Progestin-only contraceptives: Effects on weight

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2013, Issue 7, 2013, Pages

  Lopez, Laureen M ^a   Edelman, Alison ^b   Chen, Mario ^a   Otterness, Conrad ^a   Trussell, James ^c   Helmerhorst, Frans M ^d  

^a FAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL CIPIONATE; ESTRADIOL CIPIONATE PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORGESTREL; GESTAGEN; LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; NORETHISTERONE; NORETHISTERONE ENANTATE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PLACEBO;

BARRIER CONTRACEPTION; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; BODY WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT CHANGE; BODY WEIGHT GAIN; BODY WEIGHT LOSS; DRUG CAPSULE; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; HUMAN; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; OBESITY; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; WEIGHT GAIN; DRUG EFFECTS;

BODY COMPOSITION; BODY WEIGHT; CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, HORMONAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEVONORGESTREL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; PROGESTINS; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84891640156     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008815.pub3     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Ball MJ, Ashwell E, Gillmer MD. Progestagen-only oral contraceptives: comparison of the metabolic effects of levonorgestrel and norethisterone. Contraception 1991;44(3):223-33.
2. Bonny AE, Secic M, Cromer BA. A longitudinal comparison of body composition changes in adolescent girls receiving hormonal contraception. Journal of Adolescent Health 2009;45(4):423-5.
3. Castle WM, Sapire KE, Howard KA. Efficacy and acceptability of injectable medroxyprogesterone: a comparison of 3-monthly and 6-monthly regimens. South African Medical Journal 1978; Vol. 53, issue 21:842-5.
4. Dal'Ava N, Bahamondes L, Bahamondes MV, de Oliveira Santos A, Monteiro I. Body weight and composition in users of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception 2012;86(4):350-3.
5. Espey E, Steinhart J, Ogburn T, Qualls C. Depo-provera associated with weight gain in Navajo women. Contraception. 2000/12/05 2000; Vol. 62, issue 2:55-8.
6. Moore LL, Valuck R, McDougall C, Fink W. A comparative study of one-year weight gain among users of medroxyprogesterone acetate, levonorgestrel implants, and oral contraceptives. Contraception. 1995/10/01 1995; Vol. 52, issue 4:215-9.
7. Pantoja M, Medeiros T, Baccarin MC, Morais S, Fernandes AM. Variation of weight among users of the contraceptive with depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate according to body mass index in a six-year follow-up. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia 2009; Vol. 31, issue 8:380-4.
8. Pantoja M, Medeiros T, Baccarin MC, Morais SS, Bahamondes L, Fernandes AM. Variations in body mass index of users of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate as a contraceptive. Contraception 2010;81(2):107-11.
9. Salem HT, Abdullah KA, Shaaban MM. Norplant and lactation. The Norplant subdermal contraceptive system. Proceedings of the Symposium on Longterm Subdermal Contraceptive Implants; 1984 February 23-24. Assuit, Egypt: Assiut University, 1984:139-49.
10. Salem HT, Salah M, Aly MY, Thabet AI, Shaaban MM, Fathalla MF. Acceptability of injectable contraceptives in Assiut, Egypt. Contraception. 1988/12/01 1988; Vol. 38, issue 6:697-710.
11. Sivin I, Campodonico I, Kiriwat O, Holma P, Diaz S, Wan L, et al. The performance of levonorgestrel rod and Norplant contraceptive implants: a 5 year randomized study. Human Reproduction. 1999/01/14 1998; Vol. 13, issue 12:3371-8.
12. Sivin I, Viegas O, Campodonico I, Diaz S, Pavez M, Wan L, et al. Clinical performance of a new two-rod levonorgestrel contraceptive implant: a three-year randomized study with Norplant implants as controls. Contraception 1997;55(2):73-80.
13. Sule S, Shittu O. Weight changes in clients on hormonal contraceptives in Saria, Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health 2005;9(2):92-100.
14. Taneepanichskul S, Reinprayoon D, Jaisamrarn U. Effects of DMPA on weight and blood pressure in long term acceptors. Contraception 1999;59(5):301-3.
15. Taneepanichskul S, Reinprayoon D, Khaosaad P. Comparative study of weight change between long-term DMPA and IUD acceptors. Contraception 1998;58(3):149-51.
