The type F6 neurotoxin gene cluster locus of group II Clostridium botulinum has evolved by successive disruption of two different ancestral precursors

Genome Biology and Evolution

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1032-1037

  Carter, Andrew T ^a   Stringer, Sandra C ^a   Webb, Martin D ^a   Peck, Michael W ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF FOOD RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin gene; Genome comparison; Horizontal gene transfer; Synteny

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN; BOTULINUM TOXIN B; BOTULINUM TOXIN F; DNA TOPOISOMERASE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE III; TRANSPOSON;

ARTICLE; BOTULINUM TOXIN GENE; BOTULISM; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE E; GENETICS; GENOME COMPARISON; HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PATHOGENICITY; PHYLOGENY; SYNTENY; TRANSPOSON;

BOTULINUM TOXIN GENE; GENOME COMPARISON; HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER; SYNTENY;

BASE SEQUENCE; BOTULINUM TOXINS; BOTULISM; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE E; DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I; DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENE TRANSFER, HORIZONTAL; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PHYLOGENY;

EID: 84891463591     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17596653     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt068     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Austin JW, Dodds LK. 2000. Clostridium botulinum. In: Hui, YH, Pierson, MD, Gorham, JR, editors. Foodborne disease handbook. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 107-138.
2. Blakely G, et al. 1993. Two related recombinases are required for sitespecific recombination at dif and cer in E. coli K12. Cell 75:351-361.
3. Boratyn GM, et al. 2012. Domain enhanced lookup time accelerated BLAST. Biol Direct. 7:12.
4. Carter AT, et al. 2009. Independent evolution of neurotoxin and flagellar genetic loci in proteolytic Clostridium botulinum. BMC Genomics 10:115.
5. Carter AT, et al. 2011. Complete genome sequence of the proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type A5 (B3') strain H04402 065. J Bacteriol. 193:2351-2352.
6. Carver TJ, et al. 2005. ACT: the Artemis Comparison Tool. Bioinformatics 21:3422-3423.
7. Chain P S G, et al. 2009. Genomics. Genome project standards in a new era of sequencing. Science 326:236-237.
8. Dover N, Barash JR, Hill KK, Detter JC, Arnon SS. 2011. Novel structural elements within the non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type F toxin gene cluster. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77:1904-1906.
9. Fall S, et al. 2007. Horizontal gene transfer regulation in bacteria as a "spandrel" of DNA repair mechanisms. PLoS One 2:e1055.
10. Franciosa G, Maugliani A, Scalfaro C, Aureli P. 2009. Evidence that plasmid-borne botulinum neurotoxin type B genes are widespread among Clostridium botulinum serotype B strains. PLoS One 4:e4829.
11. Hielm S, Björkroth J, Hyytiä E, Korkeala H. 1998. Genomic analysis of Clostridium botulinum Group II by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 64:703-708.
12. Hill KK, et al. 2007. Genetic diversity among botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridial strains. J Bacteriol. 189:818-832.
13. Hill KK, et al. 2009. Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F and Clostridium butyricum type E strains. BMC Biol. 7:66.
14. Macdonald TE, et al. 2011. Analysis of Clostridium botulinum serotype E strains by using multilocus sequence typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism, variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, and botulinum neurotoxin gene sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77:8625-8634.
15. Peck MW. 2006. Clostridium botulinum and the safety of minimally heated chilled foods: an emerging issue? J Appl Microbiol. 101:556-570.
16. Peck MW. 2009. Biology and genomic analysis of Clostridium botulinum. Adv Microb Physiol. 55:183-265.
17. Peck MW, et al. 2010. Development and application of a new method for specific and sensitive enumeration of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E and F in foods and food materials. Appl Environ Microbiol. 76:6607-6614.
18. Peck MW, Stringer SC, Carter AT. 2011. Clostridium botulinum in the post-genomic era. Food Microbiol. 28:183-191.
19. Raphael BH, Choudoir MJ, Lúquez C, Fernández R, Maslanka SE. 2010. Sequence diversity of genes encoding botulinum neurotoxin type F. Appl Environ Microbiol. 76:4805-4812.
20. Raphael BH, et al. 2012. Analysis of a unique Clostridium botulinum strain from the Southern hemisphere producing a novel type E botulinum neurotoxin subtype. BMC Microbiol. 12:245.
21. Sebaihia M, et al. 2007. Genome sequence of a proteolytic (Group I) Clostridium botulinum strain Hall A and comparative analysis of the clostridial genomes. Genome Res. 17:1082-1092.
22. Simpson JT, et al. 2009. ABySS: a parallel assembler for short read sequence data. Genome Res. 19:1117-11230.
23. Smith TJ, et al. 2005. Sequence variation within botulinum neurotoxin serotypes impacts antibody binding and neutralization. Infect Immun. 73:5450-5457.
24. Stringer SC, et al. 2013. Genomic and physiological variability within Group II (non-proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum. BMC Genomics 14:333.
25. Terilli RR, et al. 2011. A historical and proteomic analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type/G. BMC Microbiol. 11:232.
26. Tian RM, et al. 2011. The complete genome sequence of Clostridium botulinum F str. 230613, insertion sites, and recombination of BoNT gene clusters. Genome 54:546-554.