A labor/leisure tradeoff in cognitive control

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Volumn 143, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 131-141

  Kool, Wouter ^a   Botvinick, Matthew ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavioral economics; Cognitive control; Decision making; Mental effort

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEISURE; MALE; MOTIVATION; WORK;

CHOICE BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; MALE; MOTIVATION; WORK;

EID: 84893388854     PISSN: 00963445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0031048     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Baler, R. D., & Volkow, N. D. (2006). Drug addiction: The neurobiology of disrupted self-control. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 12, 559-566. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2006.10.005
2. Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Ego depletion and self-control failure: An energy model of the self's executive function. Self and Identity, 1, 129-136. doi:10.1080/152988602317319302
3. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252-1265. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74 .5.1252
4. Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 351- 355. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
5. Bigelow, G., & Liebson, I. (1972). Cost factors controlling alcoholic drinking. Psychological Record, 22, 305-314.
6. Bonner, S. E., & Sprinkle, G. B. (2002). The effects of monetary incentives on effort and task performance: Theories, evidence, and a framework for research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 27, 303-345. doi: 10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00052-6
7. Botvinick, M. M. (2007). Conflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 356-366. doi:10.3758/CABN .7.4.356
8. Botvinick, M. M., Huffstetler, S., & McGuire, J. T. (2009). Effort discounting in human nucleus accumbens. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 16-27. doi:10.3758/CABN.9.1.16
9. Braver, T. S., Cohen, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., & Noll, D. C. (1997). A parametric study of prefrontal cortex involvement in human working memory. NeuroImage, 5, 49-62. doi:10.1006/nimg .1996.0247
10. Brehm, J. W., Wright, R. A., Solomon, S., Silka, L., & Greenberg, J. (1983). Perceived difficulty, energization, and the magnitude of goal valence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 21-48. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(83)90003-3
11. Camerer, C. F., Babcock, L., Loewenstein, G., & Thaler, R. (1997). Labor supply of New York City cabdrivers: One day at a time. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 407-441. doi:10.1162/003355397555244
12. Camerer, C. F., & Hogarth, R. M. (1999). The effects of financial incentives in experiments: A review and capital-labor-production framework. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 19, 7- 42. doi:10.1023/A: 1007850605129
13. Charness, G., & Kuhn, P. (2010). Lab labor: What can labor economists learn from the lab? (IZA Discussion Paper No. 4941). Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.
14. Chen, M. K., Lakshminarayanan, V., & Santos, L. R. (2006). How basic are behavioral biases? Evidence from capuchin monkey trading behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 114, 517-537. doi:10.1086/503550.
15. Christoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009). Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 106, 8719-8724. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900234106
16. Cohen, J. D., McClure, S. M., & Yu, A. J. (2007). Should I stay or should I go? How the human brain manages the trade-off between exploitation and exploration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362, 933-942. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2098
17. Collier, G., & Jennings, W. (1969). Work as a determinant of instrumental performance. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 68, 659-662. doi:10.1037/h0027670
18. Conover, K. L., & Shizgal, P. (2005). Employing labor-supply theory to measure the reward value of electrical brain stimulation. Games and Economic Behavior, 52, 283-304. doi:10.1016/j.geb.2004.08.003
19. Dickinson, D. L. (1999). An experimental examination of labor supply and work intensities. Journal of Labor Economics, 17, 638-670. doi: 10.1086/209934
20. Duncan, J. (2010). The multiple-demand (MD) system of the primate brain: Mental programs for intelligent behaviour. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 172-179. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.004
21. Eichele, T., Debener, S., Calhoun, V., Specht, K., Engel, A., Hugdahl, K., . . . Ullsperger, M. (2008). Prediction of human errors by maladaptive changes in event-related brain networks. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 6173-6178. doi:10.1073/pnas .0708965105
22. Fehr, E., & Goette, L. (2007). Do workers work more if wages are high? Evidence from a randomized field experiment. American Economic Review, 97, 298-317. doi:10.1257/aer.97.1.298
23. Fehr, E., Goette, L., & Zehnder, C. (2009). A behavioral account of the labor market: The role of fairness concerns. Annual Review of Economics, 1, 355-384. doi:10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143217
24. Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M.,. . . Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 325-336. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.325.
