Immigration policy and the labor market: The German experience and lessons for Europe

Immigration Policy and the Labor Market: The German Experience and Lessons for Europe

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-209

  Zimmermann, Klaus F ^a   Bonin, Holger ^a   Hinte, Holger ^a   Fahr, René ^b  

^a IZA   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892061899     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68382-7     Document Type: Book

References (170)

1. Abraham, K. (1983): Structural/Frictional vs. Deficient Demand Unemployment: Some New Evidence, American Economic Review, 73, 708-724
2. Akerlof, G. A. / J. L. Yellen (1986): Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market. Cambridge
3. Akerlof, G. A. / J. L. Yellen (1990): The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105, 255-283
4. Altonji, J. / R. Shakotko (1987): Do Wages Rise with Seniority?, Review of EconomicStudies, 54, 437-459
5. Altonji, J. G. / D. Card (1991): The Effects of Immigration on the Labor Market Outcomes of Less-Skilled Natives, in: Abowd, J. M. / R. B. Freeman (Eds.), Immigration, Trade and Labor. Chicago, 201-259
6. Antecol, H. / D. A. Cobb-Clark / S. J. Trejo (2000): Immigration Policy and the Skills of Immigrants to Australia, Canada, and the United States, mimeo. Canberra
7. Arrow, K. J. / W. M. Capron (1959): Dynamic Shortages and Price Rises: the Engineer- Scientist Case, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 73(2), 292-308
8. Auerbach, A. J. / J. Gokhale / L. Kotlikoff (1991): Generational Accounting: A Meaningful Alternative to Deficit Accounting, Tax Policy and the Economy, Vol. 5, 55-110
9. Auerbach, A. J. / J. Gokhale / L. Kotlikoff (1994): Generational Accounting: A Meaningful Way to Evaluate Fiscal Policy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(4), 73-94
10. Auerbach, A. J. / P. Oreopoulos (1999): Analyzing the Fiscal Impact of US Immigration, American Economic Review, 89(2), 176-180
11. Baker, M./D. Benjamin (1994): The Performance of Immigrants in the Canadian Labor Market, Journal of Labor Economics, 12(3), 369-405
12. Barrett, A. (1996): The Effect of Immigrant Admission Criteria on Immigrant Labour Market Characteristics, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 1491. London
13. Bartlett, M. S. (1938): Methods of Estimating Mental Factors, Nature, 141, 609-610
14. Bauer, T. / K. F. Zimmermann (1996): Gastarbeiter und Wirtschaftsentwicklung im Nachkriegsdeutschland, Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 2, 73-108
15. Bauer, T. (1997): Lohneffekte der Zuwanderung: Eine empirische Untersuchung für Deutschland, Mitteilungen zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 3, 652-656
16. Bauer, T. / K. F. Zimmermann (1997): Integrating the East: The Labor Market Effects of Immigration, in: Black, S. W. (Ed.): Europe's Economy Looks East - Implications for Germany and the European Union. Cambridge, 269-306
17. Bauer, T. (1998): Arbeitsmarkteffekte der Migration und Einwanderungspolitik: Eine Analyse für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Heidelberg
18. Bauer, T. / K. F. Zimmermann (1998): Causes of International Migration: A Survey, in: Gorter, C. / P. Nijkamp / J. Poot (Eds.): Crossing Borders. Regional and urban perspectives on international migration. Aldershot, 95-127
19. Bauer, T. / K. F. Zimmermann (1999): Assessment of Possible Migration Pressure and its Labour Market Impact Following EU Enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe, IZA Research Report No. 3. Bonn
20. Bauer, T. / M. Lofstrom / K. F. Zimmermann (2000): Immigration Policy, Assimilation of Immigrants and Nativess Sentiments towards Immigrants: Evidence from 12 OECD-Countries, Swedish Economic Policy Review, 7, 11-53
