Assessment of extracellular dehydration using saliva osmolality

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 114, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 85-92

  Ely, Brett R ^a,b   Cheuvront, Samuel N ^a   Kenefick, Robert W ^a   Spitz, Marissa G ^a   Heavens, Kristen R ^a   Walsh, Neil P ^c   Sawka, Michael N ^d  

^a U S ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

^c BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Furosemide; Hydration assessment; Hypohydration; Hypovolemia; Volume depletion

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHEMISTRY; DEHYDRATION; EVALUATION STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; OSMOLARITY; SALIVA; URINE;

ADULT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DEHYDRATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION; SALIVA;

EID: 84892668472     PISSN: 14396319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2747-z     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adolph EF, Wills JH (1947) Thirst. In: Visscher MB, Bronk DW, Landis EM, Ivy AC (eds) Physiology of Man in the Desert, Interscience, New York, NY, pp 241-253
2. Armstrong LE (2005) Hydration assessment techniques. Nutr Rev 63:40-54 (Pubitemid 40840405)
3. Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J (2003) Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet 361:2226-2234 (Pubitemid 36782560)
4. Caddy B (1984) Saliva as a specimen for drug analysis. In: Baselt RC (ed) Advances in analytical toxicology. Biomedical Publications, Foster City, pp 198-254
5. Cheuvront SN, Ely BR, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN (2010a) Biological variation and diagnostic accuracy of dehydration assessment markers. Am J Clin Nutr 92:565-573
6. Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Montain SJ, Sawka MN (2010b) Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration. J Appl Physiol 109:1989-1995
7. Cheuvront SN, Ely BR, Kenefick RW, Buller MJ, Charkoudian N, Sawka MN (2012) Hydration assessment using the cardiovascular response to standing. Eur J Appl Physiol 112:4081-4089
8. Cheuvront S, Kenefick R, Charkoudian N, Sawka M (2013) Physiologic basis for understanding quantitative dehydration assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 97:455-462
9. Darrow DC (1938) The importance of deficit of sodium and chloride in dehydration. J Pediatr 13:670-677
10. Dill DB, Costill DL (1974) Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 37:247-248
11. Ely BR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN (2011) Limitations of salivary osmolality as a marker of hydration status. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43:1080-1084
12. Fraser CG, Hyltoft PP, Larsen ML (1990) Setting analytical goals for random analytical error in specific clinical monitoring situations. Clin Chem 36:1625-1628
13. Freund BJ, Young AJ (1996) Environmental influences body fluid balance during exercise: cold exposure. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM (eds) Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport. CRC, New York, pp 159-181
14. Gennari FJ, Kassirer JP (1974) Osmotic diuresis. N Engl J Med 291:714-720
15. Haditsch B, Roessler A, Hinghofer-Szalkay HG (2007) Renal adrenomedullin and high altitude diuresis. Physiol Res 56:779-787
16. Hagan RD, Diaz FJ, McMurray RG, Horvath SM (1980) Plasma volume changes related to posture and exercise. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 165:155-160 (Pubitemid 11248581)
17. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ (1983) A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology 148:839-843 (Pubitemid 13033817)
18. Hayajneh WA, Jdaitawi H, Al SA, Hayajneh YA (2010) Comparison of clinical associations and laboratory abnormalities in children with moderate and severe dehydration. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 50:290-294
19. Hoyt RW, Honig A (1996) Body fluid and energy metabolism at high altitude. In: Blatteis CM, Fregley MJ (eds) Handbook of Physiology: Adaptation to the environment, Oxford University Press for the American Physiological Society, New York, pp 1277-1289
20. Institute of Medicine (2005) Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate The National Academies Press, Washington, DC
21. Jackson A, Pollock M (1985) Practical assessment of body composition. Physician Sports Med J 13:75-90
22. Kimmerly D, Shoemaker J (2003) Hypovolemia and MSNA discharge patterns: assessing and interpreting sympathetic responses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284:H1198-H1204
23. Laron Z (1957) Skin turgor as a quantitative index of dehydration in children. Pediatrics 19:816-822
24. Lennquist S (1972) Cold-induced diuresis. A study with special reference to electrolyte excretion, osmolal balance and hormonal changes. Scand J Urol Nephrol 9:1-142
25. Mange K, Matsuura D, Cizman B, Soto H, Ziyadeh FN, Goldfarb S, Neilson EG (1997) Language guiding therapy: the case of dehydration versus volume depletion. Ann Intern Med 127:848-853 (Pubitemid 27465560)
26. Matsuo R, Garrett J, Proctor G, Carpenter G (2000) Reflex secretion of proteins into submandibular saliva in conscious rats, before and after preganglionic sympathectomy. J Physiol 527:175-184 (Pubitemid 30649594)
27. McGee S, Abernethy III WB, Simel DL (1999) The rational clinical examination. Is this patient hypovolemic? J Amer Med Assoc 281:1022-1029
28. Nadal JW, Pedersen S, Maddock WG (1941) A comparison between dehydration from salt loss and from water deprivation. J Clin Invest 20:691-703
29. Nauntofte B (1992) Regulation of electrolyte and fluid secretion in salivary acinar cells. Am J Physiol 263:G823-G837
30. Nose H, Mack GW, Shi XR, Nadel ER (1988) Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans. J Appl Physiol 65:318-324
31. O'Brien C, Young AJ, Sawka MN (1998) Hypohydration and thermoregulation in cold air. J Appl Physiol 84:185-189 (Pubitemid 28065127)
32. Obuchowski N, Lieber M, Wians F (2004) ROC curves in clinical chemistry: uses, misuses, and possible solutions. Clin Chem 50:1118-1125 (Pubitemid 38824221)
33. Oliver SJ, Laing SJ, Wilson S, Bilzon JL, Walsh NP (2008) Saliva indices track hypohydration during 48 h of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction. Arch Oral Biol 53:975-980
34. Peacock WF, Soto KM (2010) Current techniques of fluid status assessment. Contrib Nephrol 164:128-142
35. Proctor G, Carpenter G (2007) Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves. Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (Pubitemid 46483257)
36. Romano G, Bortolotti N, Falleti E, Favret G, Gonano F, Bartoli GE (1999) The influence of furosemide on free water clearance. Panminerva Med 41:103-108
37. Sawka M, Young A, Pandolf K, Dennis R, Valeri C (1992) Erythrocyte, plasma, and blood volume of healthy young men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 24:447-453
38. Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS (2007) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:377-390
39. Schrier RW (1990) Body fluid volume regulation in health and disease: a unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med 113:155-159 (Pubitemid 20218633)
40. Seay JF, Ely BR, Kenefick RW, Sauer SG, Cheuvront SN (2013) Hypohydration does not alter standing balance. Mot Control 17:190-202
41. Smith DL, Shalmiyeva I, Deblois J, Winke M (2012) Use of salivary osmolality to assess dehydration. Prehosp Emerg Care 16:128-135
42. Stachenfeld N, Silva C, Keefe D, Kokoszka C, Nadel E (1999) Effects of oral contraceptives on body fluid regulation. J Appl Physiol 87:1016-1025 (Pubitemid 29436979)
43. Stason WB, Cannon PJ, Heinemann HO, Laragh JH (1966) Furosemide. A clinical evaluation of its diuretic action. Circulation 34:910-920
44. Taylor NA, van den Heuvel AM, Kerry P, McGhee S, Peoples GE, Brown MA, Patterson MJ (2012) Observations on saliva osmolality during progressive dehydration and partial rehydration. Eur J Appl Physiol 112:3227-3237
45. Vokes TJ, Weiss NM, Schreiber J, Gaskill MB, Robertson GL (1988) Osmoregulation of thirst and vasopressin during normal menstrual cycle. Am J Physiol 254:R641-R647
46. Walsh NP, Laing SJ, Oliver SJ, Montague JC, Walters R, Bilzon JL (2004a) Saliva parameters as potential indices of hydration status during acute dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1535-1542 (Pubitemid 39202622)
47. Walsh NP, Montague JC, Callow N, Rowlands AV (2004b) Saliva flow rate, total protein concentration and osmolality as potential markers of whole body hydration status during progressive acute dehydration in humans. Arch Oral Biol 49:149-154 (Pubitemid 38157578)
48. Wang Z, Deurenberg P, Wang W, Pietrobelli A, Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB (1999) Hydration of fat-free body mass: review and critique of a classic body-composition constant. Am J Clin Nutr 69:833-841 (Pubitemid 29205055)
49. Warren JL, Bacon WE, Harris T, McBean AM, Foley DJ, Phillips C (1994) The burden and outcomes associated with dehydration among US elderly, 1991. Am J Public Health 84:1265-1269 (Pubitemid 24250695)
50. World Health Organization (1995) The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, Geneva, Switzerland