Heat waves and health outcomes in Alabama (USA): The importance of heat wave definition

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 151-158

  Kent, Shia T ^a   McClure, Leslie A ^a   Zaitchik, Benjamin F ^b   Smith, Tiffany T ^b   Gohlke, Julia M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BOOTSTRAPPING; DEATH; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; HEAT WAVE; HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SEASONAL VARIATION; THERMAL EXPOSURE; URBAN AREA;

ALABAMA; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; HUMANS; INFRARED RAYS; MORTALITY; PREMATURE BIRTH; RURAL HEALTH; SEMANTICS; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 84893426855     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307262     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Ajmani VB. 2009. Applied Econometrics Using the SAS® System. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons.
2. Anderson BG, Bell ML. 2009. Weather-related mortality: how heat, cold, and heat waves affect mortality in the United States. Epidemiology 20:205-213.
3. Anderson GB, Bell ML. 2011. Heat waves in the United States: mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities. Environ Health Perspect 119:210-218; doi:10.1289/ ehp.1002313.
4. Barnett AG, Tong S, Clements AC. 2010. What measure of temperature is the best predictor of mortality? Environ Res 110:604-611.
5. Basu R. 2009. High ambient temperature and mortality: a review of epidemiologic studies from 2001 to 2008. Environ Health 8:40; doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-40.
6. Basu R, Dominici F, Samet JM. 2005. Temperature and mortality among the elderly in the United States: a comparison of epidemiologic methods. Epidemiology 16:58-66.
7. Basu R, Malig B, Ostro B. 2010. High ambient temperature and the risk of preterm delivery. Am J Epidemiol 172:1108-1117.
8. Bobb JF, Dominici F, Peng RD. 2011. A Bayesian model averaging approach for estimating the relative risk of mortality associated with heat waves in 105 U.S. cities. Biometrics 67:1605-1616.
9. Bonan GB. 1997. Effects of land use on the climate of the United States. Climatic Change 37:449-486.
10. Bozdogan H. 1987. Model selection and Akaike's information criterion (AIC): the general theory and its analytical extensions. Psychometrika 52:345-370.
11. Brown DG, Johnson KM, Loveland TR, Theobald DM. 2005. Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000. Ecol Appl 15:1851-1863.
12. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 2004. Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol Methods Res 33:261-304.
13. Carpenter J, Bithell J. 2000. Bootstrap confidence intervals: when, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians. Stat Med 19:1141-1164.
14. Coris EE, Ramirez AM, Van Durme DJ. 2004. Heat illness in athletes: the dangerous combination of heat, humidity and exercise. Sports Med 34:9-16.
15. Cosgrove BA, Lohman D, Mitchell KE, Houser PR, Wood EF, Schaake JC, et al. 2003. Real-time and retrospective forcing in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) project. J Geophys Res-Atmos 108:8842-8854.
16. Crouse DL, Peters PA, van Donkelaar A, Goldberg MS, Villeneuve PJ, Brion O, et al. 2012. Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 120:708-714; doi:10.1289/ehp.1104049.
17. D'Ippoliti D, Michelozzi P, Marino C, de'Donato F, Menne B, Katsouyanni K, et al. 2010. The impact of heat waves on mortality in 9 European cities: results from the EuroHEAT project. Environ Health 9:37; doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-37.
18. Ebi KL, Kovats RS, Menne B. 2006. An approach for assessing human health vulnerability and public health interventions to adapt to climate change. Environ Health Perspect 114:1930-1934; doi:10.1289/ehp.8430.
19. English PB, Sinclair AH, Ross Z, Anderson H, Boothe V, Davis C, et al. 2009. Environmental health indicators of climate change for the United States: findings from the State Environmental Health Indicator Collaborative. Environ Health Perspect 117:1673-1681; doi:10.1289/ehp.0900708.
20. Golant SM, LaGreca AJ. 1994. Housing quality of U.S. elderly households: does aging in place matter? Gerontologist 34:803-814.
21. Haines A, Kovats RS, Campbell-Lendrum D, Corvalan C. 2006. Climate change and human health: impacts, vulnerability, and mitigation. Lancet 367:2101-2109.
22. Hart LG, Larson EH, Lishner DM. 2005. Rural definitions for health policy and research. Am J Public Health 95:1149-1155.
23. Hattis D, Ogneva-Himmelberger Y, Ratick S. 2012. The spatial variability of heat-related mortality in Massachusetts. Appl Geogr 33:45-52.
24. Hondula DM, Davis RE, Leisten MJ, Saha MV, Veazey LM, Wegner CR. 2012. Fine-scale spatial variability of heat-related mortality in Philadelphia County, USA, from 1983-2008: a case-series analysis. Environ Health 11:16; doi:10.1186/1476-069X-11-16.
25. Huang G, Zhou W, Cadenasso ML. 2011. Is everyone hot in the city? Spatial pattern of land surface temperatures, land cover and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics in Baltimore, MD. J Environ Manage 92:1753-1759.
26. Janes H, Sheppard L, Lumley T. 2005a. Overlap bias in the case-crossover design, with application to air pollution exposures. Stat Med 24:285-300.
27. Janes H, Sheppard L, Lumley T. 2005b. Case-crossover analyses of air pollution exposure data: referent selection strategies and their implications for bias. Epidemiology 16:717-726.
28. Johnson DP, Wilson JS, Luber GC. 2009. Socioeconomic indicators of heat-related health risk supplemented with remotely sensed data. Int J Health Geogr 8:57; doi:10.1186/1476-072X-8-57.
