메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 11, 2013, Pages

High rates of hepatitis C virus reinfection and spontaneous clearance of reinfection in people who inject drugs: A prospective cohort study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; COHORT ANALYSIS; DRUG ABUSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIXED INFECTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REINFECTION; VIRAL CLEARANCE; VIREMIA; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84892421965     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080216     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 23944506014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of hepatitis C
    • doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70216-4. PubMed: 16122679
    • Shepard CW, Finelli L, Alter MJ (2005) Global epidemiology of hepatitis C. Lancet Infect Dis 5: 558-567. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70216-4. PubMed: 16122679.
    • (2005) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 558-567
    • Shepard, C.W.1    Finelli, L.2    Alter, M.J.3
  • 2
    • 84857144025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Increasing Burden of Mortality From Viral Hepatitis in the United States Between 1999 and 2007
    • doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00004. PubMed: 22351712
    • Ly KN, Xing J, Klevens RM, Jiles RB, Ward JW et al. (2012) The Increasing Burden of Mortality From Viral Hepatitis in the United States Between 1999 and 2007. Ann Intern Med 156: 271-278. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00004. PubMed: 22351712.
    • (2012) Ann Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 271-278
    • Ly, K.N.1    Xing, J.2    Klevens, R.M.3    Jiles, R.B.4    Ward, J.W.5
  • 3
    • 56149097600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-Regression of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Relation to Time Since Onset of Illicit Drug Injection: The Influence of Time and Place
    • doi:10.1093/aje/kwn237. PubMed: 18849303
    • Hagan H, Pouget ER, Des Jarlais DC, Lelutiu-Weinberger C (2008) Meta-Regression of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Relation to Time Since Onset of Illicit Drug Injection: The Influence of Time and Place. Am J Epidemiol 168: 1099-1109. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn237. PubMed: 18849303.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.168 , pp. 1099-1109
    • Hagan, H.1    Pouget, E.R.2    Des Jarlais, D.C.3    Lelutiu-Weinberger, C.4
  • 4
    • 80051676859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: Results of systematic reviews
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61097-0. PubMed: 21802134
    • Nelson PK, Mathers BM, Cowie B, Hagan H, Des Jarlais D et al. (2011) Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews. Lancet 378: 571-583. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11) 61097-0. PubMed: 21802134.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 571-583
    • Nelson, P.K.1    Mathers, B.M.2    Cowie, B.3    Hagan, H.4    Des Jarlais, D.5
  • 5
    • 33644875265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous viral clearance following acute hepatitis C infection: A systematic review of longitudinal studies
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00651.x. PubMed: 16364080
    • Micallef JM, Kaldor JM, Dore GJ (2006) Spontaneous viral clearance following acute hepatitis C infection: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. J Viral Hepat 13: 34-41. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00651.x. PubMed: 16364080.
    • (2006) J Viral Hepat , vol.13 , pp. 34-41
    • Micallef, J.M.1    Kaldor, J.M.2    Dore, G.J.3
  • 6
    • 79956138217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines for hepatitis C virus
    • doi:10.1002/hep.24536. PubMed: 21236312
    • Torresi J, Johnson D, Wedemeyer H (2011) Progress in the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines for hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 54: 1273-1285. doi:10.1002/hep.24536. PubMed: 21236312.
    • (2011) J Hepatol , vol.54 , pp. 1273-1285
    • Torresi, J.1    Johnson, D.2    Wedemeyer, H.3
  • 7
    • 79953049415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Hepatitis C virus re-infection following spontaneous viral clearance in injecting drug users: A systematic review
    • PubMed: 21112759
    • Corson S, Greenhalgh D, Palmateer N, Weir A, Hutchinson S (2010) Risk of Hepatitis C virus re-infection following spontaneous viral clearance in injecting drug users: A systematic review. Int J Drug Policy 22: 102-108. PubMed: 21112759.