16. Tankeyoon M, Dusitsin N, Poshyachinda V, Larsson-Cohn U. A study of glucose tolerance, serum transaminase and lipids in women using depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and a combination-type oral contraceptive. Contraception 1976; Vol. 14, issue 2:199-214.
17. Tuchman LK, Huppert JS, Huang B, Slap GB. Adolescent use of the monthly contraceptive injection. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2005; Vol. 18, issue 4:255-60.
18. Jain J, Jakimiuk AJ, Bode FR, Ross D, Kaunitz AM. Contraceptive efficacy and safety of DMPA-SC. Contraception 2004;70(4):269-75.
19. Westhoff C, Jain JK, Milsom I, Ray A. Changes in weight with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous injection 104 mg/0.65 mL. Contraception 2007;75(4):261-7.
20. World Health Organization. Multinational comparative clinical trial of long-acting injectable contraceptives: norethisterone enanthate given in two dosage regimens and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate. A preliminary report. Contraception. 1982/01/01 1982; Vol. 25, issue 1:1-11.
21. World Health Organization. Multinational comparative clinical trial of long-acting injectable contraceptives: norethisterone enanthate given in two dosage regimens and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate. Final report. Contraception. 1983/07/01 1983; Vol. 28, issue 1:1-20.
22. Agoestina T, Biben A. Use of Depo Provera in immediate post partum and lactating period at Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital (1978). Report on file 10.
23. Bahamondes MV, Monteiro I, Castro S, Espejo-Arce X, Bahamondes L. Prospective study of the forearm bone mineral density of long-term users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Human Reproduction 2010;25(5):1158-64.
24. Barsivala V, Virkar K, Kulkarni RD. Thyroid functions of women taking oral contraceptives. Contraception 1974; Vol. 9, issue 3:305-14.
25. Beksinska ME, Smit JA, Kleinschmidt I, Milford C, Farley TM. Prospective study of weight change in new adolescent users of DMPA, NET-EN, COCs, nonusers and discontinuers of hormonal contraception. Contraception 2010;81(1):30-4.
26. Berenson AB, Wiemann CM, Rickerr VI, McCombs SL. Contraceptive outcomes among adolescents prescribed Norplant implants versus oral contraceptives after one year of use. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1997;176(3):586-92.
27. Berenson AB, Rahman M. Changes in weight, total fat, percent body fat, and central-to-peripheral fat ratio associated with injectable and oral contraceptive use. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009/03/04 2009; Vol. 200, issue 3:329 e1-8.
28. Rahman M, Berenson AB. Self-perception of weight gain among multiethnic reproductive-age women. Journal of women's health (2002) 2012;21(3):340-6.
29. Bonny A, Camlin K, Harvey R, Islam KM, Debanne S. Prospective analysis of weight changes in adolescent females initiating depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), oral contraceptive pills (OC), or no hormonal contraceptive method. Journal of Adolescent Health 2003;32(2):134.
30. Bonny AE, Secic M, Cromer BA. Relationship between weight and bone mineral density in adolescents on hormonal contraception. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology 2011;24(1):35-8.
31. Bonny AE, Ziegler J, Harvey R, Debanne SM, Secic M, Cromer BA. Weight gain in obese and nonobese adolescent girls initiating depot medroxyprogesterone, oral contraceptive pills, or no hormonal contraceptive method. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2006/01/04 2006; Vol. 160, issue 1:40-5.
32. Chen J, Wang XJ, Liang Y, Jin Q. [Clinic observation of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system inserted immediately after artificial abortion]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 2011;91(45):3176-8.
33. Clark MK, Dillon JS, Sowers M, Nichols S. Weight, fat mass, and central distribution of fat increase when women use depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception. International Journal of Obesity 2005; Vol. 29, issue 10:1252-8.
34. Clark MK, Sowers MR, Nichols S, Levy B. Bone mineral density changes over two years in first-time users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertility and Sterility. 2004/12/14 2004; Vol. 82, issue 6:1580-6.
35. Costa ML, Cecatti JG, Krupa FG, Rehder PM, Sousa MH, Costa-Paiva L. Progestin-only contraception prevents bone loss in postpartum breastfeeding women. Contraception 2012;85(4):374-80.
