Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal origin

Clinical and Translational Oncology

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 128-140

  Losa, F ^a   Barrios, P ^a   Salazar, R ^b   Torres Melero, J ^c   Benavides, M ^d   Massuti, T ^e   Ramos, I ^a   Aranda, E ^f  

^a Hospital de Sant Joan Despi Moises Broggi   (Spain)

^b CATALAN INSTITUTE OF ONCOLOGY   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL TORRECÁRDENAS   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL REGIONAL UNIVERSITARIO DE MÁLAGA   (Spain)

^e HOSPITAL GENERAL UNIVERSITARIO DE ALICANTE   (Spain)

^f HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO REINA SOFÍA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC); Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin; Peritoneal carcinomatosis surgical techniques; Radical cytoreductive surgery (CRS); Radical treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC); Sugarbaker's peritonectomy procedures

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CARCINOMA; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED; INCIDENCE; INFUSIONS, PARENTERAL; PERITONEAL NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84893722784     PISSN: 1699048X     EISSN: 16993055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1053-x     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Chu DZJ, Lang NP, Thompson C, Osteen PK, Westbrook KC. Peritoneal carcinomatosis in nongynecological malignancy: a prospective study of prognostic factors. Cancer. 1989;63:364-7.
2. Jayne DG, Fook S, Loi C, Seow-Choen F. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2002;89:1545-50.
3. Sadeghi B, Arvieux C, Glehen O, Beaujard AC, Rivoire M, Baulieux J, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from non-gynecologic malignancies: results of the EVOCAPE 1 multicentric prospective study. Cancer. 2000;88:358-63.
4. Sugarbaker PH, Gianola FJ, Speyer JC, Wesley R, Barofsky I, Meyers CE. Prospective randomized trial of intravenous versus intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. Surgery. 1985;98:414-21.
5. Jacquet P, Averbach AM, Stephens AD, Sugarbaker PH. Cancer recurrence following laparoscopic colectomy. Report of two patients treated with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:1110-4.
6. Al-Shammaa HA, Yonemura Y. Current status and future strategies of cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:1159-66.
7. Sugarbaker PH. Peritonectomy procedures. Ann Surg. 1995;22:29-42.
8. Elias D, Detroz B, Debaene B, Damia E, Leclercq B, Rougier P, et al. Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis by intraperitoneal chemo-hyperthermia: reliable and unreliable concepts. Hepatogastroenterology. 1994;41:207-13.
9. Gómez Portilla A, Cendoya I, López de Tejada I, Olabarría I, Martínez de Lecea C, Magrach L, et al. Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Current treatment. Review and update. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2005;97:716-37.
10. Sugarbaker PH, Cunliffe WJ, Belliveau J, de Bruijn EA, Graves T, Mullins RE, et al. Rationale for integrating early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy into the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Semin Oncol. 1989;16:83-97.
11. Yan TD, Black D, Savady R, Sugarbaker PH. Systematic review on the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4011-9.
12. Verwaal VJ, van Ruth S, Witkamp A, Boot H, van Slooten G, Zoetmulder FA. Long-term survival of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12:65-71.
13. Koppe MJ, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ, Bleichrodt RP. Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: incidence and current treatment strategies. Ann Surg. 2006;243:212-22.
14. Sugarbaker PH. Peritoneum as first-line of defense in carcinomatosis. J Surg Oncol. 2007;95(2):93-6.
15. Elias D, Goéré D. Respectons le Péritoine. C'est notre première ligne de défense contre la carcinose. J Chir. 2007;144:275-6.
16. Massacesi C, Pistilli B, Valeri M, Lippe P, Rocchi MBL, Cellerino R, et al. Predictors of short-term survival and progression to chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil based regimens. Am J Clin Oncol. 2002;25:140-8.
17. Anonymous: Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response rate. Advanced colorectal cancer meta-analysis project. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:896-03.
18. De Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, Homerin M, Hmissi A, Cassidy J, et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:2938-47.
19. Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, Rosen LS, Fehrenbacher L, Moore MJ, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:905-14.
20. Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, Navarro M, Karasek P, Jandik P, et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. A multicenter randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1041-7.
21. Tournigand C, André T, Achille E, Lledo G, Flesh M, Mery-Mignard D, et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:229-37.
22. Kabbinavar FF, Schulz J, McCleod M, Patel T, Hamm JT, Hecht JR, et al. Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3697-705.
23. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Cartwright T, Hainsworth J, Heim W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2335-42.
24. Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RE, Fuchs ChS, Ramanatham RK, Williamson SK, et al. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:23-30.
25. Franko J, Shi Q, Goldman CD, Pockaj BA, Nelson GD, Goldberg RM, et al. Treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis with systemic chemotherapy: a pooled analysis of North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Trials N9741 and N9841. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:263-7.
26. Jacquet P, Sugarbaker PH. Clinical research methodologies in diagnosis and staging of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer Treat Res. 1996;82:359-74.
27. Tentes AA. Peritoneal cancer index: a prognostic indicator of survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2003;29:69-73.
28. Berthet B, Sugarbaker TA, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH. Quantitative methodologies for selection of patients with recurrent abdominopelvic sarcoma for treatment. Eur J Cancer. 1999;35:413-9.
29. Sebbag G, Sugarbaker PH. Peritonal mesothelioma proposal for a staging system. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2001;27:223-4.
30. Yonemura Y, Nojima N, Kawamura T, Kim BS, Fujita H, Nozaki S. Mechanisms of the formation of peritoneal dissemination. Peritoneal dissemination. Kanazawa: Maeda Shoten; 1998. p. 1-46.
31. Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind Ch, International Union Against Cancer, editors. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, 7th edn. Chichester-Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.
32. Sugarbaker PH. Management of peritoneal surface malignancy using intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. In: A manual for physicians and nurses, 3rd edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: The Ludann Company; 1998.
33. Yan TD, Sim J, Morris DL. Selection of patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis for cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:1807-17.
34. Yan TD, Links M, Xu ZY, Kam PC, Glenn D, Morris DL. Cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for pseudomyxoma peritonei from appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Br J Surg. 2006;93:1270-6.
35. Glehen O, Mohamed F, Sugarbaker PH. Incomplete cytoreduction in 174 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal malignancy. Ann Surg. 2004;240:278-85.
36. Chua TC, Yan TD, Saxena A, Morris DL. Should the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy still be regarded as a highly morbid procedure? A systematic review of morbidity and mortality. Ann Surg. 2009;249:900-7.
37. Moran BJ. Decision-making and technical factors account for the learning curve in complex surgery. J Public Health. 2006;28:375-8.
38. Yan TD, Links M, Fransi S, Jacques T, Black D, Saunders V, et al. Learning curve for cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal surface malignancy - a journey to becoming a Nationally Funded Peritonectomy Center. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:2270-80.
39. Smeenk RM, Verwaal VJ, Zoermulder ZA. Learning curve of combined modality treatment in peritoneal surface disease. Br J Surg. 2007;94:1408-14.
40. Stewart JH 4th, Shen P, Levine EA. Intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for peritoneal surface malignancy: current status and future directions. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12:765-77.
41. Mohamed F, Moran BJ. Morbidity and mortality with cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy: the importance of a learning curve. Cancer J. 2009;15:196-9.
42. Barrios P, Roqué M, Lozano JM, Ramos I, Bianchi A, Bonfill X. Revisión sistemática del tratamiento combinado multidisciplinar en las enfermedades malignas del peritoneo. Citorreducción quirúrgica radical + quimioterapia intraperitoneal ± hipertermia (técnica de Sugarbaker). Informes de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, AATRM núm. 2007/19. Madrid: Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud, Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social, Agència d'Avaluació de Tecnologia i Recerca Mèdiques de Cataluña; 2009.
43. Kusamura S, Younan R, Baratti D, Costanzo P, Favaro M, Gavazzi C, et al. Cytoreductive surgery followed by intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion. Analysis of morbidity and mortality in 209 peritoneal surface malignancies treated with closed abdomen technique. Cancer. 2006;106:1144-53.
44. Hansson J, Graf W, Påhlman L, Nygren P, Mahteme H. Postoperative adverse events and long -term survival after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009;35:202-8.
45. Youssef H, Newman C, Chandrakumaran K, Mohamed F, Cecil TD, Moran BJ. Operative findings, early complications, and long-term survival in 456 patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome of appendiceal origin. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54:293-9.
46. Younan R, Kusamura S, Baratti D, Oliva GD, Costanzo P, Favaro M, et al. Bowel complications in 203 cases of peritoneal surface malignancies treated with peritonectomy and closed-technique intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12:910-8.