    • (2010) Int J Drug Policy , vol.22 , pp. 102-108
    • Corson, S.1    Greenhalgh, D.2    Palmateer, N.3    Weir, A.4    Hutchinson, S.5
  • 8
    • 84860297348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a hepatitis C virus vaccine: Insights from studies of hepatitis C virus reinfection in injection drug users
    • doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70010-5. PubMed: 22541630
    • Grebely J, Prins M, Hellard M, Cox AL, Osburn WO et al. (2012) Towards a hepatitis C virus vaccine: insights from studies of hepatitis C virus reinfection in injection drug users. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 408-414. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70010-5. PubMed: 22541630.
    • (2012) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 408-414
    • Grebely, J.1    Prins, M.2    Hellard, M.3    Cox, A.L.4    Osburn, W.O.5
  • 9
    • 58149380832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users
    • doi:10.1002/hep.22534. PubMed: 18844233
    • Aitken CK, Lewis J, Tracy SL, Spelman T, Bowden DS et al. (2008) High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users. Hepatology 48: 1746-1752. doi:10.1002/hep.22534. PubMed: 18844233.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , pp. 1746-1752
    • Aitken, C.K.1    Lewis, J.2    Tracy, S.L.3    Spelman, T.4    Bowden, D.S.5
  • 10
    • 34248341712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection within a cohort of injecting drug users
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00812.x. PubMed: 17501762
    • Micallef JM, Macdonald V, Jauncey M, Amin J, Rawlinson W et al. (2007) High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection within a cohort of injecting drug users. J Viral Hepat 14: 413-418. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00812.x. PubMed: 17501762.
    • (2007) J Viral Hepat , vol.14 , pp. 413-418
    • Micallef, J.M.1    Macdonald, V.2    Jauncey, M.3    Amin, J.4    Rawlinson, W.5
  • 11
    • 69949126882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent HCV reinfection and superinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users in Amsterdam
    • see comment
    • van de Laar TJW, Molenkamp R, van den Berg C, Schinkel J, Beld MGHM et al. (2009) Frequent HCV reinfection and superinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users in Amsterdam.[see comment]. J Hepatol 51: 667-674
    • (2009) J Hepatol , vol.51 , pp. 667-674
    • Van De Laar, T.J.W.1    Molenkamp, R.2    Van Den Berg, C.3    Schinkel, J.4    Beld, M.G.H.M.5
  • 12
    • 72249087933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous control of primary hepatitis C virus infection and immunity against persistent reinfection
    • doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.017. PubMed: 19782080
    • Osburn WO, Fisher BE, Dowd KA, Urban G, Liu L et al. (2010) Spontaneous control of primary hepatitis C virus infection and immunity against persistent reinfection. Gastroenterology 138: 315-324. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.017. PubMed: 19782080.
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.138 , pp. 315-324
    • Osburn, W.O.1    Fisher, B.E.2    Dowd, K.A.3    Urban, G.4    Liu, L.5
  • 13
    • 70349410396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hepatitis C virus infection in young adult injection drug users: A prospective study of incident infection, resolution, and reinfection
    • doi:10.1086/605947. PubMed: 19764883
    • Page K, Hahn JA, Evans J, Shiboski S, Lum P et al. (2009) Acute hepatitis C virus infection in young adult injection drug users: a prospective study of incident infection, resolution, and reinfection. J Infect Dis 200: 1216-1226. doi:10.1086/605947. PubMed: 19764883.
    • (2009) J Infect Dis , vol.200 , pp. 1216-1226
    • Page, K.1    Hahn, J.A.2    Evans, J.3    Shiboski, S.4    Lum, P.5
  • 14
    • 78049496042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent multiple hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users in a prison setting
    • doi:10.1002/hep.23885. PubMed: 21038409
    • Pham ST, Bull RA, Bennett JM, Rawlinson WD, Dore GJ et al. (2010) Frequent multiple hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users in a prison setting. Hepatology 52: 1564-1572. doi:10.1002/hep.23885. PubMed: 21038409.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , pp. 1564-1572
    • Pham, S.T.1    Bull, R.A.2    Bennett, J.M.3    Rawlinson, W.D.4    Dore, G.J.5
  • 15
    • 33751004425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus reinfection in injection drug users
    • see comment
    • Grebely J, Conway B, Raffa JD, Lai C, Krajden M et al. (2006) Hepatitis C virus reinfection in injection drug users.[see comment]. Hepatology 44: 1139-1145
    • (2006) Hepatology , vol.44 , pp. 1139-1145
    • Grebely, J.1    Conway, B.2    Raffa, J.D.3    Lai, C.4    Krajden, M.5
  • 16
    • 36849005374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study to examine persistent HCV reinfection in injection drug users who have previously cleared the virus
    • Erratum appears in Drug Alcohol Depend (2008 Jul);96(1-2): 192
    • Currie SL, Ryan JC, Tracy D, Wright TL, George S et al. (2008) A prospective study to examine persistent HCV reinfection in injection drug users who have previously cleared the virus. [Erratum appears in Drug Alcohol Depend (2008 Jul);96(1-2): 192]. Drug Alcohol Depend 93: 148-154.
