Promoting community resilience in disasters: The role for schools, youth, and families

Promoting Community Resilience in Disasters: The Role for Schools, Youth, and Families

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-210

  Ronan, Kevin R ^a   Johnston, David M ^b  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^b GNS SCIENCE   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891458906     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/b102725     Document Type: Book

References (299)

1. Adams, J. (1995). Risk. London: UCL press.
2. Aldwin, C. M. (1994). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. New York: Guilford.
3. Alexander, D. (1992). Natural disasters: a framework for research and teaching. Disasters, 15, 209-224.
4. Alexander, D. (2000). Scenario methodology for teaching principles of emergency management. Disaster Prevention and Management, 9, 89-97.
5. Allen, R. D., & Rosse, W. (1998). Children's response to exposure to traumatic events. Quick Response Report No. 103. Boulder, CO: Natural Hazards Center.
6. Almqvist, K., & Brandell-Forsberg, M. (1997). Refugee children in sweden: Post-traumatic stress disorder in Iranian children exposed to organised violence. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, 351-366.
7. Amaya-Jackson, L., Reynolds, V., Murray, M. C, McCarthy, G., Nelson, A., & Cherney, M. S., et al. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: Protocol and application in school and community settings. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 10, 204-213.
8. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1998). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(10 Suppl.), 4S-26S.
9. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2000). Helping children after a disaster (Facts for Families: Number 36). http://www.aacap.org/ publications/factsfam/disaster.htm
10. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
11. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author.
12. Amir, M., & Lev-Wiesel, R. (2003). Time does not heal all wounds: Quality of life and psychological distress of people who survived the holocaust as children 55 years later. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 295-299.
13. Anderson, J. (1987). Learning from Mount St Helens: catastrophic events as education opportunities. Journal of Geography, 229-233.
14. Applied Research and Consulting LLC, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, & New York State Psychiatric Institute. (2002). Effects of the World Trade Center attacks on New York City public school children: Initial report to the New York City Board of Education. New York: Authors.
15. Bailey, S., & Woodcock, J. (2003). Mt Rainier - a small event equals a public relations nightmare. Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes 3 conference, Hilo, Hawaii, July 14-18, 2003.
16. Ballantyne, M., Paton, D., Johnston, D., Kozuch, M., & Daly, M. (2000). Information on volcanic and earthquake hazards: The impact on awareness and preparation. (Science Report No. 2000/2). Wellington: Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences.
17. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
18. Baron, J., Hershey, J. C, & Kunreuther, H. (2000). Determinants of priority for risk reduction: The role of worry. Risk Analysis, 20, 413-427.
19. Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1996). Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 333-342.
20. Barton, A. H. (1969). Communities in disaster: A sociological analysis of collective stress situations. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co.
21. Bates, F. L., Dynes R., & Quarantelli, E. L. (1990). The importance of the social sciences to the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Disasters, 15, 288-289.
22. Beggs, J. J., Haines, V. A., & Hurlbert, J. S. (1996). Situational contingencies surrounding the receipt of informal support. Social Forces, 75, 201-222.
23. Beggs, J. Haines, V., & Hurlbert, J. (1996). The effects of personal network and local community contacts on the receipt of formal aid during disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 7, 57-78.
24. Ben-Zur, H. (2002). Coping, affect and aging: The roles of mastery and self-esteem. Personality & Individual Differences, 32, 357-372.
25. Bernard, E. (2005). The U. S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program: a successful state-federal partnership. Natural Hazards, 35, 1-4.
26. Blong, R. J. 1984. Volcanic Hazards: A sourcebook on the effects of eruptions. Academic Press, Australia.
27. Bolin, R. C. (1998). The Northridge earthquake: Vulnerability and disaster. London: Routledge.
28. Bourque, L. B., Shoaf, K. I., & Nguyen, L. H. (1997). Survey research. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 15, 71-101.
29. Braswell, L., Kendall, P. C, Braith, J., Carey, M. P., & Vye, C. S. (1985). "Involvement" in cognitivebehavioral therapy with children: Process and its relationship to outcome. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 611-630.
30. Britton, N. R. (1986). Developing an understanding of disasters. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 22, 254-271.
31. Britton, N. R., & Lindsay, J. (1995). Integrating city planning and emergency preparedness: some of the reasons why. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 13, 93-106.
32. Burby, R. J., & French, S. P. (1980). The U. S. Experience in Managing Flood Plain Land Use. Disasters: The International Journal of Disaster Studies and Practice, 4, 451-457.
