메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 15-24

Sociogeographic variation in the effects of heat and cold on daily mortality in Japan

Author keywords

Cold; Distributed lag; Heat; Mortality; Time series

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CITY; COLD; GEOGRAPHY; HEAT; HUMAN; JAPAN; MORTALITY; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; TIME;

EID: 84891897751     PISSN: 09175040     EISSN: 13499092     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20130051     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (60)
  • 2
    • 0036738768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of weather on respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 12 US cities
    • Braga AL, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The effect of weather on respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 12 US cities. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110:859-63.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 859-863
    • Braga, A.L.1    Zanobetti, A.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 4
    • 18144403842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, editors. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Diseases Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors. Geneva: World Health Organization
    • McMichael A, Kovats S, Edwards S, Wilkinson P, Wilson T, Nicholls R, et al. Environmental and occupational risk factors: global climate change. In Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, editors. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Diseases Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors, vol 2. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. p. 1543-1650.
    • (2004) Environmental and occupational risk factors: global climate change , vol.2 , pp. 1543-1650
    • McMichael, A.1    Kovats, S.2    Edwards, S.3    Wilkinson, P.4    Wilson, T.5    Nicholls, R.6
  • 5
    • 57749207428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project
    • Analitis A, Katsouyanni K, Biggeri A, Baccini M, Forsberg B, Bisanti L, et al. Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168:1397-408.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.168 , pp. 1397-1408
    • Analitis, A.1    Katsouyanni, K.2    Biggeri, A.3    Baccini, M.4    Forsberg, B.5    Bisanti, L.6
  • 7
    • 0038654120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifiers of the temperature and mortality association in seven US cities
    • O'Neill MS, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Modifiers of the temperature and mortality association in seven US cities. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:1074-82.
    • (2003) Am J Epidemiol , vol.157 , pp. 1074-1082
    • O'Neill, M.S.1    Zanobetti, A.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 8
    • 70349230811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat exposure and socio-economic vulnerability as synergistic factors in heat-wave-related mortality
    • Rey G, Fouillet A, Bessemoulin P, Frayssinet P, Dufour A, Jougla E, et al. Heat exposure and socio-economic vulnerability as synergistic factors in heat-wave-related mortality. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24:495-502.
    • (2009) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 495-502
    • Rey, G.1    Fouillet, A.2    Bessemoulin, P.3    Frayssinet, P.4    Dufour, A.5    Jougla, E.6
  • 10
    • 41049114461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat stress and public health: a critical review
    • Kovats RS, Hajat S. Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:41-55.
    • (2008) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.29 , pp. 41-55
    • Kovats, R.S.1    Hajat, S.2
  • 11
    • 13744258403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is sensitive to extremes of temperature? A caseonly analysis
    • Schwartz J. Who is sensitive to extremes of temperature? A caseonly analysis. Epidemiology. 2005;16:67-72.
    • (2005) Epidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 67-72
    • Schwartz, J.1
  • 12
    • 0242338402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat, mortality, and level of urbanization: measuring vulnerability across Ohio
    • Sheridan SC, Dolney TJ. Heat, mortality, and level of urbanization: measuring vulnerability across Ohio, USA. Clim Res. 2003;24:255-65.
    • (2003) USA. Clim Res. , vol.24 , pp. 255-265
    • Sheridan, S.C.1    Dolney, T.J.2
  • 13
    • 84055193741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local heat stroke prevention plans in Japan: characteristics and elements for public health adaptation to climate change
    • Martinez GS, Imai C, Masumo K. Local heat stroke prevention plans in Japan: characteristics and elements for public health adaptation to climate change. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8:4563-81.
    • (2011) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.8 , pp. 4563-4581
    • Martinez, G.S.1    Imai, C.2    Masumo, K.3
  • 14
    • 84891900078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Environmental Research [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2013 April 1]; Available from
    • Hoshi A, Inaba Y. Prediction of heat disorders in Japan. Global Environmental Research [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2013 April 1]; 11:45. Available from: http://www.airies.or.jp/attach.php/ 6a6f75726e616c5f31312d31656e67/save/0/0/11_1-07.pdf.
    • Prediction of heat disorders in Japan , vol.11 , pp. 45
    • Hoshi, A.1    Inaba, Y.2
  • 15
    • 0033219579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deaths from heat-stroke in Japan: 1968-1994
    • Nakai S, Itoh T, Morimoto T. Deaths from heat-stroke in Japan: 1968-1994. Int J Biometeorol. 1999;43:124-7.
    • (1999) Int J Biometeorol , vol.43 , pp. 124-127
    • Nakai, S.1    Itoh, T.2    Morimoto, T.3
  • 16
    • 53249155995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change: impacts on and implications for global health
    • St Louis ME, Hess JJ. Climate change: impacts on and implications for global health. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35:527-38.
    • (2008) Am J Prev Med , vol.35 , pp. 527-538
    • St Louis, M.E.1    Hess, J.J.2
  • 17
    • 79956059120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate Change Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press
    • Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Marquis M, Averyt K, Tignor MM, et al. Climate Change 2007. The Physical Science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
    • (2007) The Physical Science basis , pp. 2007
    • Solomon, S.1    Qin, D.2    Manning, M.3    Marquis, M.4    Averyt, K.5    Tignor, M.M.6
  • 18
    • 0030912258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution, temperature, and regional differences in lung cancer mortality in Japan
    • Choi KS, Inoue S, Shinozaki R. Air pollution, temperature, and regional differences in lung cancer mortality in Japan. Arch Environ Health. 1997;52:160-8.
    • (1997) Arch Environ Health , vol.52 , pp. 160-168
    • Choi, K.S.1    Inoue, S.2    Shinozaki, R.3
  • 19
    • 71749087719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient temperature and mortality: an international study in four capital cities of East Asia
    • Chung JY, Honda Y, Hong YC, Pan XC, Guo YL, Kim H. Ambient temperature and mortality: an international study in four capital cities of East Asia. Sci Total Environ. 2009;408: 390-6.
    • (2009) Sci Total Environ , vol.408 , pp. 390-396
    • Chung, J.Y.1    Honda, Y.2    Hong, Y.C.3    Pan, X.C.4    Guo, Y.L.5    Kim, H.6
  • 20
    • 36148946045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of optimum daily maximum temperature using climate data
    • Honda Y, Kabuto M, Ono M, Uchiyama I. Determination of optimum daily maximum temperature using climate data. Environ Health Prev Med. 2007;12:209-16.
    • (2007) Environ Health Prev Med , vol.12 , pp. 209-216
    • Honda, Y.1    Kabuto, M.2    Ono, M.3    Uchiyama, I.4
  • 21
    • 79955442232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in health risk assessment of current and future heat extremes
    • 3402/gha. v2i0. 2043
    • Honda Y, Ono M. Issues in health risk assessment of current and future heat extremes. Glob Health Action. 2009;2:10.3402/gha. v2i0.2043.
    • (2009) Glob Health Action. , vol.2 , pp. 10
    • Honda, Y.1    Ono, M.2
  • 22
    • 84884353436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in the acute effects of ozone on premature mortality among elderly Japanese
    • Ng CF, Ueda K, Nitta H, Takeuchi A. Seasonal variation in the acute effects of ozone on premature mortality among elderly Japanese. Environ Monit Assess. 2013;185:8767-76.
    • (2013) Environ Monit Assess , vol.185 , pp. 8767-8776
    • Ng, C.F.1    Ueda, K.2    Nitta, H.3    Takeuchi, A.4
  • 23
    • 68149149565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fine particulate matter on daily mortality for specific heart diseases in Japan
    • Ueda K, Nitta H, Ono M. Effects of fine particulate matter on daily mortality for specific heart diseases in Japan. Circ J. 2009;73:1248-54.
    • (2009) Circ J , vol.73 , pp. 1248-1254
    • Ueda, K.1    Nitta, H.2    Ono, M.3
  • 24
    • 70449711277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating mortality effects of fine particulate matter in Japan: a comparison of timeseries and case-crossover analyses
    • Ueda K, Nitta H, Ono M, Takeuchi A. Estimating mortality effects of fine particulate matter in Japan: a comparison of timeseries and case-crossover analyses. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2009;59:1212-8.
    • (2009) J Air Waste Manag Assoc , vol.59 , pp. 1212-1218
    • Ueda, K.1    Nitta, H.2    Ono, M.3    Takeuchi, A.4
  • 25
    • 84891894354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure 2004. [cited 2013 Feb 1]. Available from (in Japanese)
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure 2004. [cited 2013 Feb 1]. Available from: http:// www.stat.go.jp/data/zensho/2004/index.htm (in Japanese).
  • 26
    • 84891893389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. National Census 2005. [cited 2013 Jan 7]. Available from (in Japanese)
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. National Census 2005. [cited 2013 Jan 7]. Available from: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2005/index. htm (in Japanese).
  • 27
    • 84891899738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Land Survey of Prefectures and Municipalities 2005. [cited 2013 Jan 7]. Available from (in Japanese)
    • Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Land Survey of Prefectures and Municipalities 2005. [cited 2013 Jan 7]. Available from: http://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO-title.htm (in Japanese).
  • 28
    • 84891894758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Housing and Land Survey 2003. [cited 2013 Feb 1] (in Japanese). Available from
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Housing and Land Survey 2003. [cited 2013 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jyutaku/2003/index.htm (in Japanese).
  • 29
    • 84891897202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Statistics of the Municipalities of Japan 2005. [cited 2013 July 22]. Available from (in Japanese)
    • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Statistics of the Municipalities of Japan 2005. [cited 2013 July 22]. Available from: http:// www.stat.go.jp/data/ssds/index.htm (in Japanese).
  • 30
    • 84891898282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts 2001-2010. [cited 2013 Mar 25]. Available from (in Japanese)
    • Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts 2001-2010. [cited 2013 Mar 25]. Available from: http:// www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/kenmin/files/contents/ main_h22.html (in Japanese).
  • 31
    • 84891892626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese Nursing Association. Statistical data on nursing service in Japan 2012. [cited 2013 Mar 25]. Available from (in Japanese)
    • Japanese Nursing Association. Statistical data on nursing service in Japan 2012. [cited 2013 Mar 25]. Available from: https://www.nurse.or.jp/home/publication/toukei/index.html (in Japanese).
  • 33
    • 0004031320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study
    • Part I: methods and methodologic issues. Research Report 94. Cambridge, MA: Health Effects Institute
    • Samet JM, Dominici F, Zeger SL, Schwartz J, Dockery DW. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part I: methods and methodologic issues. Research Report 94. Cambridge, MA: Health Effects Institute; 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Samet, J.M.1    Dominici, F.2    Zeger, S.L.3    Schwartz, J.4    Dockery, D.W.5
  • 34
    • 33750473021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality
    • Armstrong B. Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality. Epidemiology. 2006;17: 624-31.
    • (2006) Epidemiology , vol.17 , pp. 624-631
    • Armstrong, B.1
  • 36
    • 0043180458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of air pollution: a statistical review
    • Dominici F, Sheppard L, Clyde M. Health effects of air pollution: a statistical review. Int Stat Rev. 2003;71:243-76.
    • (2003) Int Stat Rev , vol.71 , pp. 243-276
    • Dominici, F.1    Sheppard, L.2    Clyde, M.3
  • 37
    • 78650785495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of heat waves on mortality
    • Gasparrini A, Armstrong B. The impact of heat waves on mortality. Epidemiology. 2011;22:68-73.
    • (2011) Epidemiology , vol.22 , pp. 68-73
    • Gasparrini, A.1    Armstrong, B.2
  • 38
    • 66149112152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weather-related mortality: how heat, cold, and heat waves affect mortality in the United States
    • Anderson BG, Bell ML. Weather-related mortality: how heat, cold, and heat waves affect mortality in the United States. Epidemiology. 2009;20:205-13.
    • (2009) Epidemiology , vol.20 , pp. 205-213
    • Anderson, B.G.1    Bell, M.L.2
  • 39
    • 84870482614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily temperature and mortality: a study of distributed lag non-linear effect and effect modification in Guangzhou
    • Yang J, Ou CQ, Ding Y, Zhou YX, Chen PY. Daily temperature and mortality: a study of distributed lag non-linear effect and effect modification in Guangzhou. Environ Health. 2012;11:63.
    • (2012) Environ Health , vol.11 , pp. 63
    • Yang, J.1    Ou, C.Q.2    Ding, Y.3    Zhou, Y.X.4    Chen, P.Y.5
  • 40
    • 77954786775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of high ambient temperature on the elderly population in three regions of Sweden
    • Rocklöv J, Forsberg B. The effect of high ambient temperature on the elderly population in three regions of Sweden. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7:2607-19.
    • (2010) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.7 , pp. 2607-2619
    • Rocklöv, J.1    Forsberg, B.2
  • 41
    • 34648822438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature, temperature extremes, and mortality: a study of acclimatisation and effect modification in 50 US cities
    • Medina-Ramón M, Schwartz J. Temperature, temperature extremes, and mortality: a study of acclimatisation and effect modification in 50 US cities. Occup Environ Med. 2007;64: 827-33.
    • (2007) Occup Environ Med , vol.64 , pp. 827-833
    • Medina-Ramón, M.1    Schwartz, J.2
  • 43
    • 24044523165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparities by race in heatrelated mortality in four US cities: the role of air conditioning prevalence
    • O'Neill MS, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Disparities by race in heatrelated mortality in four US cities: the role of air conditioning prevalence. J Urban Health. 2005;82:191-7.
    • (2005) J Urban Health , vol.82 , pp. 191-197
    • O'Neill, M.S.1    Zanobetti, A.2    Schwartz, J.3
  • 44
    • 33847006637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat-related and cold-related deaths in England and Wales: who is at risk?
    • Hajat S, Kovats RS, Lachowycz K. Heat-related and cold-related deaths in England and Wales: who is at risk? Occup Environ Med. 2007;64:93-100.
    • (2007) Occup Environ Med , vol.64 , pp. 93-100
    • Hajat, S.1    Kovats, R.S.2    Lachowycz, K.3
  • 45
    • 13744251246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and mortality among the elderly in the United States: a comparison of epidemiologic methods
    • Basu R, Dominici F, Samet JM. Temperature and mortality among the elderly in the United States: a comparison of epidemiologic methods. Epidemiology. 2005;16:58-66.
    • (2005) Epidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 58-66
    • Basu, R.1    Dominici, F.2    Samet, J.M.3
  • 46
    • 79960634417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short-term influence of temperature on daily mortality in the temperate climate of Montreal
    • Goldberg MS, Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Valois MF. The short-term influence of temperature on daily mortality in the temperate climate of Montreal, Canada. Environ Res. 2011;111: 853-60.
    • (2011) Canada. Environ Res. , vol.111 , pp. 853-860
    • Goldberg, M.S.1    Gasparrini, A.2    Armstrong, B.3    Valois, M.F.4
  • 47
    • 48349131064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability to heat-related mortality in Latin America: a case-crossover study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Santiago, Chile and Mexico City
    • Bell ML, O'Neill MS, Ranjit N, Borja-Aburto VH, Cifuentes LA, Gouveia NC. Vulnerability to heat-related mortality in Latin America: a case-crossover study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Santiago, Chile and Mexico City, Mexico. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37: 796-804.
    • (2008) Mexico. Int J Epidemiol. , vol.37 , pp. 796-804
    • Bell, M.L.1    O'Neill, M.S.2    Ranjit, N.3    Borja-Aburto, V.H.4    Cifuentes, L.A.5    Gouveia, N.C.6
  • 48
    • 84858276172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of intracity variation of temperature-related mortality and socioeconomic status among the Chinese population in Hong Kong
    • Chan EY, Goggins WB, Kim JJ, Griffiths SM. A study of intracity variation of temperature-related mortality and socioeconomic status among the Chinese population in Hong Kong. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012;66:322-7.
