메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 11-35

Advocacy Activities of Nonprofit Human Service Organizations: A Critical Review

Author keywords

advocacy; human service organizations; policy making

Indexed keywords


EID: 84891922221     PISSN: 08997640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0899764013483212     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (154)

References (131)
  • 1
    • 84891958491 scopus 로고
    • Advocacy, Retrieved from
    • Advocacy. (1982). In Merriam-Webster's Dictionary. Retrieved from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/advocacy.
    • (1982) Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
  • 2
    • 84891943779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy, (4th ed.). Retrieved from
    • Advocacy. (2009). In The Free Online Dictionary (4th ed.). Retrieved from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/advocacy.
    • (2009) The Free Online Dictionary
  • 3
    • 4344695942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy organizations in the US political process
    • Andrews K.,Edwards B.Advocacy organizations in the US political process.Annual Review of Sociology. 2004;30:479-506.
    • (2004) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.30 , pp. 479-506
    • Andrews, K.1    Edwards, B.2
  • 4
    • 84891918253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic Philanthropies, Retrieved from
    • Atlantic Philanthropies. (2008). Investing in change: Why supporting advocacy makes sense for foundations. Retrieved from http://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/learning/atlantic-report/investing-change-why-supporting-advocacy-makes-sense-foundations.
    • (2008) Investing in change: Why supporting advocacy makes sense for foundations
  • 5
    • 77956484533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of nonprofit associations in advocacy and public policy: Trends, issues, and prospects
    • Balassiano K.,Chandler S. M.The emerging role of nonprofit associations in advocacy and public policy: Trends, issues, and prospects.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 2010;39:946-955.
    • (2010) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.39 , pp. 946-955
    • Balassiano, K.1    Chandler, S.M.2
  • 7
    • 85050838302 scopus 로고
    • The voluntary social welfare agency
    • Beck B.The voluntary social welfare agency.Social Service Review. 1970;44:147-154.
    • (1970) Social Service Review , vol.44 , pp. 147-154
    • Beck, B.1
  • 9
    • 59849093352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does grassroots lobbying work? A field experiment measuring the effects of e-mail lobbying campaigns on legislative behavior
    • Bergan D. E.Does grassroots lobbying work? A field experiment measuring the effects of e-mail lobbying campaigns on legislative behavior.American Political Research. 2009;37:327-352.
    • (2009) American Political Research , vol.37 , pp. 327-352
    • Bergan, D.E.1
  • 10
    • 84891905515 scopus 로고
    • Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • Berry J.Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1977:.
    • (1977)
    • Berry, J.1
  • 14
    • 65749085794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hart T.Greenfield J.Johnston M., ed.;, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley
    • Bhagat V.Nonprofit internet strategies. Hart T.Greenfield J.Johnston M., ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley; 2005:119-134.
    • (2005) Nonprofit Internet Strategies , pp. 119-134
    • Bhagat, V.1
  • 15
    • 0032265242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprofit advocacy organizations: Assessing the definitions, classifications, and data
    • Boris E.,Mosher-Williams R.Nonprofit advocacy organizations: Assessing the definitions, classifications, and data.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 1998;27:488-506.
    • (1998) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.27 , pp. 488-506
    • Boris, E.1    Mosher-Williams, R.2
  • 16
    • 2642570725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salamon L. M., ed.;, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
    • Boris E.,Krehely J.The state of nonprofit America. Salamon L. M., ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; 2003:299-330.
    • (2003) The State of Nonprofit America , pp. 299-330
    • Boris, E.1    Krehely, J.2
  • 20
    • 1842637455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Third sector participation in the policy process: A framework for comparative analysis
    • Casey J.Third sector participation in the policy process: A framework for comparative analysis.Policy & Politics. 2004;32:241-257.