21. Bauer, T. / K. F. Zimmermann (2002) (Eds.): The Economics of Migration. Cheltenham
22. Bauer, T. / B. Dietz / K. F. Zimmermann / E. Zwintz (2005): German Migration: Development, Assimilation, and Labour Market Effects, in: Zimmermann, K. F. (Ed.), European Migration: What Do We Know?. Oxford, New York, 197-261
23. Becker, G. (1981): A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge
24. Bender, S. / J. Hilzendegen / G. Rohwer / H. Rudolph (1996): Die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975-1990, Beiträge zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 197. Nuremberg
25. Bender, S. / A. Haas / C. Klose (2000): IAB Employment Subsample 1975-1995: Opportunities for Analysis Provided by the Anonymised Subsample, IZA DiscussionPaper No. 117. Bonn
26. Berger, M. C. (1985): The Effect of Cohort Size on Earnings: A Re-Examination of the Evidence, Journal of Political Economy, 93, 561-573
27. Birg, H. (1998): Simulationsrechnungen zur Bevölkerungsentwicklung in den alten und neuen Bundesländern im 21. Jahrhundert, IBS-Materialien, 45. Bielefeld
28. Bloom, D. E. / M. Gunderson (1992): An Analysis of the Earnings of Canadian Immigrants, in: Borjas, G. J. / R. B. Freeman (Eds.): Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas. Chicago, 321-342
29. Bloom, D. E. / G. Grenier / M. Gunderson (1995): The Changing Labour Market Position of Canadian Immigrants, Canadian Journal of Economics, 987-1005
30. Boeri, T. / G. Hanson / B. McCormick (2002): Immigration Policy and the Welfare System. Oxford
31. Bonin, H. (2001): Generational Accounting: Theory and Application. Berlin
32. Bonin, H. / B. Raffelhüschen / J. Walliser (2000): Can Immigration Alleviate the Demographic Burden?, Finanzarchiv, 57, 1-21
33. Bonin, H. / R. Euwals (2005): Why Are Labor Force Participation Rates of East German Women so High? Applied Economics Quarterly, 51(4), 359-386
34. Borjas, G. J. (1987): Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants, American Economic Review, 77, 531-553
35. Borjas, G. J. (1991): Immigration and Self-Selection, in: Abowd, J. M. / R. B. Freeman (Eds.): Immigration, Trade, and the Labor Market. Chicago, 29-76
36. Borjas, G. J. (1992): National Origin and the Skills of Immigrants in the Postwar Period, in: Borjas, G. J. / R. B. Freeman (Eds.): Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas. Chicago, 17-47
37. Borjas, G. J. (1993): Immigration Policy, National Origin, and Immigrant Skills: A Comparison of Canada and the United States, in: Card, D. / R. B. Freeman (Eds.): Small Differences that Matter. Chicago, 21-43
38. Borjas, G. J. (1994): The Economics of Immigration, Journal of Economic literature, 32, 1667-1717
39. Borjas, G. J. (1999): Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy. Princeton
40. Börsch-Supan, A. H. (1991): Panel Data Analysis of the Beveridge Curve: Is there a Macroeconomic Relation between the Rate of Unemployment and the Vacancy Rate?, Economica, 58, 279-297
41. Bretz, M. (1986): Bevölkerungsvorausberechnungen: Statistische Grundlagen und Probleme, Wirtschaft und Statistik, 233-261
42. Burda, M. C. (1994): Modelling Exits from Unemployment in Eastern Germany: A Matching Function Approach, in: König, H. / V. Steiner (Eds.): Arbeitsmarktdynamik und Unternehmensentwicklung in Ostdeutschland. Baden-Baden, 97-128
43. Canoy, M. / R. Beutin / A. Horvath / A. Hubert / F. Lerais / P. Smith / M. Sochacki (2006): Migration and Public Perception (Bureau of European Policy Advisers - BEPA). Brussels
44. Card, D. (1990): The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43, 245-257
45. Card, D. / J. diNardo (2000): Do Immigrant Inflows Lead to Native Outflows?, American Economic Review, 90(2), 360-367