33. Burby, R. J., Deyle, R. E., Godschalk, D. R., & Olshansky, R. B. (2000). Creating hazard resilient communities through land-use planning. Natural Hazards Review, 1, 99-106.
34. Burns, W. J., Slovic, P., Kasperson, R. E., Kasperson, J. X., Renn, O., & Emani, S. (1993). Incorporating structural models into research on social amplification of risk: implications for theory construction and decision making. Risk Analysis, 13, 611-623.
35. Burton, I., Kates, R. W, & White, G. F (1978). The Environment as hazard. New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Bye, P., & Horner, M. (1998). Easter 1998 floods: Report by the independent review team to the board of the Environment Agency. Bristol: Environment Agency.
37. Cas, R. A. F., & Wright, J. V. (1987). Volcanic successions: modern and ancient. Chapman and Hall, London.
38. Chemtob, C. M, Nakashima, J., & Carlson, J. G. (2002). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A field study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 99-112.
39. Chemtob, C. M., Nakashima, J. P., & Hamada, R. S. (2002). Psychosocial intervention for postdisaster trauma symptoms in elementary school children: A controlled community field study. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 156(3), 211-217.
40. Chu, B., & Kendall, P. C. (in press). Positive association of child involvement and treatment outcome within a manual-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxious youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
41. Clarke, L. B. (1989). Acceptable risk? Making decisions in a toxic environment. Berkeley: University of California Press.
42. Clarke, L. B. (1999). Mission improbable: Using fantasy documents to tame disaster. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
43. Clarkin, J. F. & Levy, K. N. (2004). The influence of client variables on psychotherapy. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed). New York: Wiley.
44. Cobham, V. E., Dadds, M. R., & Spence, S. H., (1998). The role of parental anxiety in the treatment of childhood anxiety. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66, 893-905.
45. Cohen, J. A., Berliner, L., & Mannarino, A. P. (2000). Treating traumatized children: A research review and synthesis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse: A Review Journal, 1, 29-46.
46. Cohen, J. A., Berliner, L., & Mannarino, A. P. (2003). Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for child crime victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 175-186.
47. Cohen, J. A., Berliner, L., & March, J. S. (2000). Treatment of children and adolescents. In E. B. Foa & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. New York: Guilford Press.
48. Cook, J. D., & Bickman, L. (1990). Social support and psychological symptomatology following a natural disaster. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 541-556.
49. Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
50. Crandell, D. R., & Mullineaux, D. R. (1978). Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington. U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1383-C.
51. Cuny, F. C. (1983). Disasters and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52. Curtis, N. M., Ronan, K. R., & Borduin, C. (2004). Multisystemic Treatment: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 411-419.
53. Cushing, E., & Kohl, E. (1997). Allies for education - Community involvement in school change: A two year exploration. San Francisco: San Francisco School Volunteers and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
54. Cutter, S. L. (Ed.) (2001). American hazardscapes: the regionalization of hazards and disasters. Joseph Henry Press: Washington, DC.
55. Dadds, M. R. (2002). Learning and intimacy in the families of anxious children. In R. J. McMahon & R. DeV. Peters (Eds.), Effects of parental dysfunction on children. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
56. Dadds, M. R., Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., & Ryan, S. (1996). Family process and child anxiety and aggression: An observational analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 715-734.
57. Davis, M. S. (1989). Living along the fault line: An update on earthquake awareness and preparedness in Southern California. Urban Resources, 5, 8-14.
58. Davison, G. (2000). Stepped care: Doing more with less? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 580-585.
59. De Man, A., & Simpson-Housley, P. (1987). Factors in perception of earthquake hazard. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 64, 815-820.
60. Dooley, D., Catalano, R., Mishra, S., & Serxner, S. (1992). Earthquake preparedness: Predictors in a community survey. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 451-470.
61. Drabek, T. E. (1985). Managing the emergency response. Public Administration Review, 45, 85-92.
62. Drabek, T. E. (1986). Hazard perceptions. In Human System Responses to Disaster: An Inventory of Sociological Findings. New York: Springer-Verlag.
63. Drabek, T. E. (1986). Human system responses to disasters: An inventory of sociological findings. New York: Springer-Verlag.
64. Drabek, T. E., & Hoetmer, G. J. (Eds.) (1991). Emergency Management: principles and practice for local government. Municipal Management Series, International City Management Association, 368.
65. Drabek, T. E., & Key, W. H. (1984). Conquering disaster: Family recovery and long-term consequences. New York: Irvington Publishers.
