The epidemiology and geographic distribution of relapsing fever borreliosis in West and North Africa, with a review of the Ornithodoros erraticus complex (Acari: Ixodida)

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 11, 2013, Pages

  Trape, Jean François ^a   Diatta, Georges ^a   Arnathau, Céline ^b   Bitam, Idir ^c   Sarih, M'Hammed ^d   Belghyti, Driss ^e   Bouattour, Ali ^f   Elguero, Eric ^b   Vial, Laurence ^a,b   Mané, Youssouph ^a   Baldé, Cellou ^g   Pugnolle, Franck ^b   Chauvancy, Gilles ^a   Mahé, Gil ^h   Granjon, Laurent ^a   Duplantier, Jean Marc ^a   Durand, Patrick ^b   Renaud, François ^b  

^a INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (Senegal)

^b University de Montpellier   (France)

^c Institut Pasteur d'Algerie   (Algeria)

^d Institut Pasteur du Maroc   (Morocco)

^e IBN TOFAIL UNIVERSITY   (Morocco)

^f PASTEUR INSTITUTE OF TUNIS   (Tunisia)

^g Institut Pasteur de Guinee   (Guinea)

^h INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ARTICLE; BORRELIA; BORRELIA CROCIDURAE; BORRELIA HISPANICA; BORRELIA INFECTION; BORRELIA MERIONESI; CENTRAL AFRICA; DISEASE CARRIER; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; NORTH AFRICA; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ORNITHODOROS; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; RELAPSE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; TICK;

AFRICA; ANIMALS; BORRELIA; DISEASE VECTORS; HEDGEHOGS; HUMANS; ORNITHODOROS; PHYLOGENY; RELAPSING FEVER; RODENTIA; TICK INFESTATIONS;