46. Card, D. (2001): Immigrant Inflows, Native Outflows, and the Local Labor Market Impacts of Higher Immigration, Journal of Labor Economics, 19, 22-64
47. Card, D. / E. Lewis (2005): The Diffusion of Mexican Immigrants During the 1990s: Explanations and Impacts, mimeo. Berkely, NBER Working Paper No. 11552
48. Chiswick, B. R. (1978): The Effect of Americanization on the Earnings of Foreign- Born Men, Journal of Political Economy, 86, 897-921
49. Citizenship and Immigration Canada (1998): Building on a Strong Foundation for the 21st Century: New Directions for Immigration and Refugee Policy and Legislation. Ottawa: Public Works and Government Services Canada
50. Cohen, M. S. (1995): Labor Shortages as America Approaches the Twenty-first Century. Michigan
51. Collado, M. D. / I. Iturbe-Ormaetxe / G. Valera (2004): Quantifying the Impact of Immigration on the Spanish Welfare State, International Tax and Public Finance, 11(3), 335-353
52. Commission of the European Communities (2005): Green Paper on an EU Approach to Managing Economic Migration, COM(2004) 811. Brussels
53. Commission of the European Communities (2005): Communication from the Commission, Policy Plan on Legal Migration, COM(2005) 669. Brussels
54. Connelly, R. (1986): A Framework for Analyzing the Impact of Cohort Size on Education and Labor Earnings, Journal of Human Resources, 21, 543-562
55. Constant, A. / M. L. Schultz-Nielsen (2004): Labor Force Participation and Unemployment: Incentives and Preferences, in: Tranaes, T. / K. F. Zimmermann (Eds.): Migrants, Work, and the Welfare State. Odense, 147-186
56. Constant, A. / K. F. Zimmermann (2005): Immigrant Performance and Selective Immigration Policy: A European Perspective, National Institute Economic Review, 194 (2005), 94-105
57. Constant, A. / K. F. Zimmermann (2006): The Making of Entrepreneurs in Germany: Are Native Men and Immigrants Alike?, Small Business Economics 26, 281-302
58. DeNew, J. P. / C. M. Schmidt (1994): The Industrial Structure of German Earnings 1980-1990, Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv, 78, 141-159
59. DeNew, J. P. / K. F. Zimmermann (1994): Native Wage Impacts of Foreign Labor: A Random Effects Panel Analysis, Journal of Population Economics, 7, 177-192
60. Denton, F. T. / B. G. Spencer (1978): On the Prospect of a Labor Shortage, Canadian Public Policy, 4(1), 101-118
61. DeVoretz, D. J. / S. A. Larya (2002): Canadian Immigration Experience: Any Lessons for Europe?, in: Zimmermann, K. F. (Ed.): European Migration: What Do We Know?. Oxford
62. Diamond, P. A (1965): National Debt in a Neo-Classical Growth Model, American Economic Review, 55, 1126-1150
63. Disney, R. (1998): Can We Afford to Grow Older?. Cambridge
64. Dostal, W. / K. Parmentier / H.-J. Schade (1999): Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der quantitativen Berufsforschung im IAB - Eine Bestandsaufnahme, Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 1/99, 41-60
65. Duleep, H. O. / M. C. Regets (1992): Country of Origin and Immigrant Quality, Urban Institute Working Paper No. PRIP-UI-28. Washington DC
66. Duleep, H. O. / M. C. Regets (1996): Admission Criteria and Immigrant Earnings Profiles, International Migration Review, 30(2), 571-590
67. Dustmann, C. (1993): Earnings Adjustments of Temporary Migrants, Journal of Population Economics, 6, 153-168
68. Dustmann, C. (1996): The Social Assimilation of Immigrants, Journal of Population Economics, 9, 79-103
69. Dustmann, C. (1996): Return Migration: The European Experience, Economic Policy, 22, 215-249
70. Dustmann, C. / F. Fabbri / I. Preston (2005): The Impact of Immigration on the British Labour Market, Economic Journal, 115, 507, 324-341