47. Gomes da Silva R, Sugarbaker P. Analysis of 10 prognostic factors in 70 patients having complete cytoreduction plus perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Am J Coll Surg. 2006;203:878-86.
48. Morgan RJ Jr, Synold TW, Xi B, Lim D, Shibata S, Margolin K, et al. Phase I trial of intraperitoneal gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced malignancies primarily confined to the peritoneal cavity. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:1232-7.
49. Sugarbaker PH, Mora JT, Carmignani P, Stuart OA, Yoo D. Update on chemotherapeutic agents utilized for perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Oncologist. 2005;10:112-22.
50. Elias D, Matsuhisa T, Sideris L, Liberale G, Drouard-Troalen L, Raynard B, et al. Heated intra-operative intraperitoneal oxaliplatin plus irinotecan after complete resection of peritoneal carcinomatosis: pharmacokinectics, tissue distribution and tolerance. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1558-65.
51. Elias D, Ouellet JF. Intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia: rationale, technique, indications, and results. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2001;10:915-33.
52. Elias D, Bonnay M, Puizillou JM, Antoun S, Demirdjian S, El OA, et al. Heated intra-operative intraperitoneal oxaliplatin after complete resection of peritoneal carcinomatosis: pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:267-72.
53. Sugarbaker PH, Stuart OA, Carmignani CP. Pharmacokinetic changes induced by the volume of chemotherapy solution in patients treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal mitomycin C. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006;57:703-8.
54. Van Ruth S, Verwaal VJ, Hart AA, van Slooten GW, Zoetmulder FA. Heat penetration in locally applied hyperthermia in the abdomen during intra-operative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:1501-8.
55. Flessner M, Henegar J, Bigler S, Genous L. Is the peritoneum a significant transport barrier in peritoneal dialysis? Perit Dial Int. 2003;23:542-9.
56. De Lima Vázquez V, Stuart OA, Mohamed F, Sugarbaker PH. Extent of parietal peritonectomy does not change intraperitoneal chemotherapy pharmacokinetics. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003;52:108-12.
57. Esquivel J, Vidal-Jove J, Steves MA, Sugarbaker PH. Morbidity and mortality of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Surgery. 1993;113:631-6.
58. Glehen O, Cotte E, Brigand C, Arvieux C, Sayag-Beaujard AC, Gilly FN. Therapeutic innovations in the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from digestive origin: cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Rev Med Int. 2006;27:382-91.
59. Koga S, Hamazoe R, Maeta M, Shimizu N, Kanayama H, Osaki Y. Treatment of implanted peritoneal cancer in rats by continuos hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion in combination with an anticancer drug. Cancer Res. 1984;44:1840-2.
60. Michalakis J, Georgatos SD, de Bree E, Polioudaki H, Romanos J, Georgoulias V, et al. Short-term exposure of cancer cells to micromolar doses of paclitaxel, with or without hyperthermia, induces long-term inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death in vitro. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:1220-8.
61. Sticca RP, Dach BW. Rationale for hyperthermia with intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy agents. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2003;12:689-701.
62. Mohamed F, Marchettini P, Stuart OA, Urano M, Sugarbaker PH. Thermal enhancement of new chemotherapeutic agents at moderate hyperthermia. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:463-8.
63. Van der Speeten K, Stuart OA. Sugarbaker PH. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics or perioperative cancer chemotherapy in peritoneal surface malignancy. Cancer J. 2009;15:216-24.
64. Barrios P, Ramos I, Escayola C, Martin M. Implementación y desarrollo de un programa de tratamiento de la carcinomatosis peritoneal en Cataluña. Indicaciones y resultados clínicos con la técnica de Sugarbaker, 1st edn. Barcelona: Agència d'Avaluació de Tecnologia i Recerca Mèdiques; 2009.
65. Nygren P, Fridborg H, Csoka K, Sundström C, De la Torre M, Kristensen J, et al. Detection of tumor-specific cytotoxic drug activity in vitro using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay and primary cultures of tumor cells from patients. Int J Cancer. 1994;56:715-20.
66. Mahteme H, Von Heideman A, Grundmark B, Tholander B, Pahlman L, Glimelius B, et al. Heterogeneous activity of cytotoxic drugs in patients samples of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34:547-52.
67. Sugarbaker PH. Successful management of microscopic residual disease in large bowel cancer. Cancer Chem Pharmacol. 1999;43:15-25.
68. Verwaal VJ, van Ruth S, de Bree E, van Sloothen GW, van Tinteren H, Boot H, et al. Randomized trial of cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy and palliative surgery in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3737-43.
69. Elias D, Delperro JR, Sideris L, Benhamou E, Pocard M, Baton O, et al. Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: impact of complete cytoreductive surgery and difficulties in conducting randomized trials. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11:518-21.