    • (2004) Policy & Politics , vol.32 , pp. 241-257
    • Casey, J.1
  • 22
    • 32944463984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The best of times, the worst of times: Community sector advocacy in the age of compacts
    • Casey J.,Dalton B. M.The best of times, the worst of times: Community sector advocacy in the age of compacts.Australian Journal of Political Science. 2006;41:23-38.
    • (2006) Australian Journal of Political Science , vol.41 , pp. 23-38
    • Casey, J.1    Dalton, B.M.2
  • 25
    • 33846278726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprofit advocacy organizations: Their characteristics and activities
    • Child C. D.,Gronbjerg K. A.Nonprofit advocacy organizations: Their characteristics and activities.Social Science Quarterly. 2007;88:259-281.
    • (2007) Social Science Quarterly , vol.88 , pp. 259-281
    • Child, C.D.1    Gronbjerg, K.A.2
  • 26
    • 77249139963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Varieties of democracy: Interest groups and corporatist committees in Scandinavian policy making
    • Christiansen P. M.,Norgaard A. S.,Rommetvedt H.,Svensson T.,Gunnar T.,Oberg P.Varieties of democracy: Interest groups and corporatist committees in Scandinavian policy making.Voluntas. 2010;21:22-40.
    • (2010) Voluntas , vol.21 , pp. 22-40
    • Christiansen, P.M.1    Norgaard, A.S.2    Rommetvedt, H.3    Svensson, T.4    Gunnar, T.5    Oberg, P.6
  • 28
    • 0033634052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outcomes of homeless mobilization: The influence of organization, disruption, political mediation and framing
    • Cress D. M.,Snow D. A.The outcomes of homeless mobilization: The influence of organization, disruption, political mediation and framing.American Journal of Sociology. 2000;105:1063-1104.
    • (2000) American Journal of Sociology , vol.105 , pp. 1063-1104
    • Cress, D.M.1    Snow, D.A.2
  • 29
    • 84937342483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). State University of New York, Albany
    • CruzV. (2001). Advocacy in nonprofit human service organizations. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). State University of New York, Albany.
    • (2001) Advocacy in nonprofit human service organizations
    • Cruz, V.1
  • 30
    • 33750287242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing the concept of professional advocacy: An examination of the role of child and youth advocates in England and Wales
    • Dalrymple J.Developing the concept of professional advocacy: An examination of the role of child and youth advocates in England and Wales.Journal of Social Work. 2004;41:179-197.
    • (2004) Journal of Social Work , vol.41 , pp. 179-197
    • Dalrymple, J.1
  • 32
    • 0026230230 scopus 로고
    • Isomorphism and external support in conflicting institutional environments: A study of drug abuse treatment units
    • D'Aunno T.,Sutton R.,Price R.Isomorphism and external support in conflicting institutional environments: A study of drug abuse treatment units.Academy of Management Journal. 1991;34:636-661.
    • (1991) Academy of Management Journal , vol.34 , pp. 636-661
    • D'Aunno, T.1    Sutton, R.2    Price, R.3
  • 36
    • 0000953669 scopus 로고
    • The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields
    • DiMaggio P. J.,Powell W.The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields.American Sociological Review. 1983;48:147-160.
    • (1983) American Sociological Review , vol.48 , pp. 147-160
    • DiMaggio, P.J.1    Powell, W.2
  • 37
    • 51249150036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy by nonprofit human service agencies: Organizational factors as correlates to advocacy behavior
    • Donaldson L.Advocacy by nonprofit human service agencies: Organizational factors as correlates to advocacy behavior.Journal of Community Practice. 2007;15:139-158.
    • (2007) Journal of Community Practice , vol.15 , pp. 139-158
    • Donaldson, L.1
  • 38
    • 57749129249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a progressive advocacy program within a human services agency
    • Donaldson L.Developing a progressive advocacy program within a human services agency.Administration in Social Work. 2008;32:25-47.
