Counteracting urban climate change: Adaptation measures and their effect on thermal comfort

Theoretical and Applied Climatology

Volumn 115, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 243-257

  Müller, Nicole ^a   Kuttler, Wilhelm ^a   Barlag, Andreas Bent ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; URBAN CLIMATE; VENTILATION; WIND VELOCITY;

GERMANY;

EID: 84891664426     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: 14344483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-013-0890-4     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Akbari H, Matthews HD, Seto D (2012) The long-term effect of increasing the albedo of urban areas. Environ Res Lett. doi: 10. 1088/1748-9326/7/2/024004.
2. Ali-Toudert F (2005) Dependence of outdoor thermal comfort on street design in hot and dry climate. Ber des Meteorol Inst der Universität Freiburg 15. Freiburg.
3. Ali-Toudert F, Mayer H (2005) Thermal comfort in urban streets with trees under hot summer conditions. In: Proc. 22th Int. Conf. Passive Low Energy Architect, Beirut, Lebanon 13-16: 699-704. (PLEA 2005).
4. Ali-Toudert F, Mayer H (2007) Effects of asymmetry, galleries, overhanging façades and vegetation on thermal comfort in urban street canyons. Solar Energy 81: 742-754.
5. Allen WL (2012) Advancing green infrastructure at all scales: from landscape to site. Environ Pract 14: 17-25. doi: 10. 1017/S1466046611000469.
6. Barlag A-B, Kuttler W (1990/91) The significance of country breezes for urban planning. energy and build 15-16: 291-297.
7. Bezirksregierung Köln (2010) Digitales Oberflächenmodell (Digital surface model). (DVD).
8. Bongardt B (2006) Stadtklimatische Bedeutung kleiner Parkanlagen-dargestellt am Beispiel des Dortmunder Westparks (Influence of small park areas on the urban climate-the example of Westpark in Dortmund, Germany). Essener Oekol Schr 24. Westarp, Hohenwarsleben.
9. Bruse M (2000) Anwendung von mikroskaligen Simulationsmodellen in der Stadtplanung (Application of micro-scale numerical models in urban planning. In: Bernhard L, Küger T (eds) Simulation raumbezogener Prozesse: Methoden und Anwendung IfGIprints 9. Inst. für, Geoinformatik.
10. Bruse M (2010) ENVI-met version 3. 2. and calcPET tool. Personal communication.
11. Bruse M, Fleer H (1998) Simulating surface-plant-air interactions inside urban environments with a three dimensional numerical model. Environ Modell and Softw 13: 373-384.
12. Carnielo E, Zinzi M (2013) Optical and thermal characterisation of cool asphalts to mitigate urban temperatures and building cooling demand. Build Environ 60: 56-65.
13. Charalampopoulos I, Tsiros I, Chronopoulou-Sereli A, Matzarakis A (2012) Analysis of thermal bioclimate in various urban configurations in Athens. Greece Urban Ecosyst. doi: 10. 1007/s11252-012-0252-5.
14. Chow WTL, Pope RL, Martin CA, Brazel AJ (2011) Observing and modeling the nocturnal park cool island of an arid city: horizontal and vertical impacts. Theor Appl Climatol 103: 197-211.
15. Cohen P, Potchter O, Matzarakis A (2012) Daily and seasonal climatic conditions of green urban open spaces in the Mediterranean climate and their impact on human comfort. Build Environ 51: 285-295. doi: 10. 1016/j. buildenv. 2011. 11. 020.
16. DWD - Deutscher Wetterdienst (ed) (2011) Long-term temperature averages (1961-1990) from Duisburg-Laar. http://www. dwd. de. Accessed 14 June 2011.
17. EGLV (Emschergenossenschaft/Lippeverband) (2011) Precipitation data of the Station Oberhausen-Buschhausen for climate normal period 1961-1990. Personal communication.
18. Emmanuel R, Rosenlund H, Johansson E (2007) Urban shading-a design option for the tropics? A case study in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Int J Climatol 27: 1995-2004. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 1609.
19. Georgie JN, Dimitriou D (2010) The contribution of urban green spaces to the improvement of environment in cities: case study of Chania, Greece. Build Environ 45(6): 1401-1414.