66. Durand, M., Gordon, K., Johnston, D., Lorden, R., Poirot, T., & Scott, J., et al. (2001). Impacts of, and responses to ashfall in Kagoshima from Sakurajima Volcano: Lessons for New Zealand. Lower Hutt, N. Z.: Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited (Science Report No. 2001/30).
67. Dynes, R. R. (1994). Community emergency planning: false assumptions and inappropriate analogies. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 12, 141-158.
68. Endo, R., & Neilsen, J. (1979). Social responses to natural hazard predictions. Western Sociological Review, 10, 59-69.
69. Epstein, J. L., Coates, L., Salinas, K. C, Sanders, M. G., & Simon, B. (1997). School, family, community partnerships: Your handbook for action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
70. Epstein, J. L., Sanders, M. G., Simon, B. S., Salinas, K. C, Jansorn, N. R., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2002). School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
71. Erickson, N. J. (1975). Scenario methodology in natural hazards research. Program on Technology, Environment and Man Monograph 34. University of Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science.
72. Everly, G. S., Boyle, S. H., & Lating, J. M. (1999). The effectiveness of psychological debriefing with vicarious trauma: A meta-analysis. Stress Medicine, 15, 229-233.
73. Everly, G. S., Flannery, R. B., & Eyler, V. A. (2002). Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): A statistical review of the literature. Psychiatric Quarterly, 73, 171-182.
74. Farley, J. E. (1998). Earthquake fears, predictions, and preparations in mid-America. Carbondale (IL): Southern Illinois University.
75. Farley, J. E., Barlow, H. D., Finkelstein, M. S., & Riley, L. (1993). Earthquake hysteria, before and after: a survey and follow-up on public response to the Browning Forecast. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 11, 305-321.
76. Faupel, C. E., & Styles, S. P. (1993). Disaster education, household preparedness and stress responses following Hurricane Hugo. Environment and Behavior, 25, 228-249.
77. Feather, J., & Ronan, K. R. (2005). Cognitive behavioral intervention for PTSD in youth: A series of multiple baseline evaluations. Manuscript in preparation.
78. FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) (2002, September). Are you ready?: A guide to citizen preparedness. Washington DC: FEMA (Publication H-34).
79. FEMA (1998). Emergency preparedness USA. Federal Emergency Management Agency and Emergency Management Institute IS-2, June 1998.
80. Finnis, K., Standring, S., Johnston, D., & Ronan, K. (2004). Children's understanding of natural hazards in Christchurch, New Zealand. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 19, 11-20.
81. Fisher, R. V., & Schmincke, H. V. (1984). Pyroclastic rocks. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
82. Flannery-Schroeder, E. C, & Kendall, P. C. (2000). Group and individual cognitive-behavioral treatments for youth with anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 24, 251-278.
83. Flin, R. (1996). Sitting in the hot seat: Leaders and teams for critical incident management. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
84. Frederick, C, Pynoos, R., & Nader, K. (1992). Childhood Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index. Unpublished copyrighted instrument for measuring childhood trauma levels. Authors.
85. Gaddy, G. D., & Tanjong, E. (1987). Earthquake coverage by the Western press. Journal of Communication, 36, 105-112.
86. Galea, S., Boscarino, J., Resnick, H., & Vlahov, D. (2002). Mental health in New York City after the September 11 terrorist attacks: Results from two population surveys. In R. W Manderscheid & M. J. Henderson (Eds.), Mental Health, United States, 2002. Washington, DC: U. S. Government Print Office.
87. Galley, I., Balm, R., Paton, D., & Johnston, D. (2004). The Ruapehu Lahar Emergency Development Plan process: an analysis. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies. Online Journal (http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/)
88. Garcia, E. M. (1989). Earthquake preparedness in California: A survey of Irvine residents. Urban Resources, 5, 15-19.
89. Gilbert, D. T., & Silvera, D. H. (1996). Overhelping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 678-690.
90. Girling-Butcher, R., & Ronan, K. R. (2002). The Coping Kiwi treatment manual. Massey University: Authors.
91. Girling-Butcher, R., & Ronan, K. R. (2005). & Ronan, K. R. (2004). Effectiveness of brief CBT intervention for youth and parents: A multiple baseline study. Manuscript in preparation.
92. Gist, R. (2002). What have they done to my song? Social science, social movements, and the debriefing debates. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 9, 273-279.
93. Gist, R., & Devilly, G. J. (2002). Post-trauma debriefing: the road too frequently travelled. Lancet, 360, 741-742.
94. Goenjian, A. K., Karayan, I., Pynoos, R. S., Minassian, D., Najarian, L. M., & Steinberg, A. M., et al. (1997). Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 536-542.
