메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 430-447

An investigation of the aerosol indirect effect on convective intensity using satellite observations

Author keywords

Aerosols; Convective clouds; Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Storm environments

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL INDIRECT EFFECT; BACKGROUND CONDITIONS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALE; STORM ENVIRONMENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROFILES;

EID: 84891654226     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0158.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0024812929 scopus 로고
    • Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness
    • doi:10.1126/science.245.4923.1227
    • Albrecht, B. A., 1989: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245, 1227-1230, doi:10.1126/science.245.4923.1227.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Albrecht, B.A.1
  • 2
    • 77950505936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning response to smoke from Amazonian fires
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL042679
    • Altaratz, O., I. Koren, Y. Yair, and C. Price, 2010: Lightning response to smoke from Amazonian fires. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L07801, doi:10.1029/2010GL042679.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Altaratz, O.1    Koren, I.2    Yair, Y.3    Price, C.4
  • 4
    • 84899884517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol particles in Amazonia: Their composition, role in the radiation balance, cloud formation, nutrient cycles.
    • Amer. Geophys. Union, doi:10.1029/2008GM000778
    • Artaxo, P., and Coauthors, 2009: Aerosol particles in Amazonia: Their composition, role in the radiation balance, cloud formation, and nutrient cycles. Amazonia and Global Change, Geophys. Monogr., Vol. 186, Amer. Geophys. Union, 233-250, doi:10.1029/2008GM000778.
    • (2009) Amazonia and Global Change, Geophys, Monogr. , vol.186 , pp. 233-250
    • Artaxo, P.1
  • 5
    • 0000100296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early results on rain type classification by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (T.RMM) Precipitation Radar
    • Proc. Eighth URSI Commission F Triennial Open Symp., Aveiro, Portugal, International Union of Radio Science
    • Awaka, J., T. Iguchi, and K. Okamoto, 1998: Early results on rain type classification by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar. Proc. Eighth URSI Commission F Triennial Open Symp., Aveiro, Portugal, International Union of Radio Science, 143-146.
    • (1998) , pp. 143-146
    • Awaka, J.1    Iguchi, T.2    Okamoto, K.3
  • 6
    • 71549130438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRMM PR standard algorithm 2A23 and its performance on bright band detection
    • Awaka, J., T. Iguchi, and K. Okamoto, 2009: TRMM PR standard algorithm 2A23 and its performance on bright band detection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87, 31-52.
    • (2009) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.87 , pp. 31-52
    • Awaka, J.1    Iguchi, T.2    Okamoto, K.3
  • 7
    • 33646567812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall climate regimes: The relationship of regionalTRMMrainfall biases to the environment
    • Berg, W., T. L'Ecuyer, and C. Kummerow, 2006: Rainfall climate regimes: The relationship of regionalTRMMrainfall biases to the environment. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 434-454.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.45 , pp. 434-454
    • Berg, W.1    L'Ecuyer, T.2    Kummerow, C.3
  • 8
    • 68249089063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the impact of aerosols on the onset and microphysical properties of rainfall from a combination of satellite observations and cloudresolving model simulations
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009649
    • Berg, W., T. L'Ecuyer, and S. van den Heever, 2008: Evidence for the impact of aerosols on the onset and microphysical properties of rainfall from a combination of satellite observations and cloudresolving model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14S23, doi:10.1029/2007JD009649.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Berg, W.1    L'Ecuyer, T.2    van den Heever, S.3
  • 9
    • 16444362816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolcloud interaction-Misclassification of MODIS clouds in heavy aerosol
    • doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.844662
    • Brennan, J. I., Y. J. Kaufman, I. Koren, and R. R. Li, 2005: Aerosolcloud interaction-Misclassification of MODIS clouds in heavy aerosol. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, 911, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.844662.
    • (2005) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.43 , pp. 911
    • Brennan, J.I.1    Kaufman, Y.J.2    Koren, I.3    Li, R.R.4
  • 10
    • 0003686720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (A.TBD) for the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS)
    • NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, [Available online at].
    • Christian, H. J., R. J. Blakeslee, S. J. Goodman, and D. M. Mach, Eds., 2000: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 53 pp. [Available online at http://eospso. gsfc.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atbd/atbd-lis-01.pdf.]