20. Gill SE, Handley JF, Ennos AR, Pauleit S (2007) Adapting cities for climate change: the role of the green infrastructure. Built Environ 33: 115-133.
21. Goldbach A (2012) Turbulenter Energieaustausch über unterschiedlichen Flächennutzungsstrukturen in der Stadt Oberhausen. (Turbulent energy exchange for different land use patterns in the city of Oberhausen; in German). Essener Oekol Schr 32. Westarp, Hohenwarsleben.
22. Goldbach A, Kuttler W (2012) Quantification of turbulent heat fluxes for adaptation strategies within urban planning. Int J Climatol. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 3437.
23. Gross G (2012) Numerical simulation of greening effects for idealized roofs with regional climate forcing. Meteorol Z 21: 173-181.
24. Gulyás A, Unger J, Matzarakis A (2006) Assessment of the microclimatic and human comfort conditions in a complex urban environment: modelling and measurements. Build Environ 41: 1713-1722. doi: 10. 1016/j. buildenv. 2005. 07. 001.
25. Höppe P (1999) The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. Int Journal of Biometeorol 43: 71-75. doi: 10. 1007/s004840050118.
26. Huttner S (2012) Further development and application of the 3D microclimate simulation ENVI-met. Dissertation, University of Mainz. ubm. opus. hbz-nrw. de/volltexte/2012/3112/. Accessed 13 August 2012.
27. Huttner S, Bruse M, Dostal P (2009) Using ENVI-met to simulate the impact of global warming on the microclimate in central European cities. In: Mayer H, Matzarakis A (eds). 5th Japanese-German Meeting on Urban Climatology, October 2008. Ber des Meteorol Inst der Universität Freiburg 18, pp 307-312.
28. IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) Climate change 2007: synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri RK, Reisinger A (eds)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
29. IT. NRW - Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen (2011a) Amtliche Bevölkerungszahlen (Government population statistics). http://www. it. nrw. de/statistik/a/daten/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/index. html. Accessed 25 January 2012.
30. IT. NRW-Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen (2011b) Geoinformationszentrum (Geo-information center). http://www. gis4. nrw. de/DienstelisteInternet. Accessed 31 May 2011.
31. Jendritzky G, de Dear R, Havenith G (2012) UTCI-why another thermal index? Int J Biometeorol 56: 421-428. doi: 10. 1007/s00484-011-0513-7.
32. Kántor N, Unger J (2010) Benefits and opportunities of adopting GIS in thermal comfort studies in resting places: an urban park as an example. Landsc and Urban Plan 98: 36-46.
33. Krüger EL, Pearlmutter D (2008) The effect of urban evaporation on building energy demand in an arid environment. Energy and Build 40: 2090-2098. doi: 10. 1016/j. enbuild. 2008. 06. 002.
34. Kuttler W (2011) Climate change in urban areas, part 2, measures. Environ Sci Eur (ESEU) 23: 21.
35. Kuttler W (2012) Climate change on the urban scale-effects and countermeasures in Central Europe. In: Chhetri N (ed) Human and Social Dimensions. In Tech, Croatia, pp 105-142. doi: 10. 5772/50867.
36. Kuttler W, Müller N, Dütemeyer D, Barlag A-B (2012a) Prognose- und Diagnoseanalysen zur Verbesserung des Stadtklimas. dynaklim-Publ 25. http://dynaklim. ahu. de/dynaklim/index/wissensmanagement/publikationen/dynaklim_Publikationen-2012. html. Accessed 07 May 2012.
37. Kuttler W, Püllen H, Dütemeyer D, Barlag A-B (2012b): Unterirdische Wärmeinsel in Oberhausen; Untersuchung subterraner Wärme- und Energieflüsse in verschiedenen Klimatopen. dynaklim-Publ 23. http://dynaklim. ahu. de/dynaklim/index/wissensmanagement/publikationen/dynaklim_Publikationen-2012. html. Accessed 07 May 2012.
38. Laaidi K, Zeghnoun A, Dousset B, Bretin P, Vandentorren S, Giraudet E, Beaudeau P (2012) The impact of heat islands on mortality in Paris during the August 2003 heat wave. Environ Health Perspect 120: 254-259.
39. LANUV-Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen (ed) (nd) Klimaatlas NRW (Climatic atlas of North Rhine-Westphalia). Datenquelle Deutscher Wetterdienst (Windrosen: Düsseldorf 1981-2010, Essen 2001-2010). http://www. klimaatlas. nrw. de. Accessed 18 April 2012.
40. Liang H-H, Huang K-T (2011) Study on rooftop outdoor thermal environment and slab insulation performance of grass planted roof. Int J of the Phys Sci 6: 65-73.
41. Lin B, Li X, Zhu Y, Qin Y (2008) Numerical simulation studies of the different vegetation patterns' effects on outdoor pedestrian thermal comfort. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 96: 1707-1718.
42. Lin T-P, Matzarakis A, Hwang R-L (2010) Shading effect on long-term outdoor thermal comfort. Build Environ 45: 213-221. doi: 10. 1016/j. buildenv. 2009. 06. 002.
43. Lopes A, Lopes S, Matzarakis M, Alcoforado MJ (2011) The influence of the summer sea breeze on thermal comfort in Funchal (Madeira). A contribution to tourism and urban planning. Meteorol Z 20: 553-564. doi: 10. 1127/0941-2948/2011/0248.
44. Mahmoud AHA (2011) Analysis of the microclimatic and human comfort conditions in an urban park in hot and arid regions. Build Environ 46: 2641-2656. doi: 10. 1016/j. buildenv. 2011. 06. 025.
45. Matzarakis A (2010) RayMan. http://www. urbanclimate. net/rayman. Accessed 31 October 2011.
46. Matzarakis A, Endler C (2010) Climate change and thermal bioclimate in cities: impacts and options for adaptation in Freiburg, Germany. Int J Biometeorol 54: 479-483.
47. Matzarakis A, Mayer H (1996) Another kind of environmental stress: thermal stress. Newsletter of WHO Colloborating Centre for Air Quality Management and Air Pollution Control 18: 7-10.
48. Matzarakis A, Mayer H, Iziomon MG (1999) Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature. Int J Biometeorol 43: 76-84.
49. Matzarakis A, Rutz F, Mayer H (2007) Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments-application of RayMan model. Int J Biometeorol 51: 323-334. doi: 10. 1007/s00484-006-0061-8.
50. Matzarakis A, Rutz F, Mayer H (2010) Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: basics of the RayMan model. Int J Biometeorol 54: 131-139. doi: 10. 1007/s00484-009-0261-0.
51. Mayer H (2006) Indizes zur human-biometeorologischen Bewertung der thermischen und lufthygienischen Komponente des Klimas. Gefahrstoffe - Reinhalt der Luft 66: 165-174.
52. Mayer H, Höppe P (1987) Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theor Appl Climatol 38: 43-49.
53. Mayer H, Kuppe S, Holst J, Imbery F, Matzarakis A (2009) Human thermal comfort below the canopy of street trees on a typical Central European summer day. In: Mayer H, Matzarakis A (eds). 5th Japanese-German Meeting on Urban Climatology, October 2008. Ber des Meteorol Inst der Universität Freiburg 18, pp 211-219.
54. MUNLV NRW-Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (ed) (2010) Handbuch Stadtklima-Maßnahmen und Handlungskonzepte für Städte und Ballungsräume zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel (Urban climate guide-climate change adaptation measures and strategies for cities.) Langfassung. http://www. umwelt. nrw. de/klima/klimawandel/anpassungspolitik/projekte/staedte_und_ballungsraeume/projektseite_01/index. php. Accessed 11 April 2011.
55. Murakawa S, Sekine T, Narita K-I (1990/91) Study of the Effects of a river on the thermal environment in an urban Area. Energy and Build 15-16: 993-1001.
56. Ng E, Chen L, Wang Y, Yuan C (2012) A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: An experience from Hong Kong. Build Environ 47: 256-271. doi: 10. 1016/j. buildenv. 2011. 07. 014.
57. Oliveira S, Andrade H, Vaz T (2011) The cooling effect of green spaces as a contribution to the mitigation of urban heat: a case study in Lisbon. Build Environ 46: 2186-2194.