    • (2008) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.93 , pp. 148-154
    • Currie, S.L.1    Ryan, J.C.2    Tracy, D.3    Wright, T.L.4    George, S.5
  • 17
    • 84866175363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the risk of reinfection with hepatitis C among injecting drug users who have been tested in Glasgow
    • doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.02.003. PubMed: 22421553
    • McDonald SA, Hutchinson SJ, Cameron SO, Innes HA, McLeod A et al. (2012) Examination of the risk of reinfection with hepatitis C among injecting drug users who have been tested in Glasgow. Int J Drug Policy 23: 353-357. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.02.003. PubMed: 22421553.
    • (2012) Int J Drug Policy , vol.23 , pp. 353-357
    • McDonald, S.A.1    Hutchinson, S.J.2    Cameron, S.O.3    Innes, H.A.4    McLeod, A.5
  • 18
    • 0037181727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against persistence of hepatitis C
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08435-0. PubMed: 11988247
    • Mehta SH, Cox A, Hoover DR, Wang XH, Mao Q et al. (2002) Protection against persistence of hepatitis C. Lancet 359: 1478-1483. doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(02)08435-0. PubMed: 11988247.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1478-1483
    • Mehta, S.H.1    Cox, A.2    Hoover, D.R.3    Wang, X.H.4    Mao, Q.5
  • 19
    • 84860302431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The more you look the more you find - Effects of hepatitis C virus testing interval on re-infection incidence and clearance: Implications for future vaccine study design
    • doi:10.1093/infdis/jis213. PubMed: 22457292
    • Vickerman P, Grebely J, Dore GJ, Sacks-davis R, Page K et al. (2012) The more you look the more you find - Effects of hepatitis C virus testing interval on re-infection incidence and clearance: Implications for future vaccine study design. J Infect Dis 205: 1342-1350. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis213. PubMed: 22457292.
    • (2012) J Infect Dis , vol.205 , pp. 1342-1350
    • Vickerman, P.1    Grebely, J.2    Dore, G.J.3    Sacks-davis, R.4    Page, K.5
  • 20
    • 84872309891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent Longitudinal Sampling of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Injection Drug Users Reveals Intermittently Detectable Viremia and Reinfection
    • doi:10.1093/cid/cis921. PubMed: 23090930
    • Page K, Osburn W, Evans J, Hahn JA, Lum P et al. (2013) Frequent Longitudinal Sampling of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Injection Drug Users Reveals Intermittently Detectable Viremia and Reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 56: 405-413. doi:10.1093/cid/cis921. PubMed: 23090930.
    • (2013) Clin Infect Dis , vol.56 , pp. 405-413
    • Page, K.1    Osburn, W.2    Evans, J.3    Hahn, J.A.4    Lum, P.5
  • 21
    • 0031225710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Australia
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2893.1997.00060.x. PubMed: 9310934
    • McCaw R, Moaven L, Locarnini SA, Bowden DS (1997) Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Australia. J Viral Hepat 4: 351-357. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2893.1997. 00060.x. PubMed: 9310934.