    • (2012) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.66 , pp. 322-327
    • Chan, E.Y.1    Goggins, W.B.2    Kim, J.J.3    Griffiths, S.M.4
  • 49
    • 79957996060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of temperature effects on cardiovascular mortality in Brisbane
    • Yu W, Hu W, Mengersen K, Guo Y, Pan X, Connell D, et al. Time course of temperature effects on cardiovascular mortality in Brisbane, Australia. Heart. 2011;97:1089-93.
    • (2011) Australia. Heart. , vol.97 , pp. 1089-1093
    • Yu, W.1    Hu, W.2    Mengersen, K.3    Guo, Y.4    Pan, X.5    Connell, D.6
  • 50
    • 15744375092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital admissions for heart disease: the effects of temperature and humidity
    • Schwartz J, Samet JM, Patz JA. Hospital admissions for heart disease: the effects of temperature and humidity. Epidemiology. 2004;15:755-61.
    • (2004) Epidemiology , vol.15 , pp. 755-761
    • Schwartz, J.1    Samet, J.M.2    Patz, J.A.3
  • 51
    • 0036668498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of cold temperatures with GP consultations for respiratory and cardiovascular disease amongst the elderly in London
    • Hajat S, Haines A. Associations of cold temperatures with GP consultations for respiratory and cardiovascular disease amongst the elderly in London. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:825-30.
    • (2002) Int J Epidemiol , vol.31 , pp. 825-830
    • Hajat, S.1    Haines, A.2
  • 52
    • 0037934010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross country analysis identifying key risk factors
    • Healy JD. Excess winter mortality in Europe: a cross country analysis identifying key risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:784-9.
    • (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.57 , pp. 784-789
    • Healy, J.D.1
  • 54
    • 0030898835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe
    • Keatinge WR, Donaldson GC, Bucher K, Jendritsky G, Cordioli E, Martinelli M, et al. Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe. Lancet. 1997;349:1341-6.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1341-1346
    • Keatinge, W.R.1    Donaldson, G.C.2    Bucher, K.3    Jendritsky, G.4    Cordioli, E.5    Martinelli, M.6
  • 55
    • 33845254824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive changes in temperature sensitivity in humans under the conditions of cold, heat, and prolonged exercise
    • Kozyreva TV. Adaptive changes in temperature sensitivity in humans under the conditions of cold, heat, and prolonged exercise. Hum Physiol. 2006;32:721-5.
    • (2006) Hum Physiol , vol.32 , pp. 721-725
    • Kozyreva, T.V.1
  • 56
    • 84863687131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature on mortality in Chiang Mai city Thailand: a time series study
    • Guo Y, Punnasiri K, Tong S. Effects of temperature on mortality in Chiang Mai city, Thailand: a time series study. Environ Health. 2012;11:36.
    • (2012) Environ Health , vol.11 , pp. 36
    • Guo, Y.1    Punnasiri, K.2    Tong, S.3
  • 58
    • 49849093848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and mortality in nine US cities
    • Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Temperature and mortality in nine US cities. Epidemiology. 2008;19:563-70.
    • (2008) Epidemiology , vol.19 , pp. 563-570
    • Zanobetti, A.1    Schwartz, J.2
  • 59
    • 79951672625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air conditioning and intrahospital mortality during the 2003 heatwave in Portugal: evidence of a protective effect
    • Nunes B, Paixão E, Dias CM, Nogueira P, Falcão JM. Air conditioning and intrahospital mortality during the 2003 heatwave in Portugal: evidence of a protective effect. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68:218-23.
    • (2011) Occup Environ Med , vol.68 , pp. 218-223
    • Nunes, B.1    Paixão, E.2    Dias, C.M.3    Nogueira, P.4    Falcão, J.M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.