95. Goodwin, R. D., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2004). Panic attacks and the risk of depression among young adults in the community. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 73, 158-165.
96. Gori, P. L. (1993). The social dynamics of a false earthquake prediction and the response by the public sector. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 83, 963-980.
97. Green, C. H., Tunstall, S. M., & Fordham, M. H. (1992). The risk from flooding: which risks and whose perception? Disasters, 15, 227-236.
98. Gregg, C. E., Houghton, B. F, Johnston, D. M., Paton, D., & Swanson, D. A. (2004). The perception of volcanic risk in Kona Communities from Mauna Loa and Hualâlai volcanoes, Hawai'i. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 130, 179-196.
99. Gregg, C. E., Houghton, B. F, Johnston, D. M., Paton, D., & Swanson, D. A. (2005). Community preparedness for lava flows from Mauna Loa and Hualâlai volcanoes, Kona, Hawai'i. Bulletin of Volcanology, 66, 531-540.
100. Griffin, M. G., Resick, P. A., Waldrop, A. E., & Mechanic, M. B. (2003). Participation in trauma research: Is there evidence of harm? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 221-227.
101. Gurwitch, R. H., Sitterle, K. A., Young, B. H., & Pfefferbaum, B. (2002). The aftermath of terrorism. In A. M. LaGreca, W K. Silverman, E. M. Vernberg, & M. C. Roberts (Eds.), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
102. Haaga, D. A. F (2000). Introduction to the special section on stepped care models in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 547-548.
103. Haddow, G. D., & Bullock, J. A. (2003). Introduction to emergency management. New York: Butterworth Heinemann (Elsevier).
104. Handmer, J. (2001). Improved flood warnings in Europe: a research and policy agendas. Environmental Hazards, 3, 19-28.
105. Handmer, J. (2002). Flood warning reviews in North America and Europe: statements and silence. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 17(3), 17-24.
106. Hengeller, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., & Cunningham, P. B. (1998). Multisystemic treatment of antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.
107. Hinshaw, S. P., March, J. S., & Abikoff, H. (1997). Comprehensive assessment of childhood attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder in the context of a multisite, multimodal clinical trial. Journal of Attention Disorders, 1, 217-234.
108. Hiroi, O., Mikami, S., & Miyata, K. (1985). A study of mass media reporting in emergencies. International Journal of Mass Emergencies, 3, 21-49.
109. Hoblitt, R. P., Walder, J. S., Driedger, C. L., Scott, K. M., Pringle, P. T., & Vallance, J. W. (1998). Volcano hazards from Mount Rainier, Washington, Revised 1998. U. S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report (98-428).
110. Hock, E., Hart, M., Kang, M. J., & Lutz, WJ. (2004). Predicting children's reactions to terrorist attacks: the importance of self-reports and preexisting characteristics. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74, 253-262.
111. Huzziff, C. A., & Ronan, K. R. (1999). Prediction of children's coping following a natural disaster-the Mount Ruapehu eruptions: A prospective study. Australasian Journal of Disaster & Trauma Studies, 3 (1) (http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/).
112. Huzziff, C. A., & Ronan, K. R. (2005). Meta-analysis of CBT intervention for childhood anxiety. Massey University: Unpublished manuscript.
113. Huzziff, C. A., & Ronan, K. R. (2005). Brief exposure based treatment of anxiety in youth: A series of single case studies. Manuscript submitted for publication.
114. Jackson, E. L. (1977). Public response to earthquake hazard. California Geology, 30, 278-280.
115. Jackson, E. L. (1981). Response to earthquake hazard: The West Coast of North America. Environment and Behavior, 13, 387-416.
116. Jackson, E. L., & Mukerjee, T. (1974). Human adjustment to the earthquake hazard of San Francisco, CA. In G. F. White (Ed.), Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global. New York: Oxford University Press.
117. Johnson, H. R., Thompson, M. J. J., & Wilkinson, S. (2002). Vulnerability to bullying: Teacherreported conduct and emotional problems, hyperactivity, peer relationship difficulties, and prosocial behaviour in primary school children. Educational Psychology, 22, 553-556.
118. Johnston, D., Driedger, C, Houghton, B., Ronan, K., & Paton, D. (2001). Children's risk perceptions and preparedness: a hazard assessment in four communities around Mount Rainier, USA-preliminary results. Lower Hutt, N. Z.: Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences. (Science Report No. 2001/02).
119. Johnston, D., Paton, D., Crawford, G., Ronan, K., Houghton, B., & Büergelt, P. (2005). Measuring tsunami preparedness in coastal Washington, United States. Natural Hazards, 35, 173-184.
