae from the Australian Seas, in the collection of George French Angas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 32, 192-194.
2. Ashby, E. (1921). The rediscovery of Choriplax (-Microplax) Gray, Adams & Angas (order Polyplacophora), with notesonits true placeinthe natural system and the description of a new sub-species. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 45, 136-142, pl. 9.
3. Ashby, E. (1928). The rediscovery of Tonicia cuneata Suter and Acanthochites thileniusi Thiele (order Polyplacophora) together with the description of a new genus and short review of the New Zealand Acanthochitonidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 58, 392-407.
4. Baxter, J. M., Sturrock, M. G., and Jones, A. M. (1990). The structure of the intrapigmented aesthetes and the properiostracum layer in Callochiton achatinus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Journal of Zoology 220, 447-468. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04318.x
5. Bergenhayn, J.R. M.(1955). Die fossilen schwedischen Loricaten nebst einer vorläufigen Revision des Systems der ganzen Klasse Loricata. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar N.F. 66, 1-44.
6. Bonfitto, A., Dell'Angelo, B., Evangelisti, F., and Sabelli, B. (2011). The genus Acanthochitona (Mollusca: Polylacophora) in the Mediterranean Sea: morphological and molecular data. Scientia Marina 75, 171-180. doi:10.3989/scimar.2011.75n1171
7. Buckland-Nicks, J. A. (1995). Spermatozoal ultrastructure in Aculifera with reference to mechanism of fertilization: implications for the phylogeny of molluscs. Mémoires du Muséum nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 166, 129-153.
8. Buckland-Nicks, J. (2006). Fertilization in chitons: morphological clues to phylogeny. Venus (Fukuyama-Shi, Japan) 65, 51-70.
9. Buckland-Nicks, J. A. (2008). Fertilization biology and the evolution of chitons. AmericanMalacologicalBulletin 25, 97-111.doi:10.4003/0740-2783-25.1.97
10. Carpenter, J. M., and Wheeler, W. C. (1999). Towards simultaneous analysis of morphological and molecular data in Hymenoptera. Zoologica Scripta 28, 251-260. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00009.x
11. Client (2004). Alexandria Digital Library Gazetteer Server Client. G. Standard version 3.2. The Regents of the University of California, Santa Barbara. Availableat http://middleware.alexandria.ucsb.edu/client/gaz/adl/index. jsp [Accessed 1 April 2008]
12. Cotton, B. C., and Weeding, B. J. (1939). Flindersian loricates. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 63, 180-199.
13. Doonan, J., Beatty, G., Sigwart, J., and Provan, J. (2012). Extensive local-scale geneflow and long-term population stabilityinthe intertidal mollusc Katharina tunicata (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London 106, 589-597. doi:10.11 11/j.1095-8312.2012. 01892.x
14. Eernisse, D. J., Clark, R. N., and Draeger, A. (2007). Polyplacophora. In 'Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, 4th Edn'. (Ed. J. T. Carlton.) pp. 701-713. (University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA.)
15. Eernisse, D. J., and Reynolds, P. D. (1994). Chapter 3. Polyplacophora. In 'Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, Vol. 5, Mollusca 1'. (Ed. F. W. Harrison and A. J. Kohn.) pp. 56-110. (Wiley-Liss: New York, NY, USA.)
16. Ferreira, A. J. (1981). Laminoplax, a new genus of chitons and the taxonomic position of Hanleya dalli Kaas, 1957 (Polyplacophora: Afossochitonidae). The Nautilus 95, 189-193.
17. Fieber, F. X. (1861). 'Die Europäischen Hemiptera: Halbflügler. (Rhynchota Heteroptera).' (Carl Gerold's Sohn: Vienna, Austria.)
18. Fischer, P. (1887). 'Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie conchyliologique.' (Librairie F. Savy: Paris, France.)
19. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., and Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3, 294-299.
20. Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguñà, J., Riutort, M., and Ribera, C. (1996). First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada+Arthropoda clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13, 76-84. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025573
21. Giribet, G., Okusu, A., Lindgren, A. R., Huff, S. W., Schrödl, M., and Nishiguchi, M. K. (2006). Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: monoplacophorans are related to chitons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 7723-7728. doi:10.1073/pnas.060 2578103
22. Goloboff, P. A. (1999). Analyzing large data sets in reasonable times: solutions for composite optima. Cladistics 15, 415-428. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031. 1999.tb00278.x
23. Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. (1987). The suborder Choriplacina Starobogatov & Sirenko, 1975 with a redescription of Choriplax grayi (H. Adams & Angas, 1864) (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 111, 105-110.
24. Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. (1998). Suborder Choriplacina. In 'Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis'. (Eds P. L. Beesley, G. J. B. Ross, and A. Wells.) p. 180. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Australia.)
25. Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. (2001). Polyplacophora. In 'Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 17.2. Mollusca: Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda'. (Eds A. Wells and W. W. K. Houston.) pp. 19-84. (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Australia.)
26. Haddon, A. C. (1886). Report on the Polyplacophora collected by H.M. S. "Challenger" during the years 1873-76. Challenger Reports 15 (43): 1-50, pls 1-3.
27. Hickman, C. S. (1980). Evolution and function of asymmetry in the archeogastropod radula. The Veliger 23, 189-194.
28. Huang, X., and Madan, A. (1999). CAP3: A DNA sequence assembly program. Genome Research 9, 868-877. doi:10.1101/gr.9.9.868
29. Hunter, W. R., and Brown, S. C. (1965). Ctenidial number in relation to size in certain chitons with a discussion of its phylogenetic significance. The Biological Bulletin 128, 508-521. doi:10.2307/1539910
30. Hyman, L. H. (1967). 'The Invertebrates. Vol. VI. Mollusca I. Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda.' (McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, USA.)
31. Iredale, T. (1910a). Notes on Polyplacophora, chiefly Australasian. (part 1). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 9, 90-105.
32. Iredale, T. (1910b). Notes on Polyplacophora, chiefly Australasian. (part 2). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 9, 153-162.
33. Iredale, T., and Hull, A. F. B. (1925). A monograph of the Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca-Order Loricata)V. Australian Zoologist 4, 75-111.
34. Iredale, T., and McMichael, D. F. (1962). A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Australian Museum Memoir 11, 1-109. doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1967.11.1962.426
35. Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R. A. (1980). 'Catalogue of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora).' (W. Backhuys Publisher: Rotterdam, Netherlands.)
36. Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R. A. (1985a). 'Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 1, Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina.' (EJ. Brill/W. Backhuys: Leiden, Netherlands.)
37. Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R. A. (1985b). 'Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 2, Suborder Ischnochitonina, Ischnochitonidae: Schizoplacinae, Callochitoninae & Lepidochitoninae.' (EJ. Brill/W. Backhuys: Leiden, Netherlands.)
38. Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R. A. (1990). 'Monograph of living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). 4, Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (continued). Additions to vols 1, 2 and 3.' (E. J. Brill: Leiden, Netherlands.)
39. Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R. A.(1998). 'Catalogueofliving chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Second, revised edition.' (Backhyus Publishers: Leiden, Netherlands.)
40. Kelly, R. P., and Eernisse, D. J. (2007). Southern hospitality: a latitudinal gradient in gene flow in the marine environment. Evolution 61, 700-707.
41. Kelly, R. P., and Eernisse, D. J. (2008). Reconstructing a radiation: the chiton genus Mopalia in the north Pacific. Invertebrate Systematics 22, 17-28. doi:10.1071/IS06021
42. Kelly, R. P., and Palumbi, S. R. (2010). Genetic structure among 50 species of the northeastern Pacific rocky intertidal community. PLoS ONE 5, e8594. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008594
43. Kelly, R. P., Sarkar, I. N., Eernisse, D. J., and Desalle, R. (2007). DNA barcoding using chitons (genus Mopalia). Molecular Ecology Notes 7, 177-183. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01641.x
44. Kelly, R. P., Oliver, T. A., Sivasundar, A., and Palumbi, S. R. (2010). A method for detecting population genetic structure in diverse, high gene-flow species. The Journal of Heredity 101, 423-436. doi:10.1093/jhered/esq022
45. Kocot, K.M., Cannon, J.T., Todt, C., Citarella, M.R., Kohn, A.B., Meyer, A., Santos, S. R., Schander, C., Moroz, L. L., Lieb, B., and Halanych, K. M. (2011). Phylogenomicsrevealsdeepmolluscan relationships.Nature 477, 452-456. doi:10.1038/nature10382
46. Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N.P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P.A., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I. M., Wilm, A., Lopez, R., Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., and Higgins, D. G. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23, 2947-2948. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404
47. Lay, I. T. (2006). Molekularphylogenetische Analyse der Hämocyanine der Polyplacophora. Bachelor of Sciences thesis, Johannes-Gutenberg- Universität in Mainz, Germany.