58. Potchter O, Cohen P, Bitan A (2006) Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel. Int J Climatol 26: 1695-1711. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 1330.
59. Püllen H (2010) Soil temperature data for 10 July 2010 at compact midrise station 1 in Oberhausen. Persponal communication.
60. RVR-Regionalverband Ruhr (2011) Metropoleruhr. de-Bevölkerung (Population). http://www. metropoleruhr. de/regionalverband-ruhr/analysen-statistik/regionalstatistik/bevoelkerung/entwicklung. html. Accessed 09 May 2012.
61. Saaroni H, Ziv B (2003) The impact of small lake on heat stress in a Mediterranean urban park: the case of Tel Aviv, Israel. Int J Biometeorol 47: 156-165. doi: 10. 1007/s00484-003-0161-7.
62. Sfakianaki A, Pagalou E, Pavlou K, Santamouris M, Assimakopoulos MN (2009) Theoretical and experimental analysis of the thermal behavior of a green roof system installed in two residential buildings in Athens, Greece. Int J of Energy Res 33: 1059-1069.
63. Shashua-Bar L, Pearlmutter D, Erell E (2009) The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate. Landsc and Urban Plan 92: 179-186.
64. Shashua-Bar L, Pearlmutter D, Erell E (2011) The influence of trees and grass on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot-arid environment. Int J Climatol 31: 1498-1506. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 2177.
65. Shashua-Bar L, Tsiros IX, Hoffman M (2012) Passive cooling design options to ameliorate thermal comfort in urban streets of a Mediterranean climate (Athens) under hot summer conditions. Build Environ 57: 110-119.
66. Spronken-Smith RA, Oke TR (1998) The thermal regime of urban parks in two cities with different summer climates. Int J Remote Sens 19: 2085-2104. doi: 10. 1080/014311698214884.
67. Spronken-Smith RA, Oke TR (1999) Scale modelling of nocturnal cooling in urban parks. Bound-Layer Meteorol 93: 287-312. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1002001408973.
68. Stadt Oberhausen (2012) Realnutzungskartierung 2009 (Land use mapping 2009). Stadt Oberhausen Fachbereich 2-2-10.
69. Stewart ID (2011) Redefining the urban heat island. Dissertation, University of British Columbia. https://circle. ubc. ca/handle/2429/38069. Accessed 23 February 2012.
70. Streiling S, Matzarakis A (2003) Influence of single and small clusters of trees on the bioclimate of a city: a case study. J of Arboriculture 29(6): 309-315.
71. Sun R, Chen L (2012) How can urban water bodies be designed for climate adaptation? Landsc and Urban Plan 105: 27-33.
72. Susca T, Gaffin SR, Dell'Osso GR (2011) Positive effects of vegetation: urban heat island and green roofs. Environ Pollut 159: 2119-2126.
73. Svensson MK, Thorsson S, Lindqvist S (2003) A geographical information system model for creating bioclimatic maps-examples from a high, mid-latitude city. Int J Biometeorol 47: 102-112. doi: 10. 1007/s00484-002-0150-2.
74. Theodosiou T (2009) Green roofs in buildings: thermal and environmental behaviour. Adv in Build Energy Res 3: 271-288. doi: 10. 3763/aber. 2009. 0311.
75. Thorsson S, Lindberg F, Eliasson I, Holmer B (2007) Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting. Int J Climatol 27: 1983-1993. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 1537.
76. Thorsson S, Lindberg F, Björklund J, Holmer B, Rayner D (2011) Potential changes in outdoor thermal comfort conditions in Gothenburg, Sweden due to climate change: the influence of urban geometry. Int J Climatol 31: 324-335.
77. Xu J, Wie Q, Huang X, Zhu X, Li G (2010) Evaluation of human thermal comfort near urban waterbody during summer. Build Environ 45: 1072-1080. doi: 10. 1016/j. buildenv. 2009. 10. 025.
78. Yang F, Lau SSY, Qian F (2011) Thermal comfort effects of urban design strategies in high-rise urban environments in a sub-tropical climate. Archit Sci Rev 54(4): 285-304.