Importance of legionella pneumophila in the etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia in santiago, chile

Chest

Volumn 145, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 290-296

  Arancibia, Francisco ^a,b   Cortes, Claudia P ^c   Valdés, Marcelo ^a,b   Cerda, Javier ^d,e   Hernández, Antonio ^d   Soto, Luis ^a   Torres, Antoni ^f,g  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DEL TÓRAX   (Chile)

^b CLÍNICA SANTA MARÍA   (Chile)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHILE   (Chile)

^d HOSPITAL MILITAR DE SANTIAGO   (Chile)

^e HOSPITAL SAN BORJA ARRIARÁN   (Chile)

^f HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^g INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SODIUM;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ADULT; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; AGED; ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; APACHE; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; CHILE; CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE; CLINICAL STUDY; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; INCIDENCE; INFLUENZA VIRUS A; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE; ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SCORE; PITT BACTEREMIA SCORE; PLEURA EMPYEMA; PNEUMONIA SEVERITY INDEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SEPTIC SHOCK; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; TREATMENT FAILURE;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; APACHE; CHILE; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPONATREMIA; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84893712937     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: 19313543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-0162     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Garibaldi RA. Epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. Incidence, etiology, and impact. Am J Med. 1985 ; 78 ( 6B ): 32-37.
2. Valdivia CG. Epidemiología de la neumonía del adulto adquirido en la comunidad. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2005 ; 22 ( suppl 1 ): S 11-s 17.
3. Niederman MS , Mandell LA , Anzueto A , et al ; American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 ; 163 ( 7 ): 1730-1754.
4. Ruiz M , Arancibia F , Torres A. Epidemiología, factores de riesgo y pronostico de la neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad. In: Torres A , Mensa J , Niederman MS , eds. Infecciones Respiratorias en UCI. Barcelona, Spain : Springer-Verlag Iberica ; 1999 : 1-12.
5. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Torres A, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Risk factors and follow-up epidemiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 ; 160 ( 3 ): 923-929.
6. Woodhead MA , Macfarlane JT , Rodgers FG , Laverick A , Pilkington R , Macrae AD. Aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect. 1985; 10( 3): 204-210.
7. File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet. 2003 ; 362 ( 9400 ): 1991-2001.
8. Torres A , Serra-Batlles J , Ferrer A , et al. Severe communityacquired pneumonia. Epidemiology and prognostic factors. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 ; 144 ( 2 ): 312-318.
9. Rello J , Quintana E , Ausina V , Net A , Prats G. A three-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on outcome. Chest. 1993 ; 103 ( 1 ): 232-235.
10. Vergis EN , Akbas E , Yu VL. Legionella as a cause of severe pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 21( 4): 295-304.
11. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America ; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of communityacquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; 44( suppl 2): S27-S72.
12. Roig J , Sabria M , Pedro-Botet ML. Legionella spp.: Community acquired and nosocomial infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003 ; 16 ( 2 ): 145-151.
13. Marston BJ , Plouffe JF , File TM Jr , et al ; The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Results of a population-based active surveillance Study in Ohio. Arch Intern Med. 1997 ; 157 ( 15 ): 1709-1718.
14. Benin AL , Benson RF , Besser RE. Trends in Legionnaires disease, 1980-1998: Declining mortality and new patterns of diagnosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 ; 35 ( 9 ): 1039-1046.
15. Hicks LA , Garrison LE , Nelson GE , Hampton LM ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Legionellosis-United States, 2000-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 ; 60 ( 32 ): 1083-1086.
16. de Ory F. Evaluation of a new ELISA (Bartels) for detection of Legionella pneumophila antigen in urine [in Spanish]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002 ; 20 ( 3 ): 106-109.
17. Yzerman EP , den Boer JW , Lettinga KD , Schellekens J , Dankert J , Peeters M. Sensitivity of three urinary antigen tests associated with clinical severity in a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in The Netherlands. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40 ( 9 ): 3232-3236.
18. Tsai TF , Finn DR , Plikaytis BD , McCauley W , Martin SM , Fraser DW. Legionnaires' disease: Clinical features of the epidemic in Philadelphia. Ann Intern Med. 1979 ; 90 ( 4 ): 509-517.
19. Fine MJ , Smith MA , Carson CA , et al. Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 1996 ; 275 ( 2 ): 134-141.