    • (2000) , pp. 53
    • Christian, H.J.1    Blakeslee, R.J.2    Goodman, S.J.3    Mach, D.M.4
  • 11
    • 79955446270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
    • doi:10.1002/qj.828
    • Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 553-597
    • Dee, D.P.1
  • 12
    • 34548772431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aerosols and relative humidity on cumulus clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2006JD008136
    • Fan, J., R. Zhang, G. Li, and W.-K. Tao, 2007: Effects of aerosols and relative humidity on cumulus clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D14204, doi:10.1029/2006JD008136.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Fan, J.1    Zhang, R.2    Li, G.3    Tao, W.-K.4
  • 13
    • 72049112292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD012352
    • Fan, J., and Coauthors, 2009: Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D22206, doi:10.1029/2009JD012352.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Fan, J.1
  • 14
    • 0347972690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical and radiative evolution of aerosol plumes over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002228
    • Garrett, T. J., L. M. Russell, V. Ramaswamy, S. F. Maria, and B. J. Huebert, 2003: Microphysical and radiative evolution of aerosol plumes over the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4022, doi:10.1029/2002JD002228.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4022
    • Garrett, T.J.1    Russell, L.M.2    Ramaswamy, V.3    Maria, S.F.4    Huebert, B.J.5
  • 15
    • 0034076317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of humidity on the aerosol scattering coefficient and its effect on the upwelling radiance during A.CE-2
    • doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00055.x.
    • Gassó, S., and Coauthors, 2000: Influence of humidity on the aerosol scattering coefficient and its effect on the upwelling radiance during ACE-2. Tellus, 52B, 546-567, doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00055.x.
    • (2000) Tellus , vol.52 B , pp. 546-567
    • Gassó, S.1
  • 16
    • 84891656231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glossary of Meteorology. 2nd ed. Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Glickman, T. S., Ed., 2000: Glossary of Meteorology. 2nd ed. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 855 pp.
    • (2000) , pp. 855
    • Glickman, T.S.1
  • 17
    • 0041058709 scopus 로고
    • An experimental investigation of the effect of air pollution on the initiation of rain
    • Gunn, R., and B. B. Phillips, 1957: An experimental investigation of the effect of air pollution on the initiation of rain. J. Meteor., 14, 272-280.
    • (1957) J. Meteor. , vol.14 , pp. 272-280
    • Gunn, R.1    Phillips, B.B.2
  • 18
    • 72149099798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud condensation nuclei in pristine tropical rainforest air of Amazonia: Size-resolved measurements and modeling of atmospheric aerosol composition and CCN activity
    • doi:10.5194/acp-9-7551-2009
    • Gunthe, S. S., and Coauthors, 2009: Cloud condensation nuclei in pristine tropical rainforest air of Amazonia: Size-resolved measurements and modeling of atmospheric aerosol composition and CCN activity. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7551-7575, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7551-2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 7551-7575
    • Gunthe, S.S.1
  • 19
    • 84860193470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence of cloud invigoration from TRMM measurements of rain center of gravity
    • doi:10.1029/2012GL051158
    • Heiblum, R. H., I. Koren, and O. Altaratz, 2012: New evidence of cloud invigoration from TRMM measurements of rain center of gravity. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08803, doi:10.1029/2012GL051158.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39
    • Heiblum, R.H.1    Koren, I.2    Altaratz, O.3
  • 20
    • 70749103177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black carbon and West African monsoon precipitation: Observations and simulations
    • doi:10.5194/angeo-27-4171-2009
    • Huang, J., A. Adams, C. Wang, and C. Zhang, 2009: Black carbon and West African monsoon precipitation: Observations and simulations. Ann. Geophys., 27, 4171-4181, doi:10.5194/angeo-27-4171-2009.
