Reflective functioning: A review

Clinical Psychology Review

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 107-117

  Katznelson, Hannah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Attachment; Mentalization; Psychopathology; Psychotherapy; Reflective functioning

Indexed keywords

AUTISM; COUNTER TRANSFERENCE; DEPRESSION; EATING DISORDER; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; EMPIRICISM; HUMAN; MENTAL FUNCTION; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; OFFENDER; OUTCOME VARIABLE; PANIC; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PARENTAL DEPRIVATION; PERSONALITY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY; PSYCHOSIS; REFLECTIVE FUNCTION; REFLECTIVE FUNCTION SCALE; REVIEW; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC);

ATTACHMENT; MENTALIZATION; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING;

ADULT; CHILD; HUMANS; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PARENTS; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; THEORY OF MIND;

EID: 84893182461     PISSN: 02727358     EISSN: 18737811     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.003     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Aber, J., Slade, A., Berger, B., Bresgi, I., & Kaplan, M. (1985). The Parent Development Interview. Unpublished protocol. New York: The City University of New York.
2. Ainsworth M.D.S., Blehar M., Waters E., Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation 1978, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
3. Allen J.G., Fonagy P., Bateman A.W. Mentalizing in clinical practice 2008, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC.
4. Arnott B., Meins E. Links among antenatal attachment representations, postnatal mind-mindedness, and infant attachment security: A preliminary study of mothers and fathers. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 2007, 7(2):132-149.
5. Baron-Cohen S., Leslie A.M., Frith U. Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"?. Cognition 1985, 21:37-46.
6. Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Hill J., Raste Y., Plumb I. The "reading the mind in the eyes" test revised version: A study with normal adults and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2001, 42:241-251.
7. Benbassat N., Priel B. Parenting and adolescent adjustment: The role of parental reflective function. Journal of Adolescence 2012, 35:163-174.
8. Blatt S.J. Contributions of psychoanalysis to the understanding and treatment of depression. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 1998, 16:722-752.
9. Blatt, S.J., Chevron, E.S., Quinlan, D.M., Schaffer, C.E., & Wein, S. (1992). The assessment of qualitative and structural dimensions of object representations. Unpublished manuscript. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
10. Bly E.M., Wright A.J., Tuber S.B. Unemployed and poor in New York: The impact of mentalization and Axis II psychopathology on job outcome. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 2012, 76(2):101-129.
11. Bouchard M.A., Target M., Lecours S., Fonagy P., Tremblay L.M., Schachter A., et al. Mentalization in adult attachment narratives: Reflective functioning, mental states, and affect elaboration compared. Psychoanalytic Psychology 2008, 25(1):47-66.
12. Bronfman E., Parsons E., Lyons-Ruth K. Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE): Manual for coding disrupted affective communication, Version 2. Unpublished manuscript 1999, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA.
13. Choi-Kain L.W., Gunderson J.G. Mentalization: Ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 2008, 165(9):1127-1135.
14. Clarkin J.F., Caligor E., Stern B., Kernberg O.F. Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) 2004, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York.
15. Diamond, D., Clarkin, J., Levy, K., Levine, H., Kotov, K., & Stovall-McClough, C. (1999). The patient therapist adult attachment interview (PT-AAI). Unpublished manuscript. New York: The City University of New York, Department of Psychology.
16. Diamond D., Stovall-McClough C., Clarkin J.F., Levy K. Patient-therapist attachment of borderline personality disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 2003, 67(3):227-259.
17. Fertuck E.A., Mergenthaler E., Target M., Levy K., Clarkin J.F. Development and criterion validity of a computerized text analysis measure of reflective functioning. Psychotherapy Research 2012, 22(3):298-305.