    • (2008) Administration in Social Work , vol.32 , pp. 25-47
    • Donaldson, L.1
  • 39
    • 57249090392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the policy advocacy behavior scale: Initial reliability and validity
    • Donaldson L. P.,Shields J.Development of the policy advocacy behavior scale: Initial reliability and validity.Research on Social Work Practice. 2009;19:83-92.
    • (2009) Research on Social Work Practice , vol.19 , pp. 83-92
    • Donaldson, L.P.1    Shields, J.2
  • 40
    • 0027767124 scopus 로고
    • Does the doormat influence the boot? Critical thoughts on UK NGOs and international advocacy
    • Edwards M.Does the doormat influence the boot? Critical thoughts on UK NGOs and international advocacy.Development in Practic. 1993;3:163-175.
    • (1993) Development in Practic , vol.3 , pp. 163-175
    • Edwards, M.1
  • 42
    • 84891949335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic advocacy in policy practice: A framework for teaching technology-based practice
    • Paper presented at the CSWE Annual Program Meeting; Chicago, IL;
    • Fitzgerald E.,McNutt J. G.Electronic advocacy in policy practice: A framework for teaching technology-based practice. Paper presented at the CSWE Annual Program Meeting; 1997Chicago, IL; 1997.
    • (1997)
    • Fitzgerald, E.1    McNutt, J.G.2
  • 43
    • 0032368571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the umeasurable: Empirical studies of nonprofit organization effectiveness from 1977 to 1997
    • Forbes D. P.Measuring the umeasurable: Empirical studies of nonprofit organization effectiveness from 1977 to 1997.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 1998;27:183-202.
    • (1998) Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.27 , pp. 183-202
    • Forbes, D.P.1
  • 44
    • 4444291556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donahue J.Nye Jr. J. S., ed.;, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
    • Frumkin P.Market-based governance. Donahue J.Nye Jr. J. S., ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution; 2002:67-87.
    • (2002) Market-Based Governance , pp. 67-87
    • Frumkin, P.1
  • 48
    • 0002072254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy as a core agency program: Planning considerations for voluntary human service agencies
    • Gibelman M.,Kraft S.Advocacy as a core agency program: Planning considerations for voluntary human service agencies.Administration in Social Work. 1996;20 (4): 43-59.
    • (1996) Administration in Social Work , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 43-59
    • Gibelman, M.1    Kraft, S.2
  • 51
    • 84869251910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political strategies of safety-net providers in response to Medicaid managed care reforms
    • Grogan C. M.,Gusmano M. K.Political strategies of safety-net providers in response to Medicaid managed care reforms.Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 2009;34:5-35.
    • (2009) Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law , vol.34 , pp. 5-35
    • Grogan, C.M.1    Gusmano, M.K.2
  • 53
    • 0032347745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Was it worth the effort? The outcomes and consequences of social movements
    • Guigni M.Was it worth the effort? The outcomes and consequences of social movements.Annual Review of Sociology. 1998;24:371-393.
    • (1998) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.24 , pp. 371-393
    • Guigni, M.1
  • 54
    • 34250165412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When government becomes the principal philanthropist: The effect of public funding on patterns of nonprofit governance
    • Guo C.When government becomes the principal philanthropist: The effect of public funding on patterns of nonprofit governance.Public Administration Review. 2007;67:456-471.
    • (2007) Public Administration Review , vol.67 , pp. 456-471
    • Guo, C.1
  • 55
    • 85126558888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voice-in, voice-out: Constituent participation and nonprofit advocacy
    • Guo C.,Saxton G. D.Voice-in, voice-out: Constituent participation and nonprofit advocacy.Nonprofit Policy Forum. 2010;1:1-25.
    • (2010) Nonprofit Policy Forum , vol.1 , pp. 1-25
    • Guo, C.1    Saxton, G.D.2
  • 61
    • 84937322186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making a difference: Human service interest group influence on social welfare program regulations
    • Hoefer R.Making a difference: Human service interest group influence on social welfare program regulations.Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. 2000;27 (3): 21-38.