48. Lord, J. P. (2011). Larval development, metamorphosis and early growth of the Gumboot Chiton Cryptochiton stelleri (Middendorff, 1847) (Polyplacophora: Mopaliidae) on the Oregon coast. The Journal of Molluscan Studies 77, 182-188. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr004
49. Ludbrook, N. H., and Gowlett-Holmes, K. L. (1989). Chitons, Gastropods, and Bivalves. In 'Marine Invertebrates of South Australia. Part II'. (Eds S. A. Sheperd and I. M. Thomas.) pp. 504-724. (South Australia Gouvernement Printing Devision, Adelaide, Australia.)
50. Meyer, A., Todt, C., Mikkelsen, N. T., and Lieb, B.(2010). Fast evolving 18S rRNA sequences from Solenogastres (Mollusca) resist standard PCR amplification and give new insights into mollusk substitution rate heterogeneity. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 70. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-70
51. Mickevich, M. F., and Farris, J. S. (1981). The implications of congruence in Menidia. Systematic Zoology 30, 351-370. doi:10.2307/2413255
52. Nierstrasz, H. F. (1905). Die Chitonen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie 48, 1-112.
53. Okusu, A., Schwabe, E., Eernisse, D. J., and Giribet, G. (2003). Towards a phylogeny of chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) based on combined analysis of five molecular loci. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 3, 281-302. doi:10.1078/1439-6092-00085
54. OZCAM (Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums) (2008). Provider, Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums. Available via GBIF data portal, http://de.mirror.gbif.org/portal/datasets/resource/623 [accessed 28 June 2008]
55. Pilsbry, H. A. (1892). Monograph of the Polyplacophora. In 'Manual of Conchology', Vol. 14. (Ed G.W. Tryon.) pp. 1-350 (Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA.)
56. Pilsbry, H. A. (1893). Monograph of the Polyplacophora. In 'Manual of Conchology', Vol. 15. (Ed.G.W.Tryon.) pp. 1-133 (AcademyofNatural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA.)
57. Pilsbry, H. A. (1894a). Notices of new chitons, III. The Nautilus 7, 138-139.
58. Pilsbry, H. A. (1894b). List of Port Jackson chitons collected by Dr. J.C. Cox, with a revision of Australian Acanthochitonidae. Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 46, 69-89.
59. Posada, D. (2008). jModelTest: Phylogenetic Model Averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25, 1253-1256. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn083
60. Saito, H. (2004). Phylogenetic significance of the radula in chitons, with special reference to the Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Bollettino Malacologico Suppl. 5, 83-104.
61. Schwabe, E. (2004). The Polyplacophora (Mollusca) collected during the First International Marine Biodiversity Workshop for Rodrigues (western Indian Ocean), with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 38, 3143-3173. doi:10.1080/00222930410001695114
62. Schwabe, E. (2005). A catalogue of Recent and fossil chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Addenda. Novapex 6, 89-105.
63. Schwabe, E. (2010). Illustrated summary of chiton terminology. (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Spixiana 33, 171-194.
64. Schwabe, E. (2012). Cryptochiton stelleri (von Middendorff, 1847). Available via World Register of Marine Species at http://www. marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails & id=240776 [Accessed 25 September 2012.]
65. Schwabe, E. (2013). Callochitonidae. Available via World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails & id=385492 [Accessed 24 March 2013.]
66. Sigwart, J. D. (2008). Gross anatomy and positional homology of gills, gonopores, and nephridiopores in "basal" living chitons (Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurina). American Malacological Bulletin 25, 43-49.
67. Sigwart, J. D. (2009). Morphological cladistic analysis as a model for character evaluation in primitive living chitons (Polyplacophora, Lepidopleurina). American Malacological Bulletin 27, 95-104. doi: 10.4003/006.027.0208
68. Sigwart, J. D., Schwabe, E., Saito, H., Samadi, S., and Giribet, G (2011). Evolution in the deep sea: combined analysis of the earliest-derived living chitons using molecules and morphology (Mollusca, Polyplacophora, Lepidopleurida). Invertebrate Systematics 24, 560-572.
69. Sirenko, B. I. (1993). Revision of the system of the order Chitonida (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) on the basis of correlation between the type of gills arrangement and the shape of the chorion processes. Ruthenica 3, 93-117.