36. Dahlberg K. Some effects of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA): observations in the nursing infant and in the long-term user. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 1982; Vol. 20, issue 1:43-8.
37. El Mahgoub S. Body weight and cycle control of injectable contraceptives. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 1980;24(3):119-26.
38. Hall WD, Douglas MB, Blumenstein BA, Hatcher RA. Blood pressure and oral progestational agents. A prospective study of 119 black women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1980;136(3):344-8.
39. Havranek F, Tichy M, Divila F, Hejda V. Experience with the contraceptive effect of Depo-Provera, 300mg and 450mg administered at 6 month intervals [Zkusenosti s antikoncepcni ucinnosti Depo-Provery v davce 300mg a 450mg podanych v intervalech 6 mesicu]. Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie 1972; Vol. 37, issue 2:95-6.
40. Kaunitz AM, Darney PD, Ross D, Wolter KD, Speroff L. Subcutaneous DMPA vs. intramuscular DMPA: a 2-year randomized study of contraceptive efficacy and bone mineral density. Contraception 2009;80(1):7-17.
41. Mangan SA, Larsen PG, Hudson S. Overweight teens at increased risk for weight gain while using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2002; Vol. 15, issue 2:79-82.
42. Olsson SE, Odlind V, Johansson ED, Sivin I. Contraception with NORPLANT implants and NORPLANT-2 implants (two covered rods). Results from a comparative clinical study in Sweden. Contraception. 1988/01/01 1988; Vol. 37, issue 1:61-73.
43. Ortayli N, Bulut A, Sahin T, Sivin I. Immediate postabortal contraception with the levonorgestrel intrauterine device, Norplant, and traditional methods. Contraception 2001;63(6):309-14.
44. Risser WL, Gefter LR, Barratt MS, Risser JM. Weight change in adolescents who used hormonal contraception. Journal of Adolescent Health. 1999/07/13 1999; Vol. 24, issue 6:433-6.
45. Segall-Gutierrez P, Xiang A H, Watanabe R M, Trigo E, Stanczyk F Z, Liu X, et al. Deterioration in cardiometabolic risk markers in obese women during depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use. Contraception 2012;85(1):36-41.
46. World Health Organization. Multinational comparative clinical evaluation of two long-acting injectable contraceptive steroids: noresthisterone oenanthate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. 2. Bleeding patterns and side effects. Contraception. 1978/05/01 1978; Vol. 17, issue 5:395-406.
47. Yela DA, Monteiro IM, Bahamondes LG, Castillo SD, Bahamondes MV. Weight variation in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, of the copper IUD and of medroxyprogesterone acetate in Brazil. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira 2006; Vol. 52, issue 1:32-6.
48. Zheng SR, Zheng HM, Qian SZ, Sang GW, Kaper RF. A randomized multicenter study comparing the efficacy and bleeding pattern of a single-rod (Implanon) and a six-capsule (Norplant) hormonal contraceptive implant. Contraception. 1999/11/05 1999; Vol. 60, issue 1:1-8.
49. Madden TE. Weight Change Among Users of Three Progestin-Only Methods of Contraception over a 12-Month Time Period (BMI). http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01592058 (accessed 07 Feb 2013). [: NCT01592058]
50. Vickery Z, Madden T, Zhao Q, Secura GM, Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Weight change at 12 months in users of three progestin-only contraceptive methods. Contraception. 2013/04/16 2013; Vol. Mar 18:[Epub ahead of print].
51. Bonny A. Drug Exposure and Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) in Adolescent Subjects. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01461824 (accessed 21 Feb 2013).
52. Madden TE. Comparison of Body Composition & Weight Change in Users of Progestin-only Contraception During the First Year of Use (DEXA). http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01579773 (accessed 21 Feb 2013).
53. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG technical bulletin. Use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions. Washington, D.C.: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2006.
54. Amatayakul K, Sivasomboon B, Thanangkul O. A study of the mechanism of weight gain in medroxyprogesterone acetate users. Contraception 1980;22(6):605-22.
55. Bartz D, Goldberg AB. Injectable contraceptives. In: Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Kowal D, Policar MS editor(s). Contraceptive Technology. 20th Edition. New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 2011:209-36.