    • (2000) Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 21-38
    • Hoefer, R.1
  • 62
    • 84937334811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly effective human services interest groups: Seven key practices
    • Hoefer R.Highly effective human services interest groups: Seven key practices.Journal of Community Practice. 2001;9 (3): 1-13.
    • (2001) Journal of Community Practice , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-13
    • Hoefer, R.1
  • 63
    • 84978445209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political advocacy in the 1980s: Comparing human services and defense interest groups
    • Hoefer R.Political advocacy in the 1980s: Comparing human services and defense interest groups.Social Policy Journal. 2002;1:99-112.
    • (2002) Social Policy Journal , vol.1 , pp. 99-112
    • Hoefer, R.1
  • 64
    • 23944507501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering state policy: Interest groups among state-level advocacy groups
    • Hoefer R.Altering state policy: Interest groups among state-level advocacy groups.Social Work. 2005;50:219-227.
    • (2005) Social Work , vol.50 , pp. 219-227
    • Hoefer, R.1
  • 65
    • 33847388991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the level of powers: How advocacy organizations affect the regulation writing process
    • Hoefer R.,Ferguson K.Controlling the level of powers: How advocacy organizations affect the regulation writing process.Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. 2007;34:83-108.
    • (2007) Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare , vol.34 , pp. 83-108
    • Hoefer, R.1    Ferguson, K.2
  • 68
    • 84972679020 scopus 로고
    • Advocacy in the new world: Introduction to the special issue
    • Hyman D.Advocacy in the new world: Introduction to the special issue.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 1983;12:9-10.
    • (1983) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.12 , pp. 9-10
    • Hyman, D.1
  • 70
    • 84902648153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprofit organizations and political advocacy
    • 2006 In PowellW. W.SteinbergR. S. (Eds.), The nonprofit sector: A research handbook (2nd ed., pp. 307-322). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Powell W. W.Steinberg R. S., ed.;, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Jenkins J. C.The nonprofit sector: A research handbook. 2006). Nonprofit organizations and political advocacy. In PowellW. W.SteinbergR. S. (Eds.), The nonprofit sector: A research handbook (2nd ed., pp. 307-322). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Powell W. W.Steinberg R. S., ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2006:307-322.
    • (2006) The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook , pp. 307-322
    • Jenkins, J.C.1
  • 71
    • 77954165189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy by nonprofits: Roles and practices of core advocacy organizations and direct service agencies
    • Kimberlin S. E.Advocacy by nonprofits: Roles and practices of core advocacy organizations and direct service agencies.Journal of Policy Practice. 2010;9:164-182.
    • (2010) Journal of Policy Practice , vol.9 , pp. 164-182
    • Kimberlin, S.E.1
  • 72
    • 0003632048 scopus 로고
    • 1995). Agendas, alternatives and public policies (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins.;, New York, NY: Harper Collins
    • Kingdon J. W.Agendas, alternatives and public policies. 1995). Agendas, alternatives and public policies (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins.New York, NY: Harper Collins; 1995:.
    • (1995) Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies
    • Kingdon, J.W.1
  • 73
    • 21744452101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary organizations and advocacy: The case of housing for older Americans
    • Laws G.Voluntary organizations and advocacy: The case of housing for older Americans.Nonprofit& Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 1997;26:307-342.
    • (1997) Nonprofit& Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 307-342
    • Laws, G.1
  • 74
    • 33645058401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Funding faction or buying silence: Grants, contracts, and interest group lobbying behavior
    • Leech B. L.Funding faction or buying silence: Grants, contracts, and interest group lobbying behavior.Policy Studies Journal. 2006;34:17-35.
    • (2006) Policy Studies Journal , vol.34 , pp. 17-35
    • Leech, B.L.1
  • 75
    • 70350050338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of descriptive representation on nonprofits' civic intermediary roles: A test of the "racial mismatch" hypothesis in the social service sector
    • LeRoux K.The effects of descriptive representation on nonprofits' civic intermediary roles: A test of the "racial mismatch" hypothesis in the social service sector.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 2009;38:741-760.