120. Johnston, D., Paton, D., Driedger, C, Houghton, B., & Ronan, K., (2001). Student perceptions of hazards at four schools near Mount Rainier, Washington, USA. Journal of the American Society of Professional Emergency Planners, 8, 41-51.
121. Johnston, D., & Ronan, K. (2000). Risk education and intervention. In H. Sigurdsson, B. Houghton, S. R. McNutt, H. Rymer & J. Stix (Eds.), Encyclopedia of volcanoes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
122. Johnston, D. M. (1997). The impact of recent falls of volcanic ash on public utilities in two communities in the United States of America. Lower Hutt, N. Z.: Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (Science Report, No. 1997/5).
123. Johnston, D. M., Houghton, B. F, Neall, V. E., Ronan, K. R., & Paton, D. (2000). Impacts of the 1945 and 1995-1996 Ruapehu eruptions, New Zealand: an example of increasing societal vulnerability. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112, 720-726.
124. Johnston, D. M., Paton, D., & Houghton, B. (1999). Volcanic hazard management: Promoting integration and communication. In J. Ingleton, (Ed.), Natural Disaster Management. Leicester, England: Tudor Rose.
125. Kadet, A. (2002). Good grief! Smart Money, 11, 109-114.
126. Kartez, J. D., & Lindell, M. K. (1987). Planning for uncertainty: The case of local disaster planning. American Planning Association Journal, 53, 487-498.
127. Kartez, J. D., & Lindell, M. K. (1990). Adaptive planning for community disaster response. In R. T. Sylves, & W. L. Waugh, (Eds.) Cities and Disaster: North American Studies in Emergancy Management. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
128. Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., & Goble, R., et al. (1988). The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 8, 177-187.
129. Kazantzis, N., Deane, F. P., & Ronan, K. R. (2000). Homework assignments in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 7, 189-202.
130. Kazantzis, N., Ronan, K. R., & Deane, F. P. (2001). Concluding causation from correlation: Comment on Burns and Spangler (2000). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1079-1083.
131. Kazdin, A. E. (1998). Research design in clinical psychology (3rd edition). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
132. Kazdin, A. E. (2004). Psychotherapy for children and adolescents. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change (5th edition). New York: Wiley.
133. Kendall, P. C. (1994). Treating anxiety disorders in children - Results of a randomized clinical-trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 100-110.
134. Kendall, P. C, Chansky, T. E., Kane, M. T, Kim R., Korlander, E., & Ronan, K. R., et al. (1992). Anxiety disorders in youth: Cognitive-behavioral interventions. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
135. Kendall, P. C, Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M. (1997). Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 366-380.
136. KPFF (2003). Orting Bridge for Kids Executive Summary: To the type, size, and location feasibility study. Report prepared for Pierce County Department of Public Works and Utilities and State of Washington, Military Department Emergency Management Division. KPFF Project No. 103273. 10, December 5.
137. Kreps, G. A. (1991). Organizing for emergency management. In T. E. Drabek, & G. J., Hoetmer, (Eds.) Emergency management: Principles and practice for local government. Washington, DC: International City Management Association.
138. Kumpfer, K. L. (1999). Factors and processes contributing to resilience: The resilience framework. In M. D. Glantz, & J. L. Johnson, (Eds.), Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations longitudinal research in the social and behavioral sciences. Dordfecht: Kluwer.
139. Kunreuther, H. (1993). Earthquake insurance as a hazard reduction strategy: The case of the homeowner. In Committee on Socioeconomic Impacts (Ed.), 1993 National earthquake conference: Socioeconomic impacts. Memphis: Central United States Earthquake Consortium.
140. Kunreuther, H., Ginsburg, R., Miller, L., Sagi, P., Slovic, P., & Borkan, B., et al. (1978). Disaster insurance protection: Public policy lessons. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
141. Kunreuther, H., Novemsky, N., & Kahneman, D. (2001). Making low probabilities useful. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 23, 103-120.
142. La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., Vernberg, E. M., & Prinstein, M. J. (1996). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in children after Hurricane Andrew: A prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 712-723.
143. La Greca, A. M., Vernberg, E. M., Silverman, W. K., Vogel, A. L., & Prinstein, M. J. (1994). Helping children prepare for and cope with natural disasters: A manual for professionals working with elementary school children. Miami, FL: The BellSouth Foundation & The University of Miami.
144. th edition). New York: Wiley.
145. Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. London: Free Association Books.
146. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing.
147. Lindell, M. K. (1994). Perceived characