Deferred Feedback Sharply Dissociates Implicit and Explicit Category Learning

Psychological Science

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 447-457

  Smith, J David ^a   Boomer, Joseph ^a   Zakrzewski, Alexandria C ^a   Roeder, Jessica L ^b   Church, Barbara A ^a   Ashby, F Gregory ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

associative learning; category learning; category rules; cognitive neuroscience; explicit cognition; implicit cognition; procedural learning

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; CONCEPT FORMATION; HUMAN; LEARNING; PHYSIOLOGY; REINFORCEMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; CONCEPT FORMATION; FEEDBACK, PSYCHOLOGICAL; HUMANS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84893602248     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: 14679280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0956797613509112     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ashby F. G.,Alfonso-Reese L. A.,Turken A. U.,Waldron E. M.A neuropsychological theory of multiple systems in category learning.Psychological Review. 1998;105:442-481.
2. Ashby F. G.,Ell S. W.The neurobiology of human category learning.Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2001;5:204-210.
3. Ashby F. G.,Ell S. W.Single versus multiple systems of category learning: Reply to Nosofsky and Kruschke (2001).Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2002;9:175-180.
4. Ashby F. G.,Ennis J. M.,Spiering B. J.A neurobiological theory of automaticity in perceptual categorization.Psychological Review. 2007;114:632-656.
5. Ashby F. G.,Maddox W. T.Human category learning 2.0.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010;1224:147-161.
6. Ashby F. G.,Maddox W. T.,Bohil C. J.Observational versus feedback training in rule-based and information-integration category learning.Memory & Cognition. 2002;30:666-677.
7. Ashby F. G.,O'Brien J. B.Category learning and multiple memory systems.Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2005;2:83-89.
8. Ashby F. G.,Queller S.,Berretty P. M.On the dominance of unidimensional rules in unsupervised categorization.Perception & Psychophysics. 1999;61:1178-1199.
9. Ashby F. G.,Valentin V. V.Handbook of categorization in cognitive science. Cohen H.Lefebvre C., ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2005:547-572.
10. Blair M.,Homa D.As easy to memorize as they are to classify: The 5-4 categories and the category advantage.Memory & Cognition. 2003;31:1293-1301.
11. Brooks L. R.Cognition and categorization. Rosch E.Lloyd B. B., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1978:169-211.
12. Cook R. G.,Smith J. D.Stages of abstraction and exemplar memorization in pigeons' category learning.Psychological Science. 2006;17:1059-1067.
13. Erickson M. A.,Kruschke J. K.Rules and exemplars in category learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 1998;127:107-140.
14. Feldman J.Minimization of Boolean complexity in human concept learning.Nature. 2000;407:630-633.
15. Fukunaga K.Introduction to statistical pattern recognition. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1972:.
16. Homa D.,Sterling S.,Trepel L.Limitations of exemplar-based generalization and the abstraction of categorical information.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory. 1981;7:418-439.
17. Knowlton B. J.,Squire L. R.The learning of categories: Parallel brain systems for item memory and category knowledge.Science. 1993;262:1747-1749.
18. Maddox W. T.,Ashby F. G.Comparing decision bound and exemplar models of categorization.Perception & Psychophysics. 1993;53:49-70.
19. Maddox W. T.,Ashby F. G.Dissociating explicit and procedural-learning based systems of perceptual category learning.Behavioural Processes. 2004;66:309-332.
20. Maddox W. T.,Ashby F. G.,Bohil C. J.Delayed feedback effects on rule-based and information-integration category learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2003;29:650-662.
21. Maddox W. T.,Ing A. D.Delayed feedback disrupts the procedural-learning system but not the hypothesis-testing system in perceptual category learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2005;31:100-107.
22. Medin D. L.,Schaffer M. M.Context theory of classification learning.Psychological Review. 1978;85:207-238.
23. Minda J. P.,Smith J. D.Prototypes in category learning: The effects of category size, category structure, and stimulus complexity.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2001;27:775-799.
24. Murphy G. L.The big book of concepts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003:.
25. Newell B. R.,Dunn J. C.,Kalish M.The dimensionality of perceptual category learning: A state-trace analysis.Memory & Cognition. 2010;38:563-581.
26. Nosofsky R. M.Attention and learning processes in the identification and categorization of integral stimuli.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 1987;13:87-108.
27. Nosofsky R. M.,Johansen M. K.Exemplar-based accounts of multiple-system phenomena in perceptual categorization.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2000;7:375-402.
28. Nosofsky R. M.,Kruschke J. K.Single-system models and interference in category learning: Commentary on Waldron and Ashby (2001).Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2002;9:169-174.
29. Nosofsky R. M.,Stanton R. D.,Zaki S. R.Procedural interference in perceptual classification: Implicit learning or cognitive complexity?.Memory & Cognition. 2005;33:1256-1271.
30. Rosseel Y.Mixture models of categorization.Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 2002;46:178-210.
31. Schwarz G.Estimating the dimension of a model.Annals of Statistics. 1978;6:461-464.
32. Smith J. D.,Ashby F. G.,Berg M. E.,Murphy M. S.,Spiering B.,Cook R. G.,Grace R. C.Pigeons' categorization be exclusively nonanalytic.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2011;18:422-428.
33. Smith J. D.,Beran M. J.,Crossley M. J.,Boomer J.,Ashby F. G.Implicit and explicit category learning by macaques (Macaca mulatta) and humans (Homo sapiens).Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 2010;36:54-65.
34. Smith J. D.,Beran M. J.,Redford J. S.,Washburn D. A.Dissociating uncertainty states and reinforcement signals in the comparative study of metacognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2006;135:282-297.
35. Smith J. D.,Chapman W. P.,Redford J. S.Stages of category learning in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and humans (Homo sapiens).Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 2010;36:39-53.
36. Smith J. D.,Crossley M. J.,Boomer J.,Church B. A.,Beran M. J.,Ashby F. G.Implicit and explicit category learning by capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).Journal of Comparative Psychology. 2012;126:294-304.
37. Smith J. D.,Minda J. P.Prototypes in the mist: The early epochs of category learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 1998;24:1411-1436.
38. Smith J. D.,Redford J. S.,Haas S. M.Prototype abstraction by monkeys (Macaca mulatta).Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2008;137:390-401.
39. Waldron E. M.,Ashby F. G.The effects of concurrent task interference on category learning: Evidence for multiple category learning systems.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2001;8:168-176.
40. Wasserman E. A.,Kiedinger R. E.,Bhatt R. S.Conceptual behavior in pigeons: Categories, subcategories, and pseudocategories.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 1988;14:235-246.