71. Entorf, H. (1995): Mismatch-Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland: Eine Kritik bestehender Meßkonzepte und neue Evidenz, in: Steiner, V. / L. Bellmann (Eds.): Mikroökonomik des Arbeitsmarktes, Beiträge zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 192. Nuremberg, 31-49
72. Entorf, H. (1996): Strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland: Mismatch, Mobilität und technologischer Wandel, in: Gahlen, B. / H. Hesse / H. J. Ramser (Eds.): Arbeitslosigkeit und Möglichkeiten ihrer Überwindung. Tübingen, 139-170
73. Entorf, H. (1998): Mismatch Explanations of European Unemployment. A Critical Evaluation. Berlin
74. Ermisch, J. (1988): Fortunes of Birth: The Impact of Population Size on the Relative Earnings of Young Men, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 35, 266-282
75. Fargues, Ph. (2005) (Ed.): Mediterranean Migration - 2005 Report, Cooperation project on the social integration of immigrants, migration, and the movement of persons, financed by the EC MEDA Programme. Florence
76. Federal Commissioner for Migration, Refugees and Integration(2003) (Ed.), Migrationsbericht der Integrationsbeauftragten im Auftrag der Bundesregierung. Berlin
77. Federal Commissioner for Migration, Refugees and Integration (2005): Bericht der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration über die Lage der Ausländerinnen und Ausländer in Deutschland. Berlin
78. Federal Labor Agency (1992): Schlüsselsystem für die computergestütze Arbeitsvermittlung in Arbeitsämtern. Nuremberg
79. Federal Ministry of the Interior (2006): Bericht zur Evaluierung des Gesetzes zur Steuerung und Begrenzung der Zuwanderung und der Regelung des Aufenthalts und der Integration von Unionsbürgern und Ausländern (Zuwanderungsgesetz). Berlin
80. Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (2005): Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge im Auftrag der Bundesregierung (Migrationsbericht 2005). Berlin
81. Fertig, M. / C. M. Schmidt (2001): First- and Second-Generation Immigrants: What Do we Know and What Do People Think?, in Rotte, R. (Ed.): Migration Policy and the Economy, International Experiences. Neuried, 179-218
82. Fertig, M. (2004): The Societal Integration of Immigrants in Germany, IZA Discussion Paper No. 1213. Bonn
83. Franz, W. (1987): Strukturelle und friktionelle Arbeitslosigkeit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Eine theoretische und empirische Analyse der Beveridge- Kurve, in: Bombach, G. / H. Gahlen / A. E. Ott (Eds.): Arbeitsmärkte und Beschäftigung - Fakten, Analysen, Perspektiven. Tübingen, 301-323
84. Franz, W. (1991): Structural Unemployment. Heidelberg
85. Franz, W. (2006): Arbeitsmarktökonomik, 6th ed. Berlin
86. Franz, W. / W. Smolny (1994): The Measurement and Interpretation of Vacancy Data and the Dynamics of the Beveridge Curve: The German Case, in: Muysken, J. (Ed.): Measurement and Analysis of Job Vacancies. Aldershot, 203-237
87. Freeman, R. (1979): The Effect of Demographic Factors on Age-Earnings Profiles, Journal of Human Resources, 14, 289-318
88. Frey, W. H. (1995): Immigration and Internal Migration Flight - A California Case Study, Population and Environment, 16(4), 353-375
89. Frey, W. H. (1996): Immigration, Domestic Migration and Demographic Balkanization in America: New Evidence for the 1990s, Population and Development Review, 22(4), 741-763
90. Friedberg, R. M. / J. Hunt (1995): The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(2), 23-44
91. Fuchs, J. (1997): Die Alterung des Arbeitskräfteangebots in Deutschland, in: Klose, H. (Ed.): Perspektiven der alternden Arbeitsgesellschaft. Bonn
92. Gang, I. N. / F. L. Rivera-Batiz (1994): Labor Market Effects of Immigration in the United States and Europe: Substitution vs. Complementarity, Journal of Population Economics, 7, 157-175
