The Eyjabakkajökull glacial landsystem, Iceland: Geomorphic impact of multiple surges

Geomorphology

Volumn 218, Issue , 2014, Pages 98-107

  Schomacker, Anders ^a   Benediktsson, Ívar Örn ^b   Ingólfsson, Ólafur ^c,d  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^d UNIVERSITY CENTRE IN SVALBARD   (Norway)

Author keywords

Aerial photographs; Eyjabakkaj kull; Glacial geomorphology; Iceland; Landsystem; Surge type glacier

Indexed keywords

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; GEOMORPHOLOGY; GIS; GLACIAL LANDFORM; ICE STREAM; MAP; MORAINE;

ICELAND;

EID: 84893753049     PISSN: 0169555X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Bakker M.A.J., van der Meer J.J.M. Structure of a Pleistocene push moraine revealed by GPR: the eastern Veluwe Ridge, The Netherlands. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 2003, 211:143-152. C.S. Bristow, H.M. Jol (Eds.).
2. Benediktsson I.O., Möller P., Ingólfsson Ó., van der Meer J.J.M., Kjær K.H., Krüger J. Instantaneous end moraine and sediment wedge formation during the 1890 surge of Brúarjökull, Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:209-234.
3. Benediktsson I.O., Ingólfsson Ó., Schomacker A., Kjær K.H. Formation of submarginal and proglacial end moraines: implications of ice-flow mechanism during the 1963-64 surge of Brúarjökull, Iceland. Boreas 2009, 38:440-457.
4. Benediktsson I.O., Schomacker A., Lokrantz H., Ingólfsson Ó. The 1890 surge end moraine at Eyjabakkajökull, Iceland: a re-assessment of a classic glaciotectonic locality. Quaternary Science Reviews 2010, 29:484-506.
5. Bergthórsson P. An estimate of drift ice and temperature in Iceland in 1000years. Jökull 1969, 19:94-101.
6. Björnsson H., Pálsson F., Sigurdsson O., Flowers G.E. Surges of glaciers in Iceland. Annals of Glaciology 2003, 36:82-90.
7. Boulton G.S., van der Meer J.J.M., Beets D.J., Hart J., Ruegg G.H.J. The sedimentary and structural evolution of a recent push moraine complex: Holmstrømbreen, Spitsbergen. Quaternary Science Reviews 1999, 18:339-371.
8. Croot D.G. Glacio-tectonic structures: a mesoscale model of thin-skinned thrust sheets?. Journal of Structural Geology 1987, 9:797-808.
9. Croot D.G. Morphological, structural and mechanical analysis of neoglacial ice-pushed ridges in Iceland. Glaciotectonics: Forms and Processes 1988, 33-47. Balkema, Rotterdam. D.G. Croot (Ed.).
10. Evans D.J.A., Rea B.R. Geomorphology and sedimentology of surging glaciers: a landsystem approach. Annals of Glaciology 1999, 28:75-82.
11. Evans D.J.A., Rea B.R. Surging glacier landsystem. Glacial Landsystems 2003, 259-288. Arnold, London. D.J.A. Evans (Ed.).
12. Evans D.J.A., Lemmen D.S., Rea B.R. Glacial landsystems of the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet: modern Icelandic analogues. Journal of Quaternary Science 1999, 14:673-691.
13. Evans D.J.A., Twigg D.R., Rea B.R., Shand M. Surfical geology and geomorphology of the Brúarjökull surging glacier landsystem. Journal of Maps 2007, 2007:349-367.
14. Evans D.J., Twigg D.R., Rea B.R., Orton C. Surging glacier landsystem of Tungnaárjökull, Iceland. Journal of Maps 2009, 2009:134-151.
15. Evans D.J.A., Twigg D.R., Orton C. Satujökull glacial landsystem, Iceland. Journal of Maps 2010, 2010:639-650.
16. Ferguson A., van der Meer J.J.M., Benediktsson I.O., Schomacker A., Andersson T. The sedimentological and glaciological relationships between tills, flutes and crevasse-fill ridges during a surge, Eyjabakkajökull, Iceland. EGU General Assembly 2009. Geophysical Research Abstracts 2009, 11. (EGU2009-1248).
17. Flowers G.E., Björnsson H., Geirsdóttir Á., Miller G.H., Black J.L., Clarke G.K.C. Holocene climate conditions and glacier variation in central Iceland from physical modelling and empirical evidence. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:797-813.
18. Friedman J.D., Johanson C.E., Óskarsson N., Svansson H., Thorarinsson S., Williams S.R. Observations on Icelandic polygon surfaces and palsa areas. Photo interpretations and field studies. Geografiska Annaler 1971, 53A:115-145.
19. Grant K.L., Stokes C.R., Evans I.S. Identification and characteristics of surge-type glaciers on Novaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic. Journal of Glaciology 2009, 55:960-972.