20. el-Ebiary M , Sarmiento X , Torres A , et al. Prognostic factors of severe Legionella pneumonia requiring admission to ICU. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 ; 156 ( 5 ): 1467-1472.
21. Díaz A , Labarca J , Pérez C , Ruiz CM, Wolff RM. Tratamiento de la neumonía del adulto adquirida en la comunidad. Rev Chil Infect. 2005 ; 22 (suppl 1):s52-s66.
22. Fine MJ , Auble TE , Yealy DM , et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997 ; 336 ( 4 ): 243-250.
23. Lim WS , Macfarlane JT , Boswell TC , et al. Study of community acquired pneumonia aetiology (SCAPA) in adults admitted to hospital: Implications for management guidelines. Thorax. 2001 ; 56 ( 4 ): 296-301.
24. Knaus WA , Draper EA, Wagner DP , Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985 ; 13 ( 10 ): 818-829.
25. Vincent JL , Moreno R , Takala J , et al. The SOFA (Sepsisrelated Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996 ; 22 ( 7 ): 707-710.
26. Paterson DL , Ko WC , Von Gottberg A , et al. International prospective study of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: Implications of extended-spectrum b-lactamase production in nosocomial Infections. Ann Intern Med. 2004 ; 140 ( 1 ): 26-32.
27. Arancibia F , Ewig S, Martinez JA, et al. Antimicrobial treatment failures in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Causes and prognostic implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 ; 162 ( 1 ): 154-160.
28. Roig J , Domingo C , Morera J. Legionnaires' disease. Chest. 1994 ; 105 ( 6 ): 1817-1825.
29. Fang GD , Fine M , Orloff J , et al. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy. A prospective multicenter study of 359 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990 ; 69 ( 5 ): 307-316.
30. von Baum H , Ewig S , Marre R , et al ; Competence Network for Community Acquired Pneumonia Study Group. Communityacquired Legionella pneumonia: New insights from the German competence network for community acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 ; 46 ( 9 ): 1356-1364.
31. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax. 2001 ; 56 ( suppl 4 ):IV 1-IV 64.
32. Cillóniz C , Ewig S , Polverino E , et al. Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity. Thorax. 2011 ; 66 ( 4 ): 340-346.
33. Arnold FW , Summersgill JT , LaJoie AS , et al. A worldwide perspective of atypical pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 175(10): 1086-1093.
34. Trucco O , Vicencio M , Salamanca L , Ojeda A , Oyonarte M , Prado V. Participación de Legionella pneumophila en neumonía extrahospitalaria del adulto en Santiago. Rev Chil Infect. 1993 ; 10 ( 2 ): 89-95.
35. Cabello H , Cortés C , Ruiz M , et al. Community acquired pneumonia. Report of 8 cases of severe pneumonia by serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila in Chile [in Spanish]. Rev Med Chil. 2002 ; 130 ( 3 ): 309-313.
36. Díaz A, Alvarez M, Callejas C, Rosso R, Schnettler K, Saldías F. Clinical picture and prognostic factors for severe communityacquired pneumonia in adults admitted to the intensive care unit [in Spanish]. Arch Bronconeumol. 2005 ; 41 ( 1 ): 20-26.
37. Luna CM , Famiglietti A , Absi R , et al. Community-acquired pneumonia: Etiology, epidemiology, and outcome at a teaching hospital in Argentina. Chest. 2000 ; 118 ( 5 ): 1344-1354.
38. Chedid MB , Ilha DdeO , Chedid MF , et al. Communityacquired pneumonia by Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6 in Brazil. Respir Med. 2005 ; 99 ( 8 ): 966-975.
39. Pachon J, Prados MD, Capote F , Cuello JA, Garnacho J, Verano A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Etiology, prognosis, and treatment. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 ; 142 ( 2 ): 369-373.
40. Rello J , Bodi M , Mariscal D , et al. Microbiological testing and outcome of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2003 ; 123 ( 1 ): 174-180.
41. Lim WS, Baudouin SV , George RC, et al; Pneumonia Guidelines Committee of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: Update 2009. Thorax. 2009 ; 64 ( suppl 3 ): Iii1-iii55.
42. Diederen BM. Legionella spp. and Legionnaires' disease. J Infect. 2008 ; 56 ( 1 ): 1-12.
43. Welte T , Torres A, Nathwani D. Clinical and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe. Thorax. 2012 ; 67 ( 1 ): 71-79.
44. Shimada T , Noguchi Y , Jackson JL , et al. Systematic review and metaanalysis: Urinary antigen tests for legionellosis. Chest. 2009 ; 136 ( 6 ): 1576-1585.
45. Marston BJ , Lipman HB , Breiman RF. Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 1994 ; 154 ( 21 ): 2417-2422.
46. Sopena N , Sabrià-Leal M , Pedro-Botet ML , et al. Comparative study of the clinical presentation of Legionella pneumonia and other community-acquired pneumonias. Chest. 1998 ; 113(5);1195-1200.
47. Stout JE , Yu VL. Legionellosis. N Engl J Med. 1997 ; 337 ( 10 ): 682-687.
48. Gacouin A , Le Tulzo Y , Lavoue S , et al. Severe pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: Prognostic factors, impact of delayed appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Intensive Care Med. 2002 ; 28 ( 6 ): 686-691.
49. Garbino J , Bornand JE , Uçkay I , Fonseca S , Sax H. Impact of positive legionella urinary antigen test on patient management and improvement of antibiotic use. J Clin Pathol. 2004 ; 57 ( 12 ): 1302-1305.
50. Heath CH , Grove DI , Looke DFM. Delay in appropriate therapy of Legionella pneumonia associated with increased mortality. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 ; 15 ( 4 ): 286-290.