93. Glover, S. / C. Gott / A. Loizillon / J. Portes / R. Price / S. Spencer / V. Srinivasan / C. Willis (2001): Migration: An Economic and Social Analysis, RDS Occasional Paper, No 67. London
94. Greenwood, M. J. (1985): Human Migration: Theory, Models, and Empirical Studies, Journal of Regional Science, 25(4), 521-544
95. Greenwood, M. J. / J. M. McDowell (1986): The Factor Market Consequences of U.S. Immigration, Journal of Economic Literature, 24, 1738-1772
96. Haisken-DeNew, J. P. / K. F. Zimmermann (1999): Wage and Mobility Effects of Trade and Migration, in: Dewatripont, M. / A. Sapir / K. Sekkat (Eds.): Trade and Jobs in Europe: Much Ado about Nothing?. New York
97. Haisken-DeNew, J. P. / C. M. Schmidt (1998): Industry Wage Differentials Revisited: A Longitudinal Comparison of Germany and USA (1984-1996), DIW Discussion Paper No. 178. Berlin
98. Hamermesh, D. S. (1993): Labor Demand. Princeton
99. Hansen, B. (1970): Excess Demand, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Wages, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84, 1-23
100. Heitmueller, A. (2005): Unemployment Benefits, Risk Aversion, and Migration Incentives, Journal of Population Economics, 18, 93-112
101. Hotelling, H. (1933): Analysis of a Complex of Statistical Variables into Principal Components, Journal of Educational Psychology, 24, 417-441, 498-520
102. Hunt, J. (1992): The Impact of the 1962 Repatriates from Algeria on the French Labor Market, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45(3), 556-572
103. Independent Commission 'Immigration' (2001): Zuwanderung gestalten - Integration fördern (Report of the Independent Government Commission 'Immigration'). Berlin
104. Jasso, G. / M. R. Rosenzweig (1995): Do Immigrants Screened for Skills Do Better than Family Reunification Immigrants?, International Migration Review, 29, 85-111
105. Jøreskog, K. G. (1984): Advances in Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Models. Lanham
106. Keyfitz, N. (1977): Applied Mathematical Demographics. New York
107. Klauder, W. (1988): Arbeitskräfte-Potentialrechnung, in: Mertens, D. (Ed.): Konzepte der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Eine Forschungsinventur des IAB. Nuremberg
108. Klemperer, P. (1999): Auction Theory: A Guide to the Literature, Journal of Economic Surveys, 13, 227-286
109. Köhler, D. / E. Kistler (1997): Subjektive Komponenten des Arbeitskräfteangebots, in: INIFES / ISF / SÖSTRA (Eds.): Arbeits- und Innovationspotentiale im Wandel, 45-63
110. Kogan, I. (2004): Last hired, first fired? the unemployment dynamics of male immigrants in Germany, European Sociological Review 20, 445-461
111. Lawley, D. N. / A. E. Maxwell (1963): Factor Analysis as a Statistical Method, 2nd ed. London
112. Layard, R. / S. Nickell / R. Jackman (1991): Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market. Oxford
113. Lazear, E. P. (1981): Ageing, Earnings Profiles, Productivity and Hours Restrictions, American Economic Review, 71, 606-620
114. Massey, D. S.J. Arango G. Hugo A. Kouaouci A. Pellegrino J. E. Taylor (1993): Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal, Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431-466
115. McAfee, R. P.J. McMillan (1987): Auctions and Bidding, Journal of Economic Literature, 25, 699-738
116. Menne, P. (1999): Über eine funktionale Klassifikation von Arbeit, Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 2/99, 219-239
117. Miller, P. W. (1999): Immigration Policy and Immigrant Quality: The Australian Points System, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 82(2), 192-197
118. Molho, I. (1986): Theories of Migration: A Review, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 33(4), 396-419