    • (2009) Ann. Geophys. , vol.27 , pp. 4171-4181
    • Huang, J.1    Adams, A.2    Wang, C.3    Zhang, C.4
  • 23
    • 53749101382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean and polluted clouds: Relationships among pollution, ice clouds, and precipitation in South America
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL034631
    • Jiang, J. H., H. Su, M. R. Schoeberl, S. T. Massie, P. Colarco, S. Platnick, and N. J. Livesey, 2008: Clean and polluted clouds: Relationships among pollution, ice clouds, and precipitation in South America. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, LI4804, doi:10.1029/2008GL034631.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Jiang, J.H.1    Su, H.2    Schoeberl, M.R.3    Massie, S.T.4    Colarco, P.5    Platnick, S.6    Livesey, N.J.7
  • 24
    • 84860389175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical properties of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in South America
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-2287-2010
    • Jones, T. A., and S. A. Christopher, 2010: Statistical properties of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions in South America. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2287-2305, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2287-2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 2287-2305
    • Jones, T.A.1    Christopher, S.A.2
  • 25
    • 0031451574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer
    • Kaufman, Y. J., D. Tanré, L. A. Remer, E. F. Vermote, A. Chu, and B. N. Holben, 1997: Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D14), 17 051-17 067.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D14 , pp. 17051-17067
    • Kaufman, Y.J.1    Tanré, D.2    Remer, L.A.3    Vermote, E.F.4    Chu, A.5    Holben, B.N.6
  • 26
    • 67650254201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on state-of-the-art investigations of aerosol effects on precipitation: A critical review
    • doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/015004
    • Khain, A. P., 2009: Notes on state-of-the-art investigations of aerosol effects on precipitation: A critical review. Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 015004, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/015004.
    • (2009) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 015004
    • Khain, A.P.1
  • 27
    • 12144271254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model
    • Khain, A. P., and A. Pokrovsky, 2004: Simulation of effects of atmospheric aerosols on deep turbulent convective clouds using a spectral microphysics mixed-phase cumulus cloud model. Part II: Sensitivity study. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2983-3001.
    • (2004) Part II: Sensitivity study. J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2983-3001
    • Khain, A.P.1    Pokrovsky, A.2
  • 28
    • 25844471433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds
    • doi:10.1256/qj.04.62
    • Khain, A. P., D. Rosenfeld, and A. Pokrovsky, 2005: Aerosol impact on the dynamics and microphysics of deep convective clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2639-2663, doi:10.1256/qj.04.62.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 2639-2663
    • Khain, A.P.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Pokrovsky, A.3
  • 29
    • 45849113311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification
    • Khain, A. P., N. BenMoshe, and A. Pokrovsky, 2008: Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1721-1748.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 1721-1748
    • Khain, A.P.1    BenMoshe, N.2    Pokrovsky, A.3
  • 30
    • 36549040433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud and aerosol properties, precipitable water, and profiles of temperature and water vapor from MODIS
    • doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.808226
    • King, M. D., and Coauthors, 2003: Cloud and aerosol properties, precipitable water, and profiles of temperature and water vapor from MODIS. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 442-458, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.808226.
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.41 , pp. 442-458
    • King, M.D.1
  • 31
    • 25444435723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL023187
    • Koren, I., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Rosenfeld, L. A. Remer, and Y. Rudich, 2005: Aerosol invigoration and restructuring of Atlantic convective clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14828, doi:10.1029/2005GL023187.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Koren, I.1    Kaufman, Y.J.2    Rosenfeld, D.3    Remer, L.A.4    Rudich, Y.5
  • 32
    • 49649092389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke invigoration versus inhibition of clouds over the Amazon
    • doi:10.1126/science.1159185
    • Khain, A. P., J. V. Martins, L. A. Remer, and H. Afargan, 2008: Smoke invigoration versus inhibition of clouds over the Amazon. Science, 321, 946-949, doi:10.1126/science.1159185.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 946-949
    • Khain, A.P.1    Martins, J.V.2    Remer, L.A.3    Afargan, H.4
  • 33
    • 77956911579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The invigoration of deep convective clouds over the Atlantic: Aerosol effect, meteorology, or retrieval artifact?
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-8855-2010
    • Khain, A. P., G. Feingold, and L. A. Remer, 2010: The invigoration of deep convective clouds over the Atlantic: Aerosol effect, meteorology, or retrieval artifact? Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8855-8872, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8855-2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 8855-8872
    • Khain, A.P.1    Feingold, G.2    Remer, L.A.3
  • 34
    • 84856702941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol-induced intensification of rain from the tropics to the mid-latitudes
    • doi:10.1038/ngeo1364
    • Khain, A. P., O. Altaratz, L. A. Remer, G. Feingold, J. V. Martins, and R. H. Heiblum, 2012: Aerosol-induced intensification of rain from the tropics to the mid-latitudes. Nat. Geosci., 5, 118-122, doi:10.1038/ngeo1364.