    • (1997) J Viral Hepat , vol.4 , pp. 351-357
    • McCaw, R.1    Moaven, L.2    Locarnini, S.A.3    Bowden, D.S.4
  • 22
    • 0036829499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southeast Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C: The impact of novel genotypes and race on treatment outcome
    • doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.36781. PubMed: 12395338
    • Dev AT, McCaw R, Sundararajan V, Bowden S, Sievert W (2002) Southeast Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C: the impact of novel genotypes and race on treatment outcome. Hepatology 36: 1259-1265. doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.36781. PubMed: 12395338.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 1259-1265
    • Dev, A.T.1    McCaw, R.2    Sundararajan, V.3    Bowden, S.4    Sievert, W.5
  • 23
    • 67349277719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers and risk factors for HCV, HBV and HIV in a network of injecting drug users in Melbourne, Australia
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.02.014. PubMed: 19328555
    • Miller ER, Hellard ME, Bowden S, Bharadwaj M, Aitken CK (2009) Markers and risk factors for HCV, HBV and HIV in a network of injecting drug users in Melbourne, Australia. J Infect 58: 375-382. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.02.014. PubMed: 19328555.
    • (2009) J Infect , vol.58 , pp. 375-382
    • Miller, E.R.1    Hellard, M.E.2    Bowden, S.3    Bharadwaj, M.4    Aitken, C.K.5
  • 24
    • 20144368978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection
    • doi: 10.1086/428578. PubMed: 15824985
    • Cox AL, Netski DM, Mosbruger T, Sherman SG, Strathdee S et al. (2005) Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 40: 951-958. doi: 10.1086/428578. PubMed: 15824985.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 951-958
    • Cox, A.L.1    Netski, D.M.2    Mosbruger, T.3    Sherman, S.G.4    Strathdee, S.5
  • 25
    • 0034912123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into the epidemiology, natural history and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection from studies of infected donors and blood product recipients
    • doi: 10.1016/S1246-7820(01)00125-2. PubMed: 11499958
    • Busch MP (2001) Insights into the epidemiology, natural history and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection from studies of infected donors and blood product recipients. Transfus Clin Biol 8: 200-206. doi: 10.1016/S1246-7820(01)00125-2. PubMed: 11499958.
    • (2001) Transfus Clin Biol , vol.8 , pp. 200-206
    • Busch, M.P.1
  • 26
    • 38949120134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing strategy to identify cases of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to project HCV incidence rates
    • doi:10.1128/JCM.01229-07. PubMed: 18032621
    • Page-Shafer K, Pappalardo BL, Tobler LH, Phelps BH, Edlin BR et al. (2008) Testing strategy to identify cases of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to project HCV incidence rates. J Clin Microbiol 46: 499-506. doi:10.1128/JCM.01229-07. PubMed: 18032621.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 499-506
    • Page-Shafer, K.1    Pappalardo, B.L.2    Tobler, L.H.3    Phelps, B.H.4    Edlin, B.R.5
  • 27
    • 0034650320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival analysis for recurrent event data: An application to childhood infectious diseases
    • doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000115)19:1. PubMed: 10623910
    • Kelly PJ, Lim LL-Y (2000) Survival analysis for recurrent event data: an application to childhood infectious diseases. Stat Med 19: 13-33. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000115)19:1. PubMed: 10623910.
    • (2000) Stat Med , vol.19 , pp. 13-33
    • Kelly, P.J.1    Lim, L.L.-Y.2
  • 28
    • 0034955890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection and needle exchange use among young injection drug users in San Francisco
    • doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)80660-7. PubMed: 11431749
    • Hahn JA, Page-Shafer K, Lum PJ, Ochoa K, Moss AR (2001) Hepatitis C virus infection and needle exchange use among young injection drug users in San Francisco. Hepatology 34: 180-187. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)80660-7. PubMed: 11431749.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 180-187
    • Hahn, J.A.1    Page-Shafer, K.2    Lum, P.J.3    Ochoa, K.4    Moss, A.R.5
  • 29
    • 27444433362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of, and risk factors for, hepatitis C virus infection among recent initiates to injecting in London and Glasgow: Cross sectional analysis
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00643.x. PubMed: 16255768
    • Judd A, Hutchinson S, Wadd S, Hickman M, Taylor A et al. (2005) Prevalence of, and risk factors for, hepatitis C virus infection among recent initiates to injecting in London and Glasgow: cross sectional analysis. J Viral Hepat 12: 655-662. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00643.x. PubMed: 16255768.