119. Möller, J.L. Bellmann (1996): Qualifikations- und industriespezifische Lohnunterschiede in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ifo-Studien, 42, 235-272
120. Mortensen, D. T.C. A. Pissarides (1999): New Developments in Models of Search in the Labor Market, in: Ashenfelter, O.D. Card (Eds.): Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 3B. Amsterdam, 2567-2627
121. Mueller, U. (2000): Dynamik einer Population, in: Mueller, U.B. Nauck A. Diekmann (Eds.): Handbuch der Demographie. Heidelberg, 92-134
122. Mühleisen, M.K. F. Zimmermann (1994): A Panel Analysis of Job Changes and Unemployment, European Economic Review, 38, 793-801
123. Myerson, R. B. (1981): Optimal Auction Design, Mathematical Operations Research, 6, 58-73
124. Nickell, S. (1995): Wages, Unemployment and Population Change, in: Christophides, L.E. Grant R. Swidinsky (Eds.): Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour. Toronto
125. OECD (1988): Ageing Populations: The Social Policy Implications. Paris
126. Pischke, J.-S.J. Velling (1997): Employment Effects of Immigration to Germany: An Analysis Based on Local Labor Markets, Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(4), 594-604
127. Pissarides, C. A. (2000): Equilibrium Unemployment Theorie, 2nd ed. Cambridge
128. Reyer, L.G. Spitznagel G. Kretschmer (1990): Das gesamtwirtschaftliche Stellenangebot: Umfang, Struktur und Besetzungsprobleme, Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 347-372
129. Riley, J. G.W. F. Samuelson (1981): Optimal Auctions, American Economic Review, 71, 381-392
130. Riphahn, R. T. (2003): Cohort Effects in the Educational Attainment of Second Generation Immigrants in Germany: An Analysis of Census Data, Journal of Population Economics, 16, 711-737
131. Robinson, C.N. Tomes (1982): Self-Selection and Interprovincial Migration in Canada, Canadian Journal of Economics, 15, 474-502
132. Roodenburg, H.R. Euwals H. ter Rele (2003): Immigration and the Dutch Economy. The Hague
133. Rössel, G.R. Schaefer J. Wahse (1999): Alterspyramide und Arbeitsmarkt: Zum Alterungsprozeß der Erwerbstätigen in Deutschland. Frankfurt
134. Ruddick, E. (1993): The Selection and Management of Immigration to Canada, mimeo. Madrid
135. Schmidt, C.M.Zimmermann, K. F. (1992): Migration Pressure in Germany: Past and Future, in: Zimmermann, K. F. (Ed.): Migration and Economic Development. Heidelberg, 201-230
136. Schmidt, C. M. (1994): Immigration Countries and Migration Research: The Case of Germany, in: Steinmann, G.R. E. Ulrich (Eds.): The Economic Consequences of Immigration to Germany. Heidelberg, 1-19
137. Schmidt, C. M. (1997): Immigrant Performance in Germany. Labor Earnings of Ethnic German Migrants and Foreign Guest-Workers. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 37, 379-397
138. Schneeweiß, H. (1974): Ökonometrie, 2nd ed. Würzburg
139. Schultz, P. T. (1998): Immigrant Quality and Assimilation: A Survey of the US Literature, Journal of Population Economics, 11(2), 239-252
140. Schultz-Nielsen, M. L.A. Constant (2004): Employment Trends for Immigrants and Natives, in: Tranaes, T.K. F. Zimmermann (Eds.): Migrants, Work, and the Welfare State. Odense, 119-146
141. Shields, G. M.M. P. Shields (1989): The Emergence of Migration Theory and a Suggested New Direction, Journal of Economic Surveys, 3(4), 277-304
142. Simon, J. L. (1989): The Economic Consequences of Immigration. Cambridge
143. Simon, J. L. (1990): Auction the Right to Be an Immigrant, in: Simon, J. L. (Ed.): Population matters: People, Resources, Environment and Immigration. Brunswick, 289-294
144. Sjaastad, L. A. (1962): The Costs and Returns of Human Migration, The Journal of Political Ecomomy, 70, 80-93