18. Fischer-Kern M., Buchheim A., Hörz S., Schuster P., Doering S., Kapusta N.D., et al. The relationship between personality organization, reflective functioning, and psychiatric classification in borderline personality disorder. Psychoanalytic Psychology 2010, 27(4):395-409.
19. Fischer-Kern M., Fonagy P., Kapusta N.D., Luyten P., Boss S., Naderer A., et al. Mentalizing in female inpatients with major depressive disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2013, 201(3):202-207.
20. Fonagy P., Gergely G., Jurist E., Target M. Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self 2002, Other Press, New York.
21. Fonagy, P. & Ghinai, R.A. (2008). A self-report measure of mentalizing development and preliminary test of reliability and validity of the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ). Unpublished manuscript. London: University College.
22. Fonagy P., Leigh T., Steele M., Steele H., Kennedy R., Mattoon G., et al. The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 1996, 64:22-31.
23. Fonagy P., Steele M., Steele H., Higgitt A., Target M. Theory and practice of resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines 1994, 35:231-257.
24. Fonagy P., Steele M., Steele H., Moran G., Higgitt A. The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant mental Health Journal 1991, 13:200-217.
25. Fonagy P., Target M. Playing with reality, I: Theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 1996, 77:217-233.
26. Fonagy P., Target M. Playing with reality, III: The persistence of dual psychic reality in borderline patients. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 2000, 81:853-874.
27. Fonagy P., Target M. Bridging the transmission gap: An end to an important mystery of attachment research?. Attachment & Human Development 2005, 7(3):333-343.
28. Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1998). Reflective-Functioning manual: Version 5 for application to adult attachment interviews. Unpublished manual. London: University College.
29. George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1996). The Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley.
30. Gergely G., Watson J. The social biofeedback model of parental affect-mirroring. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 1996, 77:1181-1212.
31. Goodman G. Is mentalization a common process factor in transference-focused psychotherapy and dialectical behaviour therapy sessions?. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 2013, 23(2):179-192.
32. Grienenberger J., Kelly K., Slade A. Maternal reflective functioning, mother-infant affective communication, and infant attachment: Exploring the link between mental states and observed caregiving behavior in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. Attachment & Human Development 2005, 7(3):299-311.
33. Gullestad F.S., Johansen M.S., Høgland P., Karterud S., Wilberg T. Mentalization as a moderator of treatment effects: Findings from a randomized clinical trial for personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research 2012, 1-16.
34. Gullestad F.S., Wilberg T. Change in reflective functioning during psychotherapy: A single-case study. Psychotherapy Research 2011, 21(1):97-11.
35. Harpaz-Rotem I., Blatt S.J. Changes in representations of self-designated significant other in long-term intensive inpatient treatment of seriously disturbed adolescents and young adults. Psychiatry 2005, 68:266-282.
36. Jones E.E. Therapeutic action. A guide to psychoanalytic therapy 2000, Aronsson, Northvale, NJ.
37. Karlsson R., Kermott A. Reflective-functioning during the process in brief psychotherapies. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 2006, 43(1):65-84.
38. Katzman D.K., Kanbur N.D., Steinegger C.M. Medical screening and management of eating disorders in adolescents. The Oxford Handbook of eating disorders 2010, Oxford University Press, New York, NY. S.W. Agras (Ed.).
39. Kernberg O.F. Structural Interviewing. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1981, 4:169-195.
40. Kernberg O.F. Severe personality disorders: Psychotherapeutic strategies 1984, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
41. Levinson A., Fonagy P. Offending and attachment: The relationship interpersonal awareness and offending in a prison population with psychiatric disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis 2004, 12(2):225-251.
42. Levy K., Meehan K.B., Kelly K.M., Reynoso J.S., Weber M., Clarkin J.F., et al. Change in attachment patterns and reflective function in a randomized control trial of transference-focused psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2006, 74(6):1027-1040.