    • (2005) J Viral Hepat , vol.12 , pp. 655-662
    • Judd, A.1    Hutchinson, S.2    Wadd, S.3    Hickman, M.4    Taylor, A.5
  • 30
    • 84860598975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of hepatitis C seroconversion in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment
    • doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03765.x. PubMed: 22168373
    • Pouget ER, Hagan H, Des Jarlais DC (2012) Meta-analysis of hepatitis C seroconversion in relation to shared syringes and drug preparation equipment. Addiction 107: 1057-1065. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03765.x. PubMed: 22168373.
    • (2012) Addiction , vol.107 , pp. 1057-1065
    • Pouget, E.R.1    Hagan, H.2    Des Jarlais, D.C.3
  • 31
    • 0036890620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus seroconversion among young injection drug users: Relationships and risks
    • doi: 10.1086/345554. PubMed: 12447730
    • Hahn JA, Page-Shafer K, Lum PJ, Bourgois P, Stein E et al. (2002) Hepatitis C virus seroconversion among young injection drug users: relationships and risks. J Infect Dis 186: 1558-1564. doi: 10.1086/345554. PubMed: 12447730.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 1558-1564
    • Hahn, J.A.1    Page-Shafer, K.2    Lum, P.J.3    Bourgois, P.4    Stein, E.5
  • 32
    • 79957622306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: Closing in on an evasive target
    • doi:10.1586/erv.11.55. PubMed: 21604986
    • Halliday J, Klenerman P, Barnes E (2011) Vaccination for hepatitis C virus: closing in on an evasive target. Expert Rev Vaccines 10: 659-672. doi:10.1586/erv.11.55. PubMed: 21604986.
    • (2011) Expert Rev Vaccines , vol.10 , pp. 659-672
    • Halliday, J.1    Klenerman, P.2    Barnes, E.3
  • 33
    • 8744270425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrequent reinfection after successful treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users
    • doi:10.1086/425361. PubMed: 15546094
    • Backmund M, Meyer K, Edlin BR (2004) Infrequent reinfection after successful treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1540-1543. doi:10.1086/425361. PubMed: 15546094.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.39 , pp. 1540-1543
    • Backmund, M.1    Meyer, K.2    Edlin, B.R.3
  • 34
    • 18444397492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in injecting drug users: 5 years' follow-up
    • doi:10.1159/000049487. PubMed: 11818693
    • Dalgard O, Bjøro K, Hellum K, Myrvang B, Skaug K et al. (2002) Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in injecting drug users: 5 years' follow-up. Eur Addict Res 8: 45-49. doi:10.1159/000049487. PubMed: 11818693.
    • (2002) Eur Addict Res , vol.8 , pp. 45-49
    • Dalgard, O.1    Bjøro, K.2    Hellum, K.3    Myrvang, B.4    Skaug, K.5
  • 35
    • 84859164566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus reinfection and superinfection among treated and untreated participants with recent infection
    • doi:10.1002/hep.24754. PubMed: 22031335
    • Grebely J, Pham ST, Matthews GV, Petoumenos K, Bull RA et al. (2012) Hepatitis C virus reinfection and superinfection among treated and untreated participants with recent infection. Hepatology 55: 1058-1069. doi:10.1002/hep.24754. PubMed: 22031335.
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.55 , pp. 1058-1069
    • Grebely, J.1    Pham, S.T.2    Matthews, G.V.3    Petoumenos, K.4    Bull, R.A.5
  • 36
    • 84867333329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of reinfection with the hepatitis C virus following treatment in active drug users in Amsterdam
    • PubMed: 22825643
    • Grady BPX, Vanhommerig JW, Schinkel J, Weegink CJ, Bruisten SM et al. (2012) Low incidence of reinfection with the hepatitis C virus following treatment in active drug users in Amsterdam. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24: 1302-1307. PubMed: 22825643.