29. Kent ST, McClure LA, Zaitchik BF, Gohlke JM. 2013. Area-level risk factors for adverse birth outcomes: trends in urban and rural settings. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 13:129; doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-129.
30. Knowlton K, Lynn B, Goldberg RA, Rosenzweig C, Hogrefe C, Rosenthal JK, et al. 2007. Projecting heat-related mortality impacts under a changing climate in the New York City region. Am J Public Health 97:2028-2034.
31. Kovats RS, Hajat S. 2008. Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu Rev Public Health 29:41-55.
32. Li R, Hertzmark E, Louie M, Chen L, Spiegelman D. 2011. The SAS LGTPHCURV9 Macro. Available: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/spiegelman/lgtphcurv9/lgtphcurv9.pdf [accessed 17 December 2013].
33. Lowe D, Ebi KL, Forsberg B. 2011. Heatwave early warning systems and adaptation advice to reduce human health consequences of heatwaves. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8:4623-4648.
34. Maclure M. 1991. The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol 133:144-153.
35. Meehl GA, Tebaldi C. 2004. More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century. Science 305:994-997.
36. Merwin E, Snyder A, Katz E. 2006. Differential access to quality rural healthcare: professional and policy challenges. Fam Community Health 29:186-194.
37. Morgan MA, Goldenberg RL, Schulkin J. 2008. Obstetrician-gynecologists' practices regarding preterm birth at the limit of viability. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 21:115-121.
38. Peng RD, Bobb JF, Tebaldi C, McDaniel L, Bell ML, Dominici F. 2011. Toward a quantitative estimate of future heat wave mortality under global climate change. Environ Health Perspect 119:701-706; doi:10.1289/ehp.1002430.
39. Perry AG, Korenberg MJ, Hall GG, Moore KM. 2011. Modeling and syndromic surveillance for estimating weather-induced heat-related illness. J Environ Public Health 2011:750236; doi: 10.1155/2011/750236.
40. Reid CE, O'Neill MS, Gronlund CJ, Brines SJ, Brown DG, Diez-Roux AV, et al. 2009. Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability. Environ Health Perspect 117:1730-1736; doi:10.1289/ehp.0900683.
41. Robinson PJ. 2001. On the definition of a heat wave. J Appl Meteorol 40:762-775.
42. Rothfusz LP. 1990. The Heat Index "Equation" (or, More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Heat Index). Technical Attachment SR 90-23. Fort Worth, TX:National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters. Available: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/ffc/pdf/ta_htindx.PDF [accessed 18 December 2013].
43. Smith TT, Zaitchik BF, Gohlke JM. 2013. Heat waves in the United States: definitions, patterns and trends. Climatic Change 118:811-825.
44. Steadman RG. 1979. The assessment of sultriness. Part II: effects of wind, extra radiation and barometric pressure on apparent temperature. J Appl Meteorol 18:874-885.
45. Steadman RG. 1984. A universal scale of apparent temperature. J Climate Appl Meteor 23:1674-1687.
46. Strand LB, Barnett AG, Tong S. 2011a. The influence of season and ambient temperature on birth outcomes: a review of the epidemiological literature. Environ Res 111:451-462.
47. Strand LB, Barnett AG, Tong S. 2011b. Methodological challenges when estimating the effects of season and seasonal exposures on birth outcomes. BMC Med Res Methodol 11:49; doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-49.
48. Tan J, Zheng Y, Song G, Kalkstein LS, Kalkstein AJ, Tang X. 2007. Heat wave impacts on mortality in Shanghai, 1998 and 2003. Int J Biometeorol 51:193-200.
49. Tong S, Wang XY, Guo Y. 2012. Assessing the short-term effects of heatwaves on mortality and morbidity in Brisbane, Australia: comparison of case-crossover and time series analyses. PLoS One 7:e37500; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037500.
50. UCLA: Statistical Consulting Group. 2012. SAS FAQ: How Can I Bootstrap Estimates in SAS? Available: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/faq/bootstrap.htm [accessed 5 December 2012].
51. U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. Census 2000 Gateway. Available: http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html [accessed 19 December 2013].
52. Vaneckova P, Neville G, Tippett V, Aitken P, Fitzgerald G, Tong S. 2011. Do biometeorological indices improve modeling outcomes of heat-related mortality? J Appl Meteorol 50:1165-1176.
53. Wang SV, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Mittleman MA, Wellenius GA. 2011. Potential for bias in case-crossover studies with shared exposures analyzed using SAS. Am J Epidemiol 174:118-124.
54. Weisskopf MG, Anderson HA, Foldy S, Hanrahan LP, Blair K, Török TJ, et al. 2002. Heat wave morbidity and mortality, Milwaukee, Wis, 1999 vs 1995: an improved response? Am J Public Health 92:830-833.
55. Wolf J, Armstrong B. 2012. The association of season and temperature with adverse pregnancy outcome in two German states, a time-series analysis. PLoS One 7:e40228; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040228.
56. World Health Organization. 1977. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. Ninth Revision. Geneva:WHO.
57. World Health Organization. 2010. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th Revision. Available: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en [accessed 12 December 2013].
58. Ye X, Wolff R, Yu W, Vaneckova P, Pan X, Tong S. 2012. Ambient temperature and morbidity: a review of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health Perspect 120:19-28; doi:10.1289/ehp.1003198.
59. Zeng X, Dickinson RE, Walker A, Shaikh M, DeFries RS, Qi J. 2000. Derivation and evaluation of global 1-km fractional vegetation cover data for land modeling. J Appl Meteorol 39:826-839.