43. Lowyck B., Vermote R., Franssen M., Verhaest Y., Luyten P., Vertommen H., et al. Comparisons of reflective functioning as measured on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Object Relations Inventory (ORI) in patients with a personality disorder: A preliminary study. Poster presented at The American Psychoanalytic Association, 2009, Winter Meeting, New York 2009.
44. Lysaker P.H., Carcione A., Dimaggio G., Johannesen J.K., Nicolo G., Procacci M., et al. Metacognition amidst narratives of self and illness in schizophrenia: Associations with neurocognition, symptoms, insight and quality of life. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 2005, 112:64-71.
45. MacBeth A., Gumley A., Schwannauer M., Fisher R. Attachment states of mind, mentalization, and their correlates in a first-episode psychosis sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 2011, 84:42-57.
46. Main M., Goldwyn R. Adult attachment rating and classification system. A typology of human attachment organization assessed in discourse, drawings and Interviews 1990, Cambridge University Press, New York. M. Main (Ed.).
47. Main, M., Goldwyn, R., & Hesse, E. (2003). Adult attachment classification system. Unpublished document. Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley.
48. Main M., Kaplan N., Cassidy J. Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1985, 50:66-107. (1-2, Serial No. 203). I. Bretherton, E. Waters (Eds.).
49. Meehan K., Levy K.N., Reynoso J.S., Hill L.L., Clarkin J.F. Measuring reflective function with a multidimensional rating scale: Comparison with scoring reflective function on the AAI. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association 2009, 57:208-231.
50. Meins E. Security of attachment and the social development of cognition 1997, Psychology Press, Hove, UK.
51. Müller C., Kaufhold J., Overbeck G., Grabhorn R. The Importance of reflective functioning to the diagnosis of psychic structure. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 2006, 79(4):485-494.
52. Pajulo M., Pyykkönen N., Kalland M., Sinkkonen J., Helenius H., Punamäki R.L., et al. Substance-abusing mothers in residential treatment with their babies: Importance of pre- and postnatal maternal reflective functioning. Infant Mental Health Journal 2012, 33(1):70-81.
53. Pedersen S.H., Lunn S., Katznelson H., Poulsen S. Reflective functioning in 70 patients suffering from Bulimia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review 2012, 20(4):303-310.
54. Rizq R., Target M. "We had a constant battle". The role of attachment status in counselling psychologists' experiences of personal therapy: Some results from a mixed-methods study. Counselling Psychology Quarterly 2010, 23(4):343-369.
55. Rosenblum K., Mcdonough S., Sameroff A.J., Muzik M. Reflection in thought and action: Maternal parenting reflectivity predicts mind-minded comments and interactive behavior. Infant Mental Health Journal 2008, 29(4):362-376.
56. Rudden M.G., Milrod B., Target M. The brief reflective functioning interview 2005, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York.
57. Rudden M., Milrod B., Target M., Ackerman S., Graf E. Reflective functioning in panic disorder patients: A pilot study. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 2006, 54:1339-1343.
58. Rutherford H.J.V., Wareham J.D., Vrouva I., Mayes L.C., Fonagy P., Potenza M.N. Sex differences moderate the relationship between adolescent language and mentalization. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research and Treatment 2012, 3:393-405.
59. Rutimann D.D., Meehan K. Validity of a brief interview for assessing reflective function. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association 2012, 60:577-589.
60. Schechter D.S., Coots T., Zeanah C.H., Davies M., Coates S.W., Trabka K.A., et al. Maternal mental representations of the child in an inner-city clinical sample: Violence-related posttraumatic stress and reflective functioning. Attachment & Human Development 2005, 7(3):313-331.
61. Schechter D.S., Myers M.M., Brunelli S.A., Coates S.W., Zeanah C.H., Davis M., et al. Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions. Infant Mental Health Journal 2006, 27(5):429-447.
62. Sharp C., Venta A. Mentalizing problems in children and adolescents. Minding the Child 2012, 35-53. Routledge, Hove, UK. N. Midgley, I. Vrouva (Eds.).
63. Slade A. Parental reflective functioning: An introduction. Attachment & Human Development 2005, 7(3):269-281.
64. Slade, A., Bernbach, E., Grienenberger, J., Levy, D., & Locker. A. (2004). Addendum to Fonagy, Target, Steele & Steele reflective functioning scoring manual for use with the Parent Development Interview. Unpublished manuscript. New York, NY: The City College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