70. Sirenko, B. I. (1997). The importance of the development of articulamentum for taxonomy of chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Ruthenica 7, 1-24.
71. Sirenko, B. I. (2006). New outlook on the system of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Venus (Fukuyama-Shi, Japan) 65, 27-49.
72. Sirenko, B. I., Abramson, N. I., and Vagapov, A. I. (2013). Schizoplax brandtii (Middendorf, 1847)-an example of "explosive speciation"? The Bulletin of the Far East Malacological Society 17, 151-166.
73. Slieker, F. J. A. (2000). 'Chitons of the world. An illustrated synopsis of recent Polyplacophora', (Mostra Mondiale Malacologia: Cupra Marittima, Italy.).
74. Smith, A. G (1960). Amphineura. In 'Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. I, Mollusca' (Ed R. C. Moore) I: 41-76 (University of Kansas Press: Lawrence, USA.)
75. Smith, S. A., Wilson, N. G, Goetz, F. E., Feehery, C, Andrade, S. C, Rouse, G W., Giribet, G, and Dunn, C. W. (2011). Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature 480, 364-367. doi: 10.1038/nature10526
76. Speiser, D. I., Eernisse, D. J., and Johnsen, S. (2011). A chiton uses aragonite lenses to form images. Current Biology 21, 665-670. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.033
77. Starobogatov, Y. I., and Sirenko, B. I. (1975). On the systematics of the Polyplacophora. In: 'Molluscs, their systematics, evolution and significance' (Ed I. M. Likharev). Vol. 5: 21-23. (Leningrad, USSR) [English translation in Malacological Review 11 (1978), 73-74.]
78. Stöger, I., Sigwart, J. D., Kano, Y., Knebelsberger, T., Marshall, B. A., Schwabe, E., and Schrödl, M. (2013). The continuing debate on deep molluscan phylogeny: evidence for Serialia (Mollusca, Monoplacophora+ Polyplacophora). BioMed Research International doi:10.1155/2013/407072
79. Thiele, J. (1909). Revision des Systems der Chitonen. II. Teil. Zoologica. Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie, Stuttgart 22, 71-132[n.b. 1910 printed on title page; listings on subsequent journal covers show it was printed in 1909].
80. Todt, C., Okusu, A., Schander, C., and Schwabe, E. (2008). Solenogastres, Caudofoveata, and Polyplacophora. In 'Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca'.(EdsW.F.PonderandD.R.Lindberg.) pp. 71-96. (University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA.)
81. Tryon, G. W., Jr. (1883). 'Structural and Systematic Conchology: an Introduction to the Study of the Mollusca. 2.' (Philadelphia, PA, USA.)
82. Van Belle, R. A. (1975). Sur la classification des Polyplacophora. II. Classification systematique des Lepidopleurina (Neoloricata), avec la descriptiondesHelminthochitoninaen.subfam.(Lepidopleuridae)etde Mesochiton nov. gen. (Helminthochitoninae). Informations de la Societe Belge de Malacologie 4, 135-145, pls 2-3.
83. Van Belle, R. A. (1983). The systematic classification of the chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Informations de la Societe Belge de Malacologie 11, 1-179.
84. Van Belle, R. A. (1999). Polyplacophora: classification and synonymy of recent (sub)genera. The Festivus 31, 69-72.
85. Varón, A., Vinh, L. S., and Wheeler, W. C. (2010). POY version 4: phylogenetic analysis using dynamic homologies. Cladistics 26, 72-85. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00282.x
86. Vendrasco, M. J., Fernandez, C. Z., Eernisse, D. J., and Runnegar, B. (2008). Aesthete canal morphology in the Mopaliidae (Polyplacophora). American Malacological Bulletin 25, 51-69. doi:10.4003/0740-2783-25.1.51
87. Vockeroth, J. R. (1966). A method of mounting insects from alcohol. Canadian Entomologist 98, 69-70. doi:10.4039/Ent9869-1
88. Wägele, H., and Klussmann-Kolb, A. (2005). Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)-more than just slimy slugs. Shell reduction and its implications on defence and foraging. Frontiers in Zoology 2, 3. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-2-3
89. Whiting, M. F., Carpenter, J. C., Wheeler, Q. D., and Wheeler, W. C. (1997). The Strepsiptera problem: Phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology 46, 1-68.
90. Xiong, B., and Kocher, T. D. (1991). Comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences of seven morphospecies of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genome 34, 306-311. doi:10.1139/g91-050