    • (2012) Nat. Geosci. , vol.5 , pp. 118-122
    • Khain, A.P.1    Altaratz, O.2    Remer, L.A.3    Feingold, G.4    Martins, J.V.5    Heiblum, R.H.6
  • 36
    • 66949131489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensor satellite observations of aerosol effects on warm clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD009876
    • Lebsock, M. D., G. L. Stephens, and C. Kummerow, 2008: Multisensor satellite observations of aerosol effects on warm clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15205, doi:10.1029/2008JD009876.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Lebsock, M.D.1    Stephens, G.L.2    Kummerow, C.3
  • 37
    • 79952553505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-2179-2011
    • Lee, S. S., 2011: Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2179-2196, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2179-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 2179-2196
    • Lee, S.S.1
  • 38
    • 56249120292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear, and stability
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009224
    • Khain, A. P., L. J. Donner, V. T. J. Phillips, and Y. Ming, 2008: The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear, and stability. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16202, doi:10.1029/2007JD009224.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Khain, A.P.1    Donner, L.J.2    Phillips, V.T.J.3    Ming, Y.4
  • 39
    • 0348019148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the Moderate- Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of dust aerosol over the ocean during PRIDE
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002460
    • Levy, R. C., and Coauthors, 2003: Evaluation of the Moderate- Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals of dust aerosol over the ocean during PRIDE. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8594, doi:10.1029/2002JD002460.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 8594
    • Levy, R.C.1
  • 40
    • 33845520002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of biomass-burning-derived aerosols on precipitation and clouds in the Amazon Basin: A satellite-based empirical study
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD006884
    • Lin, J. C., T. Matsui, R. A. Pielke Sr., and C. Kummerow, 2006: Effects of biomass-burning-derived aerosols on precipitation and clouds in the Amazon Basin: A satellite-based empirical study. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006884.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Lin, J.C.1    Matsui, T.2    Pielke Sr, R.A.3    Kummerow, C.4
  • 41
    • 77957931653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated African biomass burning emission inventories in the framework of the AMMA-IDAF program, with an evaluation of combustion aerosols
    • doi:10.5194/acp-10-9631-2010
    • Liousse, C., and Coauthors, 2010: Updated African biomass burning emission inventories in the framework of the AMMA-IDAF program, with an evaluation of combustion aerosols. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9631-9646, doi:10.5194/acp-10-9631-2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 9631-9646
    • Liousse, C.1
  • 42
    • 44249092140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal cycles of precipitation, clouds, and lightning in the tropics from 9 years of TRMM observations
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL032437
    • Liu, C., and E. J. Zipser, 2008: Diurnal cycles of precipitation, clouds, and lightning in the tropics from 9 years of TRMM observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04819, doi:10.1029/2007GL032437.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Liu, C.1    Zipser, E.J.2
  • 43
    • 56249139933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cloud and precipitation feature database from 9 years of TRMMobservations
    • Liu, C., and E. J. Zipser, D. J. Cecil, S. W. Nesbitt, and S. Sherwood, 2008: A cloud and precipitation feature database from 9 years of TRMMobservations. J. Appl. Meteor. Climate, 47, 2712-2728.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climate , vol.47 , pp. 2712-2728
    • Liu, C.1    Zipser, E.J.2    Cecil, D.J.3    Nesbitt, S.W.4    Sherwood, S.5
  • 44
    • 34347268746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global hydrometeor occurrence as observed by CloudSat: Initial observations from summer 2006, Geophys
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL029017
    • Mace, G. G., R. Marchand, Q. Zhang, and G. Stephens, 2007: Global hydrometeor occurrence as observed by CloudSat: Initial observations from summer 2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L09808, doi:10.1029/2006GL029017.
    • (2007) Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Mace, G.G.1    Marchand, R.2    Zhang, Q.3    Stephens, G.4
  • 45
    • 0000608164 scopus 로고
    • Cloud structure and distributions over the tropical Pacific Ocean
    • doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00167.x
    • Malkus, J. S., and H. Riehl, 1964: Cloud structure and distributions over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Tellus, 16, 275-287, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00167.x.
