School segregation, educational attainment, and crime: Evidence from the end of busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg

Quarterly Journal of Economics

Volumn 129, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 435-476

  Billings, Stephen B ^a   Deming, David J ^b   Rockoff, Jonah ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE   (United States)

^b HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION   (United States)

^c The Sanford C Bernstein Co Center for Leadership and Ethics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRIME; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; MINORITY GROUP; RACIAL DISPARITY; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; SOCIAL SEGREGATION;

CHARLOTTE; MECKLENBURG COUNTY [NORTH CAROLINA]; NORTH CAROLINA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84892517573     PISSN: 00335533     EISSN: 15314650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjt026     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Angrist, Joshua D., Parag A. Pathak, and Christopher R. Walters, "Explaining Charter School Effectiveness," NBER Working Paper No. 17332, 2011.
2. Armor, David J., and C. H. Rossell, "Desegregation and Resegregation in the Public Schools," in Beyond the Color Line: New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America, A. Thernstrom and S. Thernstrom, eds. (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2002), 219-258.
3. Ashenfelter, Orley, William J. Collins, and Albert Yoon, "Evaluating the Role of Brown vs. Board of Education in School Equalization, Desegregation, and the Income of African Americans," American Law and Economics Review, 8 (2006), 213-248.
4. Attewell, Paul, "The Winner-Take-All High School: Organizational Adaptations to Educational Stratification," Sociology of Education, 74, no. 4 (2001), 267-295.
5. Bayer, Patrick, Fernando Ferreira, and Robert McMillan, "A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods," Journal of Political Economy, 115, no. 4 (2007), 588-638.
6. Bifulco, Robert, Jason M. Fletcher, and Stephen L. Ross, "The Effect of Classmate Characteristics on Post-Secondary Outcomes: Evidence from the Add Health," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3, no. 1 (2011), 25-53.
7. Black, Sandra, "Do Better Schools Matter? Parental Valuation of Elementary Education," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (1999), 577-599.
8. Cameron, A. Colin, Jonah B. Gelbach, and Douglas L. Miller, "Robust Inference with Multiway Clustering," Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 29, no. 2 (2011), 238-249.
9. Card, David, and Alan B. Krueger, "Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and Characteristics of Public School in the United States," Journal of Political Economy, 100, no. 1 (1992), 1-40.
10. Card, David, and Jesse Rothstein, "Racial Segregation and the Black-White Test Score Gap," Journal of Public Economics, 91 (2007), 2158-2184.
11. Carrell, Scott E., and Mark L. Hoekstra, "Externalities in the Classroom: How Children Exposed to Domestic Violence Affect Everyone's Kids," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2, no. 1 (2010), 211-228.
12. Cascio, Elizabeth, Nora Gordon, Ethan Lewis, and Sarah Reber, "Paying for Progress: Conditional Grants and the Desegregation of Southern Schools," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125 (2010), 445-482.
13. Chetty, Raj, John N. Friedman, Nathaniel Hilger, Emmanuel Saez, Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, and Danny Yagan, "How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence from Project STAR," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126 (2011), 1593-1660.
14. Clotfelter, Charles T., Helen F. Ladd, and Jacob L. Vigdor, "Teacher Credentials and Student Achievement in High School: A Cross-Subject Analysis with Student Fixed Effects," Journal of Human Resources, 45, no. 3 (2007), 655-681.
15. CMS Schools, "High School Challenge Update," public presentation made to the Mecklenburg County Board of Education, dated December 13, 2005.
16. CMS Schools, "Update on High School Challenge," press release by CMS Schools, October 15, 2008.
17. Cook, Michael D., and William N. Evans, "Families or Schools? Explaining the Convergence in White and Black Academic Performance," Journal of Labor Economics, 18, no. 4 (2000), 729-754.
18. Cook, Philip J., and Jens Ludwig, "Assigning Youths to Minimize Total Harm," in Deviant Peer Influences in Programs for Youth, Kenneth A. Dodge, Joan McCord, Thomas J. Dishion, and Jennifer E. Lansford, eds. (New York: The Guilford Press, 2006), 67-89.
19. Crosnoe, Robert, "Low Income Students and the Socioeconomic Composition of Public High Schools," American Sociological Review, 74, no. 5 (2009), 709-730.
20. Cutler, David M., and Edward L. Glaeser, "Are Ghettos Good or Bad?," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (1997), 827-872.
21. Deming, David J., "Better Schools, Less Crime?," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126 (2011), 2063-2115.
22. Deming, David J., Justine S. Hastings, Thomas J. Kane, and Douglas O. Staiger, "School Choice, School Quality and Postsecondary Attainment," NBER Working Paper No. 17438, 2013.
23. Dobbie, Will, and Roland G. Fryer, "Are High-Quality Schools Enough to Close the Achievement Gap? Evidence from a Bold Social Experiment in Harlem," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (2013), forthcoming.
24. Fletcher, Jason, Stephen Ross, and Yuxiu Zhang, "The Determinants and Consequences of Friendship Composition," unpublished working paper, 2013.
25. Guryan, J., "Desegregation and Black Dropout Rates," American Economic Review, 94 (2004), 919-943.
26. Hanushek, E., J. F. Kain, and S. Rivkin, "New Evidence about Brown v. Board of Education: The Complex Effects of School Racial Composition on Achievement," Journal of Labor Economics, 27 (2009), 349-383.
27. Hastings, Justine S., Thomas J. Kane, and Douglas O. Staiger, "Heterogeneous Preferences and the Efficacy of Public School Choice," working paper, 2008.
28. Hoxby, Caroline, "Peer Effects in the Classroom: Learning from Gender and Race Variation," NBER Working Paper No. 7867, 2000.
29. Hoxby, Caroline M., and Gretchen Weingarth, "Taking Race out of the Equation: School Reassignment and the Structure of Peer Effects," Working Paper, 2006.
30. Imberman, Scott, Adriana D. Kugler, and Bruce Sacerdote, "Katrina's Children: Evidence on the Structure of Peer Effects from Hurricane Evacuees," American Economic Review, 102, no. 5 (2012), 2048-2082.
31. Jackson, C. Kirabo, "Student Demographics, Teacher Sorting, and Teacher Quality: Evidence from the End of School Desegregation," Journal of Labor Economics, 27, no. 2 (2009), 213-256.
32. Johnson, Rucker C., "Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation & School Quality on Adult Attainments," NBER Working Paper No. 16664, 2011.
33. Kane, Thomas J., Douglas O. Staiger, and Stephanie K. Riegg, "School Quality, Neighborhoods, and Housing Prices: The Impacts of School Desegregation," NBER Working Paper No. 11347, 2005.
34. Katz, Lawrence F., Jeffrey R. Kling, and Jeffrey B. Liebman, "Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (2001), 607-654.
35. Kinsler, Josh, "Understanding the Black-White School Discipline Gap," Economics of Education Review, 30 (2011), 1370-1383.
36. Kling, Jeffrey R., Jeffrey B. Liebman, and Lawrence F. Katz, "Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects," Econometrica, 75, no. 1 (2007), 83-119.
37. Liebowitz, David, and Lindsay Page, "Is School Policy Housing Policy? Evidence from the End of Desegregation in Charlotte-Mecklenburg," unpublished working paper, 2012.
38. Linden, Leigh, and Jonah Rockoff, "Estimates of the Impact of Crime Risk on Property Values from Megan's Laws," American Economic Review, 98, no. 3 (2008), 1103-1127.
39. Ludwig, Jens O., Jeffrey R. Kling, and Lawrence F. Katz, "Neighborhood Effects on Crime for Female and Male Youth: Evidence from a Randomized Housing Voucher Experiment," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120 (2005), 87-130.
40. Lutz, Byron, "The End of Court-Ordered Desegregation," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3, no. 2 (2011), 130-168.
41. Margo, Robert A. Race and Schooling in the U.S. South 1880-1950: An Economic History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
42. Massey, Douglas, and Nancy Denton, "The Dimensions of Residential Segregation," Social Forces, 67 (1988), 281-315.
43. Mickelson, Roslyn A., "The Academic Consequences of Desegregation and Segregation: Evidence from the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools," North Carolina Law Review, 81 (2003), 1513-1562.
44. Mickelson, Roslyn A., Stephen S. Smith, and Stephanie Southworth, "Resegregation, Achievement, and the Chimera of Choice in Post-Unitary Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools," in From the Courtroom to the Classroom: The Shifting Landscape of School Desegregation, C. E. Smrekar and E. B. Goldring, eds. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 129-156.
45. NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, 2000 Annual Report (New York: NAACP, 2000).
46. Reardon, Sean F., Elena Tej Grewal, Demetra Kalogrides, and Erica Greenberg, "Brown Fades: The End of Court-Ordered School Desegregation and the Resegregation of American Public Schools," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 31, no. 4 (2012), 876-904.
47. Reber, Sarah J., "School Desegregation and Educational Attainment for Blacks," Journal of Human Resources, 45, no. 4 (2010).
48. Rossell, Christine, and David Armor, "The Effectiveness of School Desegregation Plans, 1968-1991," American Politics Quarterly, 24, no. 3 (1996), 267-302.
49. Smith, Stephen S. Boom for Whom? Education, Desegregation and Development in Charlotte (Albany: SUNY Press, 2004).
50. Vigdor, J. L., and J. O. Ludwig, "Segregation and the Test Score Gap," in Steady Gains and Stalled Progress: Inequality and the Black-White Test Score Gap, K. Magnuson and J. Waldfogel, eds. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).
51. Weinberg, Bruce A., "Social Interactions with Endogenous Associations," NBER Working Paper No. 13038, 2007.
52. Weiner, David A., Byron F. Lutz, and Jens Ludwig, "The Effects of School Desegregation on Crime," NBER Working Paper No. 15380, 2009.
53. Weinstein, Jeffrey M., "The Impact of School Racial Compositions on Neighborhood Racial Compositions: Evidence from School Redistricting," working paper, 2011.