70. Verwaal VJ, Bruin S, Boot H, van Slooten G, van Tinteren H. 8-Year follow-up of randomized trial: cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:2426-32.
71. Elias D, Gilly F, Boutitie F, Quenet F, Bereder JM, Mansvelt B, et al. Peritoneal colorectal carcinomatosis treated with surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: retrospective analysis of 523 patients from a multicentric French study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:63-8.
72. Glehen O, Kwiatkowski F, Sugarbaker PH, Elias D, Levine EA, De Simone M, et al. Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3284-92.
73. Franko J, Ibrahim Z, Gusani NJ, Holtzman MP, Bartlett DL, Zeh HJ 3rd. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion versus systemic chemotherapy alone for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer. 2010;116:3756-62.
74. Elias D, Sideris L, Pocard M, Edè C. Ben Hassouna D, Ducreux M, et al. Efficacy of intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin in colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. Preliminary results in 24 patients. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:781-5.
75. Gomez-Portilla A, Kusamura S, Baratti D, Deracco M. The intraoperative staging systems in the management of peritoneal surface malignancy. J Surg Oncol. 2008;98:228-31.
76. Pelz JO, Chua TC, Esquivel J, Stojadinovic A, Doerfer J, Morris DL, et al. Evaluation of best supportive care and systemic chemotherapy as treatment stratified according to the retrospective peritoneal surface disease severity score (PSDSS) for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:689-701.
77. Elias D, Benizri E, Pocard M, Ducreux M, Boige V, Lasser P. Treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases from colorectal cáncer. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2006;32:632-6.
78. Hadi R, Saunders V, Utkina O, Clingan P, Kam P, Links M, et al. Review of patients with peritoneal malignancy treated with peritonectomy and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76:156-61.
79. Elias D, Goere D, Blot F, Billard V, Pocard M, Kohneh-Shahri N, et al. Optimization of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with oxaliplatin plus irinotecan at 43 degrees C after complete cytoreductive surgery: mortality and morbidity in 106 consecutive patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:1818-24.
80. Elias D, Lefevre JH, Chevalier J, Brouquet A, Marchal F, Classe JM, et al. Complete cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:681-5.
81. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, Poston GJ, Schlag PM, Rougier P, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:1007-16.
82. Look M, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH. Long-term results of cytoreductive surgery for advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancers and papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004;14:35-41.
83. Sugarbaker PH. New standard of care for appendiceal epithelial neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome? Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:69-76.
84. Quénet F, Elias D. (principal investigators): Protocole Prodige 7. ACCORD 15/0608. EndraCT N: 2006-006175-20. Essai de phase III évaluant la place de la chimiohyperthermie intrapéritonéale peropéraroire (CHIP) après résection maximale d'une carcinose péritonéale d'origine colorectale associée à une chimiothérapie sysstémique. FNCLCC; 2006.
85. Casado-Adam A, Alderman R, Stuart OA, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH. Gastrointestinal complications in 147 consecutive patients with peritoneal surface malignancy treated by cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Int J Surg Oncol. 2011;2011:1-10.
86. Esquivel J, Sticca R, Sugarbaker P, Levine E, Yan TD, Alexander R, et al. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies of colonic origin: a consensus statement. Society of Surgical Oncology. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:128-33.
87. McQuellon RP, Loggie BW, Fleming RA, Russell GB, Lehman AB, Rambo TD. Quality of life after intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2001;27:65-73.
88. McQuellon RP, Loggie BW, Lehman AB, Russell GB, Fleming RA, Shen P, et al. Long-term survivorship and quality of life after cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10:155-62.
89. Yan TD. Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: standard of care. Ann Surg. 2006;244:632-3.
90. Cao T, Yan T, Black D, Morris D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:2152-65.
91. Baratti D, Kusamura S, Deraco M. The fifth international workshop on peritoneal surface malignancy (Milan, Italy, December 4-6, 2006): methodology of disease-specific consensus. J Surg Oncol. 2008;98:258-62.
92. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (UK). Cytoreduction Surgery Followed by Hyperthermic Intraoperative Peritoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. London: NICE; 2010.
93. Aranda E, Abad A, Carrato A, Cervantes A, Garcia-Foncillas J, Garcia Alonso P. Treatment recommendations for metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 2011;13:162-78.