EID: 84892598357     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078473     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Southern PM, Sanford JP (1969) Relapsing fever. A clinical and microbiological review. Medicine 48: 129-149.
2. Rodhain F (1976) Borrelia et fièvres récurrentes: aspects épidémiologiques actuels. Bull Inst Pasteur 74: 173-218.
3. Goubau PF (1984) Relapsing fevers. A review. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 64: 335-364. PubMed: 6397148.
4. Cadavid D, Barbour AG (1998) Neuroborreliosis during relapsing fever : review of clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of infections in humans and experimental animals. Clin Infect Dis 26: 151-164. doi:10.1086/516276. PubMed: 9455525.
5. Bryceson ADM, Parry EHO, Perine PL, Warrell DA, Vukotich D et al. (1970) Louse-borne relapsing fever. Q J Med 153: 129-170.
6. Mackie FP (1907) The part played by Pediculus corporis in the transmission of relapsing fever. BMJ 2: 1706-1709. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2450.1706. PubMed: 20763589.
7. Sergent E, Foley H (1908) Fièvre récurrente du sud-oranais et Pediculus vestimenti. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1: 174-176.
8. Mathis C (1946) La spirochétose à poux. In : C Mathis. L'oeuvre des Pastoriens en Afrique noire (Afrique Occidentale Française). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. pp. 313-317.
9. Gaud M, Morgan M (1947) Etude épidémiologique sur la fièvre récurrente en Afrique du Nord (1943-1945). Bull Wrld Hlth Org 1: 75-98.
10. Gaud M, Khalil M, Vaucel M (1947) L'évolution de l'épidémie de fièvre récurrente (1942-1946). Bull Wrld Hlth Org 1: 99-107.
11. Garnham PCC, Heisch RB, Timms GL (1947) An epidemic of louseborne relapsing fever in Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 41: 140-171. PubMed: 20270461.
12. Weldon ED (1955) World Distribution of Spirochetal Diseases. 2. Relapsing Fevers: Louse-BorneTick-Borne. New York: Map, American Geographical Society.
13. Cutler SJ (2006) Possibilities for Relapsing Fever reemergence. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 369-374. doi:10.3201/eid1203.050899. PubMed: 16704771.
14. Sparrow H (1958) Etude du foyer éthiopien de fièvre récurrente. Bull Wrld Hlth Org 19: 673-710.
15. Eguale T, Abate G, Balcha F (2002) Relapsing fever in Hossana, Ethiopia : a clinical and epidemiological study. Ethiop. J Health Sci 12: 103-108.
16. Ramos JM, Malmierca E, Reyes F, Tesfamariam A (2008) Results of a 10-year survey of louse-borne relapsing fever in southern Ethiopia: a decline in endemicity. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 467-469. doi:10.1179/136485908X300887. PubMed: 18577339.
17. Ross PH, Milne AD (1904) Tick Fever. BMJ ii: 1453-1454.
18. Dutton JE, Todd JL (1905) The nature of tick fever in the Eastern part of the Congo Free State, with notes on the distribution and bionomics of the tick. BMJ 2341: 1259-1260.
19. Nicolle C, Anderson C (1928) Présence au Maroc du spirochète de la fièvre récurrente d'Espagne 17. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. pp. 83-107.
20. Mathis C, Durieux C (1932) Identité, à Dakar, de Spirochaeta duttoni var. crocidurae et du spirochète infectant dans la nature Ornithodoros erraticus. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 21 : 472-485.
21. Leeson HS (1952) The recorded distribution of Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) (Acarina). Bull Entomol Res 43: 407-411. doi:10.1017/S000748530004058X.
22. Walton GA (1962) The Ornithodoros moubata superspecies problem in relation to human relapsing fever epidemiology. In: Aspects of disease transmission by ticks. Symp Zool Soc Lond: 83-153
23. Morel PC (1965) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin Mé diterranéen. Maisons-Alfort: IEMVT, 2003
24. Barclay AJG, Coulter JBS (1990) Tick-borne relapsing fever in central Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84: 852-856. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90106- O. PubMed: 2096523.
25. Goubau PF, Munyangeyo C (1983) Fièvre récurrente à tiques et grossesse. Une étude clinique au Rwanda. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop; 63: 347-355. PubMed: 6667057.
26. Hornus P (1928) Note au sujet de la fièvre récurrente marocaine, 17. Tunis: Arch Inst Pasteur. pp. 327-331.
27. Sergent A, Manceaux A, Balliste R (1933) Premier cas de fièvre récurrente hispano-africaine observé en Algérie. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 26: 906-908.
28. Anderson C (1935) Sur la présence d'O. erraticus infecté par Sp. hispanicum dans la banlieue de Tunis. Tunis: Arch Inst Pasteur; 22: 350-363
29. Chabaud AG (1954) L'Ornithodoros erraticus (Lucas 1849); multiplicité de ses races. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 29: 89-130. PubMed: 13181221.
30. Sarih M, Garnier M, Boudebouch N, Bouattour A, Rihani A et al. (2009) Borrelia hispanica relapsing fever, Morocco. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1626-1629. PubMed: 19861058.
31. Bouattour A, Garnier M, M'Ghirbi Y, Sarih M, Gern L et al. (2010) Borrelia crocidurae infection of Ornithodoros erraticus (Lucas, 1849) ticks in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 825-830. doi:10.1089/vbz.2009.0151. PubMed: 20420529.
32. De Buen S (1926) Note préliminaire sur l'épidé miologie de la fièvre récurrente espagnole. Ann Parasit 4: 185-192.
33. Mathis C, Durieux C, Advier M (1934) Transmission naturelle et expérimentale à l'homme du spirochète infectant dans la nature, à Dakar, la tique: Ornithodorus erraticus var. marocanus. Ann Inst Pasteur 52: 166-178.
34. Bergeret C, Raoult A (1946) La fièvre récurrente à tiques à Dakar. Bull Med AOF 3: 29-56.
35. Boiron H (1949) Considérations sur la fièvre récurrente à tiques au Sénégal. L'importance du rat comme réservoir de virus. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 42: 62-70.
36. Trape JF, Godeluck B, Diatta G, Rogier C, Legros F et al. (1996) The spread of tick-borne borreliosis in West Africa and its relationship to sub-saharan drought. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 289-293. PubMed: 8600768.
37. Schwan TG, Anderson JM, Lopez JE, Fischer RJ, Raffel SJ et al. (2012) Endemic foci of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia crocidurae in Mali. Africa: West, and the potential for human infection. Plos Negl Trop Dis 6, e. p. 1924
38. Trape JF, Duplantier JM, Bouganali H, Rogier C, Legros F et al. (1991) Tick-Borne Borreliosis in West Africa. Lancet 337: 473-475. doi:10.1016/0140- 6736(91)93404-W. PubMed: 1671481.
39. Vial L, Diatta G, Tall A, Ba EH, Bouganali H et al. (2006) Incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever in West Africa: longitudinal study. Lancet 368: 37-43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68968-X. PubMed: 16815378.
40. Diatta G, Trape JF, Legros F, Rogier C, Duplantier JM (1994) A comparative study of three methods of detection of Borrelia crocidurae in wild rodents in Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88: 423-424. doi:10.1016/0035- 9203(94)90412-X. PubMed: 7570827.
41. Wilson DE, Reeder DM (2005) Mammals of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol 1 & 2. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. 2142 pp.
42. Granjon L, Duplantier JM (2009) Les rongeurs de l'Afrique sahélosoudanienne. Mars IRD: 215.
43. Granjon L, Dobigny G (2003) The importance of chromosomally-based identifications for correct understanding of African rodent zoogeography: Lake Chad murids as an example. Mamm Rev 33: 77-91. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2003. 00007.x.
44. Lecompte E, Denys C, Granjon L (2005) Confrontation of morphological and molecular data: the Praomys group (Rodentia, Murinae) as a case of adaptative convergences and morphological stasis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 37: 899-919. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.018. PubMed: 16111900.
45. Dobigny G, Aniskin V, Granjon L, Cornette R, Volobouev V (2005) Recent radiation in West African Taterillus (Rodentia, Gerbillinae): the concerted role of climatic and chromosome changes. Heredity 95: 358-368. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy. 6800730. PubMed: 16106262.
46. Colangelo P, Granjon L, Taylor PJ, Corti M (2007) Evolutionary systematics in African gerbilline rodents of the genus Gerbilliscus: inference from mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 42: 797-806. doi:10.1016/j.ympev. 2006.10.001. PubMed: 17113792.
47. Dobigny G, Tatard C, Kane M, Gauthier P, Brouat C et al. (2011) A cytotaxonomic and DNA-based Survey of rodents from Northern Cameroon and Western Chad. Mamm Biol 76 : 417-427.
48. Fukunaga M, Ushijima Y, Aoki Y, Talbert A (2001) Detection of Borrelia duttoni, a tick-borne relapsing fever agent in Central Tanzania, within ticks by Flagellin gene-based nested polymerase chain reaction. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1: 331-338. doi:10.1089/15303660160025949. PubMed: 12653131.
49. Bunikis J, Tsao J, Berglund J, Fish D, Barbour AG (2004) Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe. Microbiology 150: 1741-1755. doi:10.1099/mic.0.26944-0. PubMed: 15184561.
50. Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp S 41: 95-98.
51. Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817-818. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817. PubMed: 9918953.
52. Hasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T (1985) Dating of the Human-Ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial-DNA. J Mol Evol 22: 160-174. doi:10.1007/BF02101694. PubMed: 3934395.
53. Guindon S, Gascuel O (2003) A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol 52: 696-704. doi:10.1080/10635150390235520. PubMed: 14530136.
54. Vitorino L, Chelo IM, Bacellar F, Zé-Zé L (2007) Rickettsiae phylogeny: a multigenic approach. Microbiology 153: 160-168
55. Chausov EV, Ternovoi VA, Protopopova EV, Konovalova SN, Kononova YV et al. (2010) Genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogenes in Tomsk and environs. Entomol Rev 90: 240-250. doi:10.1134/S0013873810020090.
56. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M et al. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731-2739. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr121. PubMed: 21546353.
57. Mahé G, Rouché N, Dieulin C, Boyer JF, Ibrahim B et al. (2012) Carte des pluies annuelles en Afrique / Annual rainfall map of Africa. Bondy: IRD.
58. R-Development Core Team (2006) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
59. Blanc G, Maurice A (1948) Contribution à l'étude du spirochète de Goulimine. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 41: 139-141.
60. Diatta G, Souidi Y, Granjon L, Arnathau C, Durand P et al. (2012) Epidemiology of tick-borne borreliosis in Morocco. Plos Neg Trop. Drosophila Inf Serv 6: e1810.
61. Venzal JM, Estrada-Peña A, Mangold AJ, González-Acuña D, Guglielmone AA (2008) The Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) talaje species group (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae): description of Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) rioplatensis n. sp. from southern South America. J Med Entomol 45: 832-840. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[832:TOATSG]2.0.CO;2. PubMed: 18826024.
62. Lucas H (1849) Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie. Zoologie I. Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés Première partie. Crustacés, arachnides, myriapodes et hexapodes. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. pp. 316-317. PubMed: 20794664
63. Larrousse F (1923) Présence au Kef (Tunisie) d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Ornithodoros : O. normandi n. sp. Ann Parasit 1: 170-177.
64. Velu H (1919) Existence au Maroc d'une nouvelle espèce d'ornithodore. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 12: 99-104.
65. Sautet J, Witkowski M (1944) A propos d'un ornithodore trouvé à Gao. Bull Soc Pathol Exot; 37: 182-188.
66. Colas Belcour J (1930) Sur l'identité d'Ornithodoros erraticus Lucas et d'O. marocanus Vélu. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis 19: 1-12
67. Camicas JL, Hervy JP, Adam F, Morel PC (1998) Les Tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades décrits, hôtes, répartition. / The Ticks of the World Nomenclature, Described stages, Hosts, Distribution (Acarida, Ixodida). Paris ORSTOM: 233.
68. Guglielmone AA, Robbins RG, Apanaskevich DA, Petney TN, Estrada-Peña A et al. (2010) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa 2528: 1-28.
69. Neumann G (1896) Révision de la famille des Ixodidés. Mem Soc Zool France 9: 25-44.
70. Balthazard M, Bahmanyar M, Modifi C (1950) Ornithodoros erraticus et fièvres récurrentes. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 43: 595-601.
71. Morel PC, Magimel J (1959) Les tiques des animaux domestiques de la région de Fort-Lamy (Tchad) et Fort-Foureau (Cameroun). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 12: 53-58.
72. Trape JF (1985) Rapid evaluation of malaria parasite density and standardization of thick smear examination for epidemiological investigations. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 181-184. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90329-3. PubMed: 3890280.
73. Nordstrand A, Bunikis I, Larsson C, Tsogbe K, Schwan TG et al. (2007) Tickborne relapsing fever diagnosis obscured by malaria, Togo. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 117-123. doi:10.3201/eid1301.060670. PubMed: 17370524.
74. Leeson HS (1953) Some notes on the recorded distribution of old world species of Ornithodoros (Acarina). Bull Entomol Res 44: 517-526. doi:10.1017/S0007485300025591.
75. Hoogstraal H (1956) Ornithodoros. In: Ticks of the Sudan. Cairo, U.S.: Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Research Report NM 005 050.29.07, 113-130
76. Cutler SJ, Abdissa A, Trape JF (2009) New concepts for the old challenges of African relapsing fever borreliosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 400-406. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02819.x. PubMed: 19489922.
77. Kisinza WN, McCall PJ, Mitani H, Talbert A, Fukunaga M (2003) A newly identified tick-borne Borrelia species and relapsing fever in Tanzania. Lancet 362: 1283-1284. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14609-0. PubMed: 14575974.