Implementing frailty into clinical practice: A cautionary tale

Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

Volumn 68, Issue 12 A, 2013, Pages 1505-1511

  Sourial, Nadia ^a   Bergman, Howard ^a,b,c   Karunananthan, Sathya ^a,b   Wolfson, Christina ^b,d   Payette, Hélène ^e   Gutierrez Robledo, Luis Miguel ^f   Béland, François ^a,c   Fletcher, John D ^a   Guralnik, Jack ^g,h  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTRE   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF GERIATRICS OF SHERBROOKE   (Canada)

^f INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE GERIATRÍA   (Mexico)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^h NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Frailty; Functional performance; Outcomes; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; CANADA; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISABILITY; DISABLED PERSON; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; FRAILTY; FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; OUTCOMES.; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; CLINICAL TRIAL; PROCEDURES; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

EPIDEMIOLOGY; FRAILTY; FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE; OUTCOMES.; RISK FACTORS;

AGED; CANADA; CHRONIC DISEASE; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; DISABILITY EVALUATION; DISABLED PERSONS; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84891619909     PISSN: 10795006     EISSN: 1758535X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt053     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bergman H, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J, et al. Frailty: an emerging research and clinical paradigm-issues and controversies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:731-737.
2. Rodríguez-Mañas L, Féart C, Mann G, et al. Searching for an operational definition of frailty: a Delphi method based consensus statement: the frailty operative definition-consensus conference project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68:62-67.
3. Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Taylor BC, et al. Frailty and risk of falls, fracture, and mortality in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:744-751.
4. Woods NF, LaCroix AZ, Gray SL, et al. Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1321-1330.
5. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M146-M156.
6. Ravaglia G, Forti P, Lucicesare A, Pisacane N, Rietti E, Patterson C. Development of an easy prognostic score for frailty outcomes in the aged. Age Ageing. 2008;37:161-166.
7. Rockwood K, Mitnitski A, Song X, Steen B, Skoog I. Long-term risks of death and institutionalization of elderly people in relation to deficit accumulation at age 70. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:975-979.
8. Rothman MD, Leo-Summers L, Gill TM. Prognostic significance of potential frailty criteria. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:2211-2116.
9. Kiely DK, Cupples LA, Lipsitz LA. Validation and comparison of two frailty indexes: the MOBILIZE Boston Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:1532-1539.
10. Morley JE, Malmstrom TK, Miller DK. A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:601-608.
11. Forti P, Rietti E, Pisacane N, Olivelli V, Maltoni B, Ravaglia G. A comparison of frailty indexes for prediction of adverse health outcomes in an elderly cohort. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;54:16-20.
12. Vellas B, Cestac P, Moley JE. Implementing frailty into clinical practice: we cannot wait. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:599-600.
13. Cohen J, Cohen P. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1983.
14. Shmueli G, Koppius O. The challenge of prediction in information systems research. Robert H. Smith School Research No. RHS 06-152. Retrieved from Social Science Research Network (abstract 1112893); April 10, 2009.
15. Ware JH. The limitations of risk factors as prognostic tools. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2615-2617.
16. Wald NJ, Hackshaw AK, Frost CD. When can a risk factor be used as a worthwhile screening test? BMJ. 1999 319 1562-1565
17. Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Taylor BC, et al. Comparison of 2 frailty indexes for prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and death in older women. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:382-389.
18. Carrière I, Colvez A, Favier F, Jeandel C, Blain H, EPIDOS study group. Hierarchical components of physical frailty predicted incidence of dependency in a cohort of elderly women. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:1180-1187.
19. Afilalo J, Eisenberg MJ, Morin JF, et al. Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1668-1676.
20. Afilalo J, Mottillo S, Eisenberg MJ, et al. Addition of frailty and disability to cardiac surgery risk scores identifies elderly patients at high risk of mortality or major morbidity. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012;5:222-228.
21. Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210:901-908.
22. Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, et al. Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA. 2011;305:50-58.
23. Freiheit EA, Hogan DB, Eliasziw M, et al. Development of a frailty index for patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:1526-1531.
24. Freiheit EA, Hogan DB, Strain LA, et al. Operationalizing frailty among older residents of assisted living facilities. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11:23.
25. Beatty AL, Schiller NB, Whooley MA. Six-minute walk test as a prognostic tool in stable coronary heart disease: data from the heart and soul study. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1096-1102.
26. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, D'Agostino RB Jr, Vasan RS. Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med. 2008;27:157-172.
27. Rockwood K, Bergman H. FRAILTY: A Report from the 3(rd) Joint Workshop of IAGG/WHO/SFGG, Athens, January 2012. Can Geriatr J. 2012;15:31-36.
28. Abellan van Kan G, Rolland Y, Bergman H, Morley JE, Kritchevsky SB, Vellas B. The I.A.N.A Task Force on frailty assessment of older people in clinical practice. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12:29-37.
29. Cornoni-Huntley J, Ostfeld AM, Taylor JO, et al. Established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly: study design and methodology. Aging (Milano). 1993;5:27-37.
30. Katz S. Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983;31:721-727.
31. Bergman H. The Canadian initiative on frailty and aging. Aging Clin ExpRes. 2003;15:1-2.
32. Sourial N, Wolfson C, Bergman H, et al. A correspondence analysis revealed frailty deficits aggregate and are multidimensional. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:647-654.
33. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29-36.
34. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. A goodness-of-fit test for the multiple logistic regression model. Comm Stat. 1980;10:1043-1069.
35. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:837-845.
36. Rubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York, NY: Wiley; 1987.
37. Fairhall N, Aggar C, Kurrle SE, et al. Frailty Intervention Trial (FIT). BMC Geriatr. 2008;8:27.
38. Theou O, Stathokostas L, Roland KP, et al. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for the management of frailty: a systematic review. J Aging Res. 2011;2011:569194.
39. Siontis GC, Tzoulaki I, Ioannidis JP. Predicting death: an empirical evaluation of predictive tools for mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1721-1726.
40. Grady D, Berkowitz SA. Why is a good clinical prediction rule so hard to find? Arch Intern Med. 2011 171 1701-1702