145. Smith, J. P.B. Edmonston (1997): The New Americans: Economic, Demo-grapic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. Washington D.C
146. Solow, R. M. (1990): The Labor Market as a Social Institution. Cambridge
147. Stapleton, D. C.D. J. Young (1988): Educational Attainment and Cohort Size, Journal of Labor Economics, 6, 330-361
148. Star, S. (1975): In Search of a Rational Immigration Policy, Canadian Public Policy, 1(3), 328-342
149. Stark, O. (1991): The Migration of Labor. Cambridge
150. Storesletten, K. (2000): Sustaining Fiscal Policy Through Immigration, Journal of Political Economy, 108, 300-323
151. Thon, M. (1995): Demographische Aspekte der Arbeitsmarktentwicklung: Die Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotentials, Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 28, 290-299
152. Thon, M.H.-U. Bach (1998): Die Schätzung von Potential- Erwerbsquoten, Stiller Reserve und Erwerbspersonenpotential für die alten Bundesländer 1970-1995, IAB-Werkstattbericht Nr. 8. Nuremberg
153. Wachter, M. L. (1977): Intermediate Swings in Labour Force Participation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 545-576
154. Wadensjö, E.C. Gerdes (2005): Immigrants and the Public Sector in Denmark and Germany, in: Tranaes, T.K. F. Zimmermann (Eds.) Migrants, Work and the Welfare State. Odense, 319-356
155. Weiss, A. (1990): Efficiency Wages: Models of Unemployment, Layoffs, and Wage Dispersion. Princeton
156. Welch, F. (1989): Effects of Cohort Size on Earnings: The Baby Boom Babies' Financial Bust, Journal of Political Economy, 87, 565-597
157. Winkelmann, R.K. F. Zimmermann (1993): Ageing, Migration and Labour Mobility, in: Johnson, P.K. F. Zimmermann (Eds.): Labour Markets in an Ageing Europe. Cambridge, 255-283
158. Winkelmann, R. (2005): Europeans in the Antipodes: New Zealand's Mixed Migration Experience, in: Zimmermann, K. F. (Ed.), European Migration: What Do We Know?. Oxford, 601-631
159. Winkelmann, R. (2001): Immigration Policies and Their Impact: The Case of New Zealand and Australia, in: Djajic, S. (Ed.), International Migration: Trends, Policies and Economic Impact. London, 1-20
160. Winkelmann, R.A. Kunze L. Locher M. Ward (2001): Die Nachfrage nach internationalen hochqualifizierten Beschäftigten. Gutachten im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), IZA Research Report No. 4. Bonn
161. Wright, R. E. (1991): Cohort Size and Earnings in Britain, Journal of Population Economics, 4, 295-306
162. Wright, R. E.P. S. Maxim (1993): Immigration Policy and Immigrant Quality: Empirical Evidence from Canada, Journal of Population Economics, 6, 337-352
163. Zimmermann, K. F. (1985): Familienökonomie. Theoretische und empirische Untersuchungen zur Frauenerwerbstätigkeit und Geburtenentwicklung. Berlin
164. Zimmermann, K. F. (1995a): European Migration: Push and Pull, Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1994. Supplement to The World Bank Economic Review and The World Bank Research Observer, 313-342. Reprinted 1996 in: International Regional Science Review, 19, 95-128
165. Zimmermann, K. F. (1995b): Tackling the European Migration Problem, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(2), 45-62
166. Zimmermann, K.F.Th. Bauer H. Bonin R. Fahr H. Hinte (2002): Arbeitskräftebedarf bei hoher Arbeitslosigkeit. Heidelberg
167. Zimmermann, K. F.A. Constant (2004) (Eds.): How Labor Migrants Fare. Berlin
168. Zimmermann, K. F. (2005a): European Labour Mobility: Challenges and Potentials. De Economist, 153, 425-450
169. Zimmermann, K. F. (2005b) (Ed.): European Migration: What Do We Know?. Oxford
170. Zimmermann, K. F. H. Hinte (2005): Zuwanderung und Arbeitsmarkt, Deutschland und Dänemark im Vergleich. Berlin