65. Slade A., Grienenberger J., Bernbach E., Levy D., Locker A. The parent development interview and the pregnancy interview: Manuals for scoring 2002, City College of New York and Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT.
66. Slade A., Grienenberger J., Bernbach E., Levy D., Locker A. The parent development interview and the pregnancy interview: Manuals for scoring 2005, City College of New York and Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT.
67. Slade A., Grienenberger J., Bernbach E., Levy D., Locker A. Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: A preliminary study. Attachment & Human Development 2005, 7(3):283-298.
68. Smith J.D., Shields W.E., Washburn D.A. The comparative psychology of uncertainty monitoring and metacognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2003, 26:317-373.
69. Sprong M., Schothorst P., Vos E., Hox J., van Engeland H. Theory of mind in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 191:5-13.
70. Steele H., Steele M. On the origins of reflective functioning. Mentalization: Theoretical considerations, research findings, and clinical implications. Psychoanalytic Inquiry Book Series 2008, 29:133-158. The Analytic Press, New York. F. Busch (Ed.).
71. Suchman N.E., DeCoste C., Castiglioni N., McMahon T.J., Rounsaville B., Mayes L. The Mothers and Toddlers Program, an attachment-based parenting intervention for substance using women: Post-treatment results from a randomized clinical pilot. Attachment & Human Development 2010, 12(5):483-504.
72. Suchman N.E., DeCoste C., Leigh D., Borelli J. Reflective functioning in mothers with drug use disorders: Implications for dyadic interactions with infants and toddlers. Attachment & Human Development 2010, 12(6):567-585.
73. Suchman N.E., DeCoste C., McMahon T.J., Rounsaville B., Mayes L. The Mothers and Toddlers Program, an attachment-based parenting intervention for substance-using women: Results at 6-week follow-up in a randomized clinical pilot. Infant Mental Health Journal 2011, 32(4):427-449.
74. Target M., Fonagy P., Shmueli-Goetz Y. Attachment representations in school-age children: The development of the Child Attachment Interview (CAI). Journal of Child Psychotherapy 2003, 29(2):171-186.
75. Taubner S., Kessler H., Buchheim A., Kächele H., Staun L. The role of mentalization in the psychoanalytic treatment of chronic depression. Psychiatry 2011, 74(1):49-57.
76. Taubner S., White L.O., Zimmermann J., Fonagy P., Nolte T. Attachment-related mentalization moderates the relationship between psychopathic traits and proactive aggression in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2013, 41(6):929-938.
77. Taylor E.L., Target M., Charman T. Attachment in adults with high-functioning autism. Attachment & Human Development 2008, 10(2):143-163.
78. Toth S.L., Rogosch F.A., Cicchetti D. Attachment-theory-informed intervention and reflective functioning in depressed mothers. Clinical applications of the adult attachment interview 2008, 154-172. Guilford Press, New York, NY. H. Steele, M. Steele (Eds.).
79. Trowell J., Davids Z., Miles G., Shmueli A., Paton A. Developing healthy mental health professionals: What can we learn from trainees?. Infant Observation 2006, 11(3):333-343.
80. Van Ecke Y., Chope R.C., Emmelkamp P.M.G. Immigrants and attachment status: research findings with Dutch and Belgian immigrants in California. Social Behaviour and Personality 2005, 33:657-674.
81. Van IJzendoorn M. Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive value of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin 1995, 117(3):387-403.
82. Vermote R., Lowyck B., Luyten P., Vertommen H., Corveleyn J., Verhaest Y., et al. Process and outcome in psychodynamic hospitalization-based treatment for patients with a personality disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2010, 198:110-115.
83. Ward A., Ramsay R., Turnbull S., Steele M., Steele H., Treasure J. Attachment in anorexia nervosa: A transgenerational perspective. British Journal of Medical Psychology 2001, 74:497-505.
84. Waters E., Treboux D., Fyffe C., Crowell J. Secure versus insecure and dismissing versus preoccupied attachment representation scored as continuous variables from AAI state of mind scales 2001, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, New York.
85. Zeanah C.H., Benoit D. Clinical applications of a parent perception interview in infant mental health. Child and Adolescent Clinics of North America 1995, 4(3):539-554.