25. Green, L., Kagel, J. H., & Battalio, R. C. (1987). Consumption-leisure tradeoffs in pigeons: Effects of changing marginal wage rates by varying amount of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 47, 17-28. doi:10.1901/jeab.1987.47-17
26. Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010). Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 495-525. doi:10.1037/a0019486
27. Jimura, K., Locke, H. S., & Braver, T. S. (2010). Prefrontal cortex mediation of cognitive enhancement in rewarding motivational contexts. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 107, 8871-8876. doi:10.1073/pnas.1002007107
28. Kagel, J. H., Battalio, R. C., & Green, L. (1995). Economic choice theory: An experimental analysis of animal behavior. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511664854
29. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-292. doi:10.2307/1914185
30. Kelly, A. M., Uddin, L. Q., Biswal, B. B., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2008). Competition between functional brain networks mediates behavioral variability. NeuroImage, 39, 527-537. doi:10.1016/j .neuroimage.2007.08.008
31. Kolling, N., Behrens, T. E. J., Mars, R. B., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2012, April 6). Neural mechanisms of foraging. Science, 336, 95-98. doi: 10.1126/science.1216930
32. Kool, W., McGuire, J. T., Rosen, Z. B., & Botvinick, M. M. (2010). Decision making and the avoidance of cognitive demand. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 139, 665- 682. doi:10.1037/ a0020198
33. Kool, W., McGuire, J. T., Wang, G. J., & Botvinick, M. M. (2012). A role for effort costs in self-control and intertemporal choice. Manuscript submitted for publication.
34. Kouneiher, F., Charron, S., & Koechlin, E. (2009). Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 939-945. doi:10.1038/nn.2321
35. Kurzban, R. (2010). Does the brain consume additional glucose during self-control tasks? Evolutionary Psychology, 8, 244-259.
36. Locke, H. S., & Braver, T. S. (2008). Motivational influences on cognitive control: Behavior, brain activation, and individual differences. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 99-112. doi:10.3758/ CABN.8.1.99
37. McGuire, J. T., & Botvinick, M. M. (2010). Prefrontal cortex, cognitive control, and the registration of decision costs. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 107, 7922-7926. doi:10.1073/pnas .0910662107
38. McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2012). Drifting from slow to "d'oh!": Working memory capacity and mind wandering predict extreme reaction times and executive control errors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 525-549. doi:10.1037/a0025896
39. Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q. (2010). Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function. Brain Structure & Function, 214, 655-667. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0.
40. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202.
41. Muraven, M., Shmueli, D., & Burkley, E. (2006). Conserving self-control strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 524-537. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.524
42. Muraven, M., & Slessareva, E. (2003). Mechanisms of self-control failure: Motivation and limited resources. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 894-906. doi:10.1177/0146167203029007008
43. Muraven, M., Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Self-control as limited resource: Regulatory depletion patterns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 774-789. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.774
44. Murphy, F. C., Rubinsztein, J. S., Michael, A., Rogers, R. D., Robbins, T. W., Paykel, E. S., & Sahakian, B. J. (2001). Decision-making cognition in mania and depression. Psychological Medicine, 31, 679-693. doi:10.1017/S0033291701003804
45. Nicholson, W., & Snyder, C. M. (2008). Microeconomic theory: Basic principles and extensions. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
46. Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 676-682. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676
47. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
48. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
49. Sarter, M., Gehring, W. J., & Kozak, R. (2006). More attention must be paid: The neurobiology of attentional effort. Brain Research Reviews, 51, 145-160. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.11.002
50. Sridharan, D., Levitin, D., & Menon, V. (2008). A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and defaultmode networks. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 12569-12574. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800005105
51. van der Plas, E. A. A., Crone, E. A., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2009). Executive control deficits in substancedependent individuals: A comparison of alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine and of men and women. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31, 706-719. doi:10.1080/13803390802484797
52. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548-573. doi:10.1037/0033-295X .92.4.548
53. Weissman, D. H., Roberts, K. C., Visscher, K. M., & Woldorff, M. G. (2006). The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 971-978. doi:10.1038/nn1727
54. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Bates, D. E. (1998). Unmasking a cognitive vulnerability to depression: How lapses in mental control reveal depressive thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1559-1571. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1559