    • (2009) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 741-760
    • LeRoux, K.1
  • 76
    • 77955160686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political advocacy by nonprofit organizations: A strategic management explanation
    • LeRoux K.,Goerdel H.Political advocacy by nonprofit organizations: A strategic management explanation.Public Performance& Management Review. 2009;32:514-536.
    • (2009) Public Performance& Management Review , vol.32 , pp. 514-536
    • LeRoux, K.1    Goerdel, H.2
  • 77
    • 25144462054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democratic constraint and embrace: Implications for progressive non-government advocacy organizations in Australia
    • Maddison S.,Dennis R.Democratic constraint and embrace: Implications for progressive non-government advocacy organizations in Australia.Australian Journal of Political Science. 2005;40:373-389.
    • (2005) Australian Journal of Political Science , vol.40 , pp. 373-389
    • Maddison, S.1    Dennis, R.2
  • 79
    • 33751528554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building evidence-based advocacy in cyberspace: A social work imperative for the new millennium
    • McNutt J. G.Building evidence-based advocacy in cyberspace: A social work imperative for the new millennium.Journal of Evidence-Based Practice. 2006;3:91-102.
    • (2006) Journal of Evidence-Based Practice , vol.3 , pp. 91-102
    • McNutt, J.G.1
  • 80
    • 84891922209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy organizations and the organizational digital divide
    • McNutt J. G.Advocacy organizations and the organizational digital divide.Currents: New Scholarship in the Human Services. 2008;7 (2): 1-16.
    • (2008) Currents: New Scholarship in the Human Services , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-16
    • McNutt, J.G.1
  • 81
    • 79958713341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is social work advocacy worth the cost? Issues and barriers to an economic analysis of social work
    • McNutt J. G.Is social work advocacy worth the cost? Issues and barriers to an economic analysis of social work.Research on Social Work Practice. 2010;21:397-403.
    • (2010) Research on Social Work Practice , vol.21 , pp. 397-403
    • McNutt, J.G.1
  • 82
    • 0033236342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic advocacy by nonprofit organizations in social welfare policy
    • McNutt J. G.,Boland K. M.Electronic advocacy by nonprofit organizations in social welfare policy.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 1999;28:432-451.
    • (1999) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 432-451
    • McNutt, J.G.1    Boland, K.M.2
  • 83
    • 0000057597 scopus 로고
    • Institutional organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony
    • Meyer J. W.,Rowan B.Institutional organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony.American Journal of Sociology. 1977;83:340-363.
    • (1977) American Journal of Sociology , vol.83 , pp. 340-363
    • Meyer, J.W.1    Rowan, B.2
  • 84
    • 0002194672 scopus 로고
    • Advocacy
    • 1995)In EdwardsR. L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social work (19th ed., vol. 1, pp. 95-100). Washington, DC: NASW Press.Edwards R. L., ed.;, Washington, DC: NASW Press
    • Mickelson J. S.Encyclopedia of social work. 1995). Advocacy. In EdwardsR. L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social work (19th ed., vol. 1, pp. 95-100). Washington, DC: NASW Press.Edwards R. L., ed. Washington, DC: NASW Press; 1995:95-100.
    • (1995) Encyclopedia of Social Work , pp. 95-100
    • Mickelson, J.S.1
  • 85
    • 84962991852 scopus 로고
    • From service provision to institutional advocacy: The shifting legitimacy of organizational forms
    • Minkoff D. C.From service provision to institutional advocacy: The shifting legitimacy of organizational forms.Social Forces. 1994;72:943-969.
    • (1994) Social Forces , vol.72 , pp. 943-969
    • Minkoff, D.C.1
  • 86
    • 75149127484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at the Aspen Institute's Nonprofit Sector Strategy Group; Wye River, MD;
    • Minkoff D. C. Paper presented at the Aspen Institute's Nonprofit Sector Strategy Group; 1998Wye River, MD; 1998.
    • (1998) Organizational barriers to advocacy
    • Minkoff, D.C.1
  • 87
    • 77952074401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational resources and environmental incentives: Understanding the policy advocacy involvement of human service nonprofits
    • Mosley J. E.Organizational resources and environmental incentives: Understanding the policy advocacy involvement of human service nonprofits.Social Service Review. 2010;84:57-76.
    • (2010) Social Service Review , vol.84 , pp. 57-76
    • Mosley, J.E.1
  • 88
    • 79955543628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutionalization, privatization, and political opportunity: What tactical choices reveal about the policy advocacy of human service nonprofits
    • Mosley J. E.Institutionalization, privatization, and political opportunity: What tactical choices reveal about the policy advocacy of human service nonprofits.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 2011;40:435-457.
    • (2011) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 435-457
    • Mosley, J.E.1
  • 92
    • 33846984571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics, policy, and the motivations for advocacy in nonprofit reproductive health and family planning providers
    • Nicholson-Crotty J.Politics, policy, and the motivations for advocacy in nonprofit reproductive health and family planning providers.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 2007;36:5-21.
    • (2007) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.36 , pp. 5-21
    • Nicholson-Crotty, J.1
  • 93
    • 0001799239 scopus 로고
    • Kugel R. B.Wolfensberger W., ed.;, Washington, DC: President's committee on mental retardation
    • Nirje B.Changing patterns in residential services for the mentally retarded. Kugel R. B.Wolfensberger W., ed. Washington, DC: President's committee on mental retardation; 1969:179-195.
    • (1969) Changing Patterns in Residential Services for the Mentally Retarded , pp. 179-195
    • Nirje, B.1
  • 94
    • 77249151419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy with gloves: The "manners" of strategy used by some third sector organizations undertaking advocacy in NSW and Queensland
    • Onyx J.,Armitage L.,Dalton R.,Melville R.,Casey J.,Banks R.Advocacy with gloves: The "manners" of strategy used by some third sector organizations undertaking advocacy in NSW and Queensland.Voluntas. 2010;21:41-61.
    • (2010) Voluntas , vol.21 , pp. 41-61
    • Onyx, J.1    Armitage, L.2    Dalton, R.3    Melville, R.4    Casey, J.5    Banks, R.6
  • 95
    • 84891941202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closing the advocacy gap between charities and businesses
    • Ottinger L.Closing the advocacy gap between charities and businesses.Chronicle of Philanthropy. 2009;22:37.
    • (2009) Chronicle of Philanthropy , vol.22 , pp. 37
    • Ottinger, L.1
  • 96
    • 84963014698 scopus 로고
    • Executive directors' political activities
    • Pawlak E. J.,Flynn J. P.Executive directors' political activities.Social Work. 1990;35:307-312.
    • (1990) Social Work , vol.35 , pp. 307-312
    • Pawlak, E.J.1    Flynn, J.P.2
  • 98
    • 79952965894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy and lobbying without fear: What is allowed within a 501(c)(3) charitable organization?
    • Raffa T.Advocacy and lobbying without fear: What is allowed within a 501(c)(3) charitable organization?.Nonprofit Quarterly. 2000;7:44-47.
    • (2000) Nonprofit Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 44-47
    • Raffa, T.1
  • 100
    • 0006225920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boris E. T.Steuerle C. E., ed.;, Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press
    • Reid E. J.Nonprofit and government. Boris E. T.Steuerle C. E., ed. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press; 1999:291-308.
    • (1999) Nonprofit and Government , pp. 291-308
    • Reid, E.J.1
  • 102
    • 70449594699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy and the challenges it presents for nonprofits
    • 2006) In BorisE. T.SteuerleC. E. (Eds.), Nonprofits and the government (2nd ed., pp. 343-372.). Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Boris E. T.Steuerle C. E., ed.;, Washington, DC: Urban Institute
    • Reid E. J.Nonprofits and the government. 2006). Advocacy and the challenges it presents for nonprofits. In BorisE. T.SteuerleC. E. (Eds.), Nonprofits and the government (2nd ed., pp. 343-372.). Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Boris E. T.Steuerle C. E., ed. Washington, DC: Urban Institute; 2006:343-372.
    • (2006) Nonprofits and the Government , pp. 343-372
    • Reid, E.J.1
  • 104
    • 84928454044 scopus 로고
    • Foundations and social change organizations: The mask of pluralism
    • Roelofs J.Foundations and social change organizations: The mask of pluralism.The Insurgent Sociologist. 1987;14 (3): 31-71.
    • (1987) The Insurgent Sociologist , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 31-71
    • Roelofs, J.1
  • 105
  • 110
    • 84891927854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enabling and constraining advocacy practices through human service networks
    • Paper presented at the Public Management Research Association Conference; Syracuse, NY;
    • Sandfort J.Enabling and constraining advocacy practices through human service networks. Paper presented at the Public Management Research Association Conference; 2011Syracuse, NY; 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Sandfort, J.1
  • 112
    • 84891942046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprofit organizations: Between identity blurring and adaptation to changing environments
    • Schmid H.Nonprofit organizations: Between identity blurring and adaptation to changing environments.Administration in Social Work. 2012;:.
    • (2012) Administration in Social Work
    • Schmid, H.1
  • 113
    • 55449132248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy activities in nonprofit human service organizations: Implications for policy
    • Schmid H.,Bar M.,Nirel R.Advocacy activities in nonprofit human service organizations: Implications for policy.Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 2008;37:581-602.
    • (2008) Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly , vol.37 , pp. 581-602
    • Schmid, H.1    Bar, M.2    Nirel, R.3
  • 119
    • 84880152850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting advocacy by nonprofit organizations
    • Smith S. R.,Pekkanen R.Revisiting advocacy by nonprofit organizations.Voluntary Sector Review. 2012;3:35-49.
    • (2012) Voluntary Sector Review , vol.3 , pp. 35-49
    • Smith, S.R.1    Pekkanen, R.2
  • 121
    • 77949318384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and evaluating advocacy: Lessons from Oxfam GB's climate change campaigns
    • Starling S.Monitoring and evaluating advocacy: Lessons from Oxfam GB's climate change campaigns.Development in Practice. 2010;20:277-286.
    • (2010) Development in Practice , vol.20 , pp. 277-286
    • Starling, S.1
  • 122
    • 85047697585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do interest groups represent the disadvantaged? Advocacy at the intersections of race, class, and gender
    • Strolovitch D. Z.Do interest groups represent the disadvantaged? Advocacy at the intersections of race, class, and gender.The Journal of Politics. 2006;68:894-910.
    • (2006) The Journal of Politics , vol.68 , pp. 894-910
    • Strolovitch, D.Z.1
  • 123
    • 65749119385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprofit advocacy and civic engagement on the Internet
    • Suárez D. F.Nonprofit advocacy and civic engagement on the Internet.Administration and Society. 2009;41:267-289.
    • (2009) Administration and Society , vol.41 , pp. 267-289
    • Suárez, D.F.1
  • 124
    • 84891920695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard Graduate School of Education
    • Issue topic: Advocacy and policy change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Family Research Project, Harvard Graduate School of Education; 2007:.
    • (2007) Issue Topic: Advocacy and Policy Change
  • 126
  • 129
  • 131
    • 84918608906 scopus 로고
    • A system resource approach to organizational effectiveness
    • Yuchtman E.,Seashore S. E.A system resource approach to organizational effectiveness.American Sociological Review. 1967;32:891-903.
    • (1967) American Sociological Review , vol.32 , pp. 891-903
    • Yuchtman, E.1    Seashore, S.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.