56. Berenson AB, Odom SD, Breitkopf CR, Rahman M. Physiologic and psychologic symptoms associated with use of injectable contraception and 20 g oral contraceptive pills. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008/07/05 2008; Vol. 199, issue 4:351e1-12.
57. Bonny AE, Britto MT, Huang B, Succop P, Slap GB. Weight gain, adiposity, and eating behaviors among adolescent females on depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2004;17(2):109-15.
58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Defining Overweight and Obesity. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/defining.html (accessed 19 Dec 2012).
59. Chin JR, Swamy GK, Ostbye T, Bastian LA. Contraceptive use by obese women 1 year postpartum. Contraception. 2009/10/20 2009; Vol. 80, issue 5:463-8.
60. Curtis KM, Ravi A, Gaffield ML. Progestogen-only contraceptive use in obese women. Contraception. 2009/09/16 2009; Vol. 80, issue 4:346-54.
61. Edelman AB. Contraceptive considerations in obese women. Contraception 2009;80(6):583-90.
62. Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care Clinical Effectiveness Unit. New product review (April 2003) desogestrel-only pill (Cerazette). Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 2003;29(3):162-4.
63. Flegal KM, Troiano RP. Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2000;24(7):807-18.
64. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA 2012;307(5):491-7.
65. Feminist Women's Health Center. Mini-pills (progesterone-only oral contraceptives). http://www.fwhc.org/birth-control/minipill.htm (accessed 15 Jun 2010).
66. Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Schulz KF, Helmerhorst FM. Combination contraceptives: effects on weight. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 9. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003987.pub4]
67. Grimes DA, Shields WC. Family planning for obese women: challenges and opportunities. Contraception 2005;72(1):1-4.
68. Grimes DA, Lopez LM, Manion C, Schulz KF. Cochrane systematic reviews of IUD trials: lessons learned. Contraception 2007;75(6 Suppl):S55-9.
69. Grimes DA, Lopez LM, O'Brien PA, Raymond EG. Progestin-only pills for contraception. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007541]
70. Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, (accessed 24 October 2012).
71. Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006133.pub4]
72. Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Chen-Mok M, Westhoff C, Edelman A, Helmerhorst FM. Hormonal contraceptives for contraception in overweight or obese women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008452.pub3]
73. Najjar MF, Rowland M. Anthropometric reference data and prevalence of overweight, United States, 1976-80. Vital Health Stat 11 1987; Vol. 238:1-73.
74. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, McDowell MA, Flegal KM. Obesity among adults in the United States - no change since 2003-2004. NCHS data brief no 1. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics, 2007.
75. Paul C, Skegg DC, Williams S. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation. Contraception. 1997/12/31 1997; Vol. 56, issue 4:209-14.
76. Pelkman CL, Chow M, Heinback RA, Rolls BJ. Short-term effects of a progestional contraceptive drug on food intake, resting energy expenditure, and body weight in young women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001;73(1):19-26.
77. Prentice AM. The emerging epidemic of obesity in developing countries. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006;35(1):93-9.
78. Raymond EG. Progestin-only pills. In: Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W Jr, Kowal D, Policar MS editor(s). Contraceptive technology. 20th Edition. New York: Ardent Media, Inc., 2011:237-47.
79. Schraudenbach A, McFall S. Contraceptive use and contraception type in women by body mass index category. Womens Health Issues. 2009/11/03 2009; Vol. 19, issue 6:381-9.
80. Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering. Lancet 2002;359(9306):614-8.
81. Sivin I. Risks and benefits, advantages and disadvantages of levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants. Drug Safety. 2003/03/26 2003; Vol. 26, issue 5:303-35.
82. Strauss SE, Richardson WS, Glasziou P, Haynes RB. Evidence-based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. Third Edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
83. Trussell J, Schwarz EB, Guthrie K. Obesity and oral contraceptive pill failure. Contraception 2009;79(5):334-8.
84. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Contraceptive Use - 2011. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2011/contraceptive2011.htm (accessed 21 Feb 2013).
85. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandebroucke JP for the STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 2007;370(9596):1453-7.
86. WebMD Progestin-only hormonal methods (mini-pills, implants, and shots). http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/progestin-only-hormonal-methods-mini-pills-shots (accessed 15 Jun 2010).
87. World Health Organization. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. Fourth edition. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/family_planning/9789241563888/en/index.html (accessed 16 Feb 2011).