20. Gudmundsson H. A review of the Holocene environmental history of Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews 1997, 16:81-92.
21. Hansen S. From surge-type to non-surge-type glacier behavior: midre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology 2003, 36:97-102.
22. Johnson M.D., Schomacker A., Benediktsson I.O., Geiger A.J., Ferguson A., Ingólfsson Ó. Active drumlin field revealed at the margin of Múlajökull, Iceland: a surge-type glacier. Geology 2010, 38:943-946.
23. Kaldal I., Víkingsson S. Jardgrunnskort af Eyjabökkum. Orkustofnun report OS-2000/068 2000, (Reykjavík, Iceland, 10 pp.).
24. Kjær K.H., Larsen E., van der Meer J.J.M., Ingólfsson Ó., Krüger J., Benediktsson I.O., Knudsen C.G., Schomacker A. Subglacial decoupling at the sediment/bedrock interface: a new mechanism for rapid flowing ice. Quaternary Science Reviews 2006, 25:2704-2712.
25. Kjær K.H., Korsgaard N.J., Schomacker A. Impact of multiple glacier surges - a geomorphological map from Brúarjökull, East Iceland. Journal of Maps 2008, 2008:5-20.
26. Knudsen Ó. Concertina eskers, Brúarjökull, Iceland: an indicator of surge-type glacier behaviour. Quaternary Science Reviews 1995, 14:487-493.
27. Kuriger E.M., Truffer M., Motyka R.J., Bucki A.K. Episodic reactivation of large-scale push moraines in front of the advancing Taku Glacier, Alaska. JJournal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111:F01009. 10.1029/2005JF000385.
28. Magnússon E., Pálsson F., Björnsson H. Yfirbord Brúar- og Eyjabakkajökuls og vatnasvid Jökulsár á Brú, Kreppu, Kverkár og Jökulsár á Fljótsdal 1946-2000. Raunvísindastofnun Háskólan, RH-10-2004 2004, Internal report of the Science Institute, University of Iceland, in Icelandic, (32 pp.).
29. Motyka R.J., Echelmeyer K.A. Taku Glacier (Alaska, U.S.A.) on the move again: active deformation of proglacial sediments. Journal of Glaciology 2003, 49:50-58.
30. Ólafsdóttir E. Myndun og thróun krákustígsása vid Eyjabakkajökul 2011, (M.Sc. thesis), Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, (Available online at: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/9484 (in Icelandic)).
31. Schomacker A., Kjær K.H. Origin and de-icing of multiple generations of ice-cored moraines at Brúarjökull, Iceland. Boreas 2007, 36:411-425.
32. Schomacker A., Krüger J., Kjær K.H. Ice-cored drumlins at the surge-type glacier Brúarjökull, Iceland: a transitional-state landform. Journal of Quaternary Science 2006, 21:85-93.
33. Sharp M. Sedimentation and stratigraphy at Eyjabakkajökull - an Icelandic surging glacier. Quaternary Research 1985, 24:268-284.
34. Sharp M. "Crevasse-fill" ridges - a landform type characteristic of surging glaciers?. Geografiska Annaler 1985, 67A:213-220.
35. Striberger J., Björck S., Benediktsson I.O., Snowball I., Uvo C.B., Ingólfsson Ó., Kjær K.H. Climatic control of the surge periodicity of an Icelandic outlet glacier. Journal of Quaternary Science 2011, 26:561-565.
36. Thorarinsson S. Über anomale Gletcherswankungen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Vatnajökullgebietes. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholms Förhandlingar 1938, 60:490-506.
37. Thorarinsson S. Oscillations of the Icelandic glaciers in the last 250years. Geografiska Annaler 1943, 25:1-54.
38. Thoroddsen Th. Ferdabók. Skýrslur um rannsóknir á Íslandi 1882-1898. thridja bindi. Kaupmannahöfn, Hid íslenzka frædafélag 1914, (360 pp.).
39. Todtmann E.M. Am Rand des Eyjabakkagletchers, Sommer 1953. Jökull 1953, 3:34-36.
40. Todtmann E.M. Übersicht über die Eisrandlagen in Kringilsárrani von 1890-1955. Jökull 1955, 5:8-10.
41. Todtmann E.M. Gletcherforschungen auf Island (Vatnajökull). Universität Hamburg. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiet des Auslandskunde 1960, 65C:1-95.
42. van der Meer J.J.M. Spitsbergen push moraines. Developments in Quaternary Science 2004, 4. Elsevier, Amsterdam, (212 pp.).
43. van der Wateren D.F.M. Structural geology and sedimentology of push moraines: processes of soft sediment deformation in a glacial environment and the distribution of glaciotectonic styles. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst 1995, 54:1-168.
44. Williams R.S.Jr Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland. United States Geological Survey Prof. Paper 1976, 929:188-193.