    • (2012) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.24 , pp. 1302-1307
    • Grady, B.P.X.1    Vanhommerig, J.W.2    Schinkel, J.3    Weegink, C.J.4    Bruisten, S.M.5
  • 37
    • 77953981210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users
    • doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06238.x. PubMed: 20594256
    • Grebely J, Knight E, Ngai T, Genoway KA, Raffa JD et al. (2010) Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25: 1281-1284. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06238.x. PubMed: 20594256.
    • (2010) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 1281-1284
    • Grebely, J.1    Knight, E.2    Ngai, T.3    Genoway, K.A.4    Raffa, J.D.5
  • 38
    • 84879131244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus reinfection among prisoners with sustained virological response after treatment for chronic hepatitis C
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.008. PubMed: 23523577
    • Marco A, Esteban JI, Solé C, da Silva A, Ortiz J et al. (2013) Hepatitis C virus reinfection among prisoners with sustained virological response after treatment for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 59: 45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.008. PubMed: 23523577.
    • (2013) J Hepatol , vol.59 , pp. 45-51
    • Marco, A.1    Esteban, J.I.2    Solé, C.3    Da Silva, A.4    Ortiz, J.5
  • 39
    • 84875077230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and emerging antiviral treatments for hepatitis C infection
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04419.x.PubMed: 22882367
    • Doyle JS, Aspinall E, Liew D, Thompson AJ, Hellard ME (2013) Current and emerging antiviral treatments for hepatitis C infection. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75: 931-943. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04419.x.PubMed: 22882367.
    • (2013) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 931-943
    • Doyle, J.S.1    Aspinall, E.2    Liew, D.3    Thompson, A.J.4    Hellard, M.E.5
  • 40
    • 77649258760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injecting Equipment Sharing in Russian Drug Injecting Dyads
    • doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9518-6. PubMed: 19214731
    • Gyarmathy VA, Li N, Tobin KE, Hoffman IF, Sokolov N et al. (2010) Injecting Equipment Sharing in Russian Drug Injecting Dyads. AIDS Behav 14: 141-151. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9518-6. PubMed: 19214731.
    • (2010) AIDS Behav , vol.14 , pp. 141-151
    • Gyarmathy, V.A.1    Li, N.2    Tobin, K.E.3    Hoffman, I.F.4    Sokolov, N.5
  • 41
    • 69949160228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of hepatitis C in drug injectors: The role of homelessness, opiate substitution treatment, equipment sharing, and community size
    • doi:10.1017/S095026880900212X.PubMed: 19224654
    • Craine N, Hickman M, Parry JV, Smith J, Walker AM et al. (2009) Incidence of hepatitis C in drug injectors: the role of homelessness, opiate substitution treatment, equipment sharing, and community size. Epidemiol Infect 137: 1255-1265. doi:10.1017/S095026880900212X.PubMed: 19224654.
    • (2009) Epidemiol Infect , vol.137 , pp. 1255-1265
    • Craine, N.1    Hickman, M.2    Parry, J.V.3    Smith, J.4    Walker, A.M.5
  • 42
    • 84866515637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in hepatitis C seroprevalence and suboptimal vaccination and hepatology services uptake amongst substance misusers
    • doi:10.1002/jmv.23389. PubMed: 22997076
    • Marufu M, Williams H, Hill SL, Tibble J, Verma S (2012) Gender differences in hepatitis C seroprevalence and suboptimal vaccination and hepatology services uptake amongst substance misusers. J Med Virol 84: 1737-1743. doi:10.1002/jmv.23389. PubMed: 22997076.
    • (2012) J Med Virol , vol.84 , pp. 1737-1743
    • Marufu, M.1    Williams, H.2    Hill, S.L.3    Tibble, J.4    Verma, S.5
  • 43
    • 10644220356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of injecting drug use status on hepatitis C-related referral and treatment
    • doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.002. PubMed: 15607844
    • Stoové MA, Gifford SM, Dore GJ (2005) The impact of injecting drug use status on hepatitis C-related referral and treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 77: 81-86. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.002. PubMed: 15607844.
    • (2005) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.77 , pp. 81-86
    • Stoové, M.A.1    Gifford, S.M.2    Dore, G.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.