    • (1964) Tellus , vol.16 , pp. 275-287
    • Malkus, J.S.1    Riehl, H.2
  • 46
    • 40449109594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrometeor detection using Cloudsat-An Earth-orbiting 94-GHz cloud radar
    • Marchand, R., G. G. Mace, T. Ackerman, and G. Stephens, 2008: Hydrometeor detection using Cloudsat-An Earth-orbiting 94-GHz cloud radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 519-533.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.25 , pp. 519-533
    • Marchand, R.1    Mace, G.G.2    Ackerman, T.3    Stephens, G.4
  • 47
    • 80055060836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-systemresolving model simulations of aerosol indirect effects on tropical deep convection and its thermodynamic environment
    • doi:10.5194/acpd-11-15573-2011
    • Morrison, H., and W. W. Grabowski, 2011: Cloud-systemresolving model simulations of aerosol indirect effects on tropical deep convection and its thermodynamic environment. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 15 573-15 629, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-15573-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.11 , pp. 15573-15629
    • Morrison, H.1    Grabowski, W.W.2
  • 48
    • 0035303001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible correlation between satellite-derived cloud and aerosol microphysical parameters
    • doi:10.1029/2000GL012186
    • Nakajima, T., A. Higurashi, K. Kawamoto, and J. E. Penner, 2001: A possible correlation between satellite-derived cloud and aerosol microphysical parameters. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1171-1174, doi:10.1029/2000GL012186.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1171-1174
    • Nakajima, T.1    Higurashi, A.2    Kawamoto, K.3    Penner, J.E.4
  • 49
    • 84864517067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud invigoration and suppression by aerosols over the tropical region based on satellite observations
    • doi:10.5194/acpd-11-5003-2011
    • Niu, F., and Z. Li, 2011: Cloud invigoration and suppression by aerosols over the tropical region based on satellite observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 5003-5017, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-5003-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.11 , pp. 5003-5017
    • Niu, F.1    Li, Z.2
  • 50
    • 0032801464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative importance of non-sea-salt sulphate and sea-salt aerosol to the marine cloud condensation nuclei population: An improved multi-component aerosol-cloud droplet parametrization
    • doi:10.1002/qj.1999.49712555610
    • O'Dowd, C. D., J. A. Lowe, M. H. Smith, and A. D. Kaye, 1999: The relative importance of non-sea-salt sulphate and sea-salt aerosol to the marine cloud condensation nuclei population: An improved multi-component aerosol-cloud droplet parametrization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 1295-1313, doi:10.1002/qj.1999.49712555610.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 1295-1313
    • O'Dowd, C.D.1    Lowe, J.A.2    Smith, M.H.3    Kaye, A.D.4
  • 51
    • 27744556361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructures and precipitation development in cumulus and small cumulonimbus clouds over the warm pool of the tropical Pacific Ocean
    • doi:10.1256/qj.04.13
    • Rangno, A. L., and P. V. Hobbs, 2005: Microstructures and precipitation development in cumulus and small cumulonimbus clouds over the warm pool of the tropical Pacific Ocean.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 639-673
    • Rangno, A.L.1    Hobbs, P.V.2
  • 52
    • 57749181885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009661
    • Remer, L. A., and Coauthors, 2008: Global aerosol climatology from the MODIS satellite sensors. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14S07, doi:10.1029/2007JD009661.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Remer, L.A.1
  • 53
    • 0033569054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall
    • doi:10.1029/1999GL006066
    • Rosenfeld, D., 1999: TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3105-3108, doi:10.1029/1999GL006066.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 3105-3108
    • Rosenfeld, D.1
  • 54
    • 0032458748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite-based insights into precipitation formation processes in continental and maritime convective clouds
    • Rosenfeld, D., and I. M. Lensky, 1998: Satellite-based insights into precipitation formation processes in continental and maritime convective clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2457-2476.
    • (1998) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 2457-2476
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Lensky, I.M.2
  • 55
    • 33847007643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chisholm firestorm: Observed microstructure, precipitation and lightning activity of a pyrocumulonimbus
    • doi:10.5194/acp-7-645-2007
    • Rosenfeld, D., M. Fromm, J. Trentmann, G. Luderer, M. O. Andreae, and R. Servranckx, 2007: The Chisholm firestorm: Observed microstructure, precipitation and lightning activity of a pyrocumulonimbus. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 645-659, doi:10.5194/acp-7-645-2007.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.7 , pp. 645-659
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Fromm, M.2    Trentmann, J.3    Luderer, G.4    Andreae, M.O.5    Servranckx, R.6
  • 57
    • 84864859058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dust lofting ingestion by supercell storms
    • Seigel, R. B., and S. C. van den Heever, 2012: Dust lofting and ingestion by supercell storms. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1453-1473. Sekiguchi, M., T. Nakajima, K. Suzuki, K. Kawamoto, A. Higurashi
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 1453-1473
    • Seigel, R.B.1    van den Heever, S.C.2
  • 58
    • 1342308709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astudy of the direct and indirect effects of aerosols using global satellite data sets of aerosols and cloud parameters
    • doi:10.1029/2002J.D003359
    • Sekiguchi, M., T. Nakajima, K. Suzuki, K. Kawamoto, A. Higurashi., D. Rosenfeld, I. Sano, and S. Mukai, 2003:Astudy of the direct and indirect effects of aerosols using global satellite data sets of aerosols and cloud parameters. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4699, doi:10.1029/2002JD003359.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4699
    • Sekiguchi, M.1    Nakajima, T.2    Suzuki, K.3    Kawamoto, K.4    Higurashi, A.5    Rosenfeld, D.6    Sano, I.7    Mukai, S.8
  • 59
    • 0002437048 scopus 로고
    • Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal
    • Spencer, R. W., H. M. Goodman, and R. E. Hood, 1989: Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I: Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 254-273.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 254-273
    • Spencer, R.W.1    Goodman, H.M.2    Hood, R.E.3
  • 60
    • 0036994078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CloudSat Mission and the A-Train
    • Stephens, G. L., and Coauthors, 2002: The CloudSat Mission and the A-Train. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1771-1790.
    • (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 1771-1790
    • Stephens, G.L.1
  • 61
    • 70349687408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system
    • doi:10.1038/nature08281
    • Stevens, B., and G. Feingold, 2009: Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system. Nature, 461, 607-613, doi:10.1038/nature08281.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 607-613
    • Stevens, B.1    Feingold, G.2
  • 63
    • 84874982348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical processes evident in aerosol forcing of tropical deep convective clouds
    • Storer, R. L., and S. C. van den Heever, 2013: Microphysical processes evident in aerosol forcing of tropical deep convective clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 430-446.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 430-446
    • Storer, R.L.1    van den Heever, S.C.2
  • 64
    • 3643072882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances
    • Tanré, D., Y. J. Kaufman, M. Herman, and S. Mattoo, 1997: Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D14), 16 971-16 988.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D14 , pp. 16971-16988
    • Tanré, D.1    Kaufman, Y.J.2    Herman, M.3    Mattoo, S.4
  • 65
    • 84859813952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation
    • doi:10.1029/2011RG000369
    • Tao, W.-K., J.-P. Chen, Z. Li, C. Wang, and C. Zhang, 2012: Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation. Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2011RG000369.
    • (2012) Rev. Geophys. , vol.50
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Chen, J.-P.2    Li, Z.3    Wang, C.4    Zhang, C.5
  • 66
    • 0000309226 scopus 로고
    • The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds
    • Twomey, S., 1977: The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1152.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1149-1152
    • Twomey, S.1
  • 68
    • 79954995826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium
    • van den Heever, S. C., G. L. Stephens, and N. B. Wood, 2011: Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 699-718.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 699-718
    • van den Heever, S.C.1    Stephens, G.L.2    Wood, N.B.3
  • 69
    • 0026267622 scopus 로고
    • Ice water path estimation and characterization using passive microwave radiometry
    • Vivekanandan, J., J. Turk, and V. N. Bringi, 1991: Ice water path estimation and characterization using passive microwave radiometry. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1407-1421.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.30 , pp. 1407-1421
    • Vivekanandan, J.1    Turk, J.2    Bringi, V.N.3
  • 70
    • 84891647274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of monsoonal thunderstorms in Arizona
    • New Mexico. M.S. thesis., Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, [Available online at.].
    • Wall, C. L., 2009: Characteristics of monsoonal thunderstorms in Arizona and New Mexico. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, 121 pp. [Available online at http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/ref/collection/etd2/id/2142.]
    • (2009) , pp. 121
    • Wall, C.L.1
  • 71
    • 84880903263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A climatology of tropical congestus using CloudSat
    • doi:10.1002/jgrd.50455
    • Wall, C. L., C. Liu, and E. J. Zipser, 2013: A climatology of tropical congestus using CloudSat. J. Geophys. Res., 118, 6478-6492, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50455.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 6478-6492
    • Wall, C.L.1    Liu, C.2    Zipser, E.J.3
  • 72
    • 31144435427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of 3-D clouds on clear-sky reflectance and aerosol retrieval in a biomass burning region of Brazil
    • doi:10.1109/LGRS.2005.861386
    • Wen, G., A. Marshak, and R. F. Cahalan, 2006: Impact of 3-D clouds on clear-sky reflectance and aerosol retrieval in a biomass burning region of Brazil. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 3, 169-172, doi:10.1109/LGRS.2005.861386.
    • (2006) IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 169-172
    • Wen, G.1    Marshak, A.2    Cahalan, R.F.3
  • 73
    • 0002906793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of boundary layer aerosol in the vertical development of precipitation, electrification: Another look at the contrast between lightning over land and over ocean
    • 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, H. J. Christian, Ed., Conf. Publ. 209261, N.ASA
    • Williams, E. R., D. Rosenfeld, N. Madden, C. Labrada, J. Gerlach, and L. Atkinson, 1999: The role of boundary layer aerosol in the vertical development of precipitation and electrification: Another look at the contrast between lightning over land and over ocean. 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, H. J. Christian, Ed., Conf. Publ. 209261, NASA, 754-757.
    • (1999) , pp. 754-757
    • Williams, E.R.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Madden, N.3    Labrada, C.4    Gerlach, J.5    Atkinson, L.6
  • 74
    • 84925662475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD000380
    • Williams, E. R., and Coauthors, 2002: Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: Implications for cloud electrification. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8082, doi:10.1029/2001JD000380.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 8082
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 75
    • 42549098507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of cloud droplet size with aerosol optical depth: An observation and modeling study
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008632
    • Yuan, T., Z. Li, R. Zhang, and J. Fan, 2008: Increase of cloud droplet size with aerosol optical depth: An observation and modeling study. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04201, doi:10.1029/2007JD008632
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Yuan, T.1    Li, Z.2    Zhang, R.3    Fan, J.4
  • 76
    • 79951937220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of aerosol enhancement of lightning activity and convective invigoration
    • doi:10.1029/2010GL046052
    • Yuan, T., L. A. Remer, K. E. Pickering, and H. Yu, 2011a: Observational evidence of aerosol enhancement of lightning activity and convective invigoration. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04701, doi:10.1029/2010GL046052.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • Yuan, T.1    Reme, L.A.2    Pickering, K.E.3    Yu, H.4
  • 77
    • 79960682774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical, macrophysical and radiative signatures of volcanic aerosols in trade wind cumulus observed by the A-Train
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-7119-2011
    • Yuan, T., L. A. Remer, and H. Yu, 2011b: Microphysical, macrophysical and radiative signatures of volcanic aerosols in trade wind cumulus observed by the A-Train. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7119-7132, doi:10.5194/acp-11-7119-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 7119-7132
    • Yuan, T.1    Reme, L.A.2    Yu, H.3
  • 78
    • 84867201595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol indirect effect on tropospheric ozone via lightning
    • doi:10.1029/2012JD017723
    • Yuan, T., and Coauthors, 2012: Aerosol indirect effect on tropospheric ozone via lightning. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18213, doi:10.1029/2012JD017723.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Yuan, T.1
  • 79
    • 2442595535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some views on ''hot towers'' after 50 years of tropical field programs and two years of T. RMM data. Meteor. Monogr.
    • Zipser, E. J., 2003: Some views on ''hot towers'' after 50 years of tropical field programs and two years of TRMM data. Meteor. Monogr., No. 29, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 49-58.
    • (2003) Amer. Meteor. Soc. , Issue.29 , pp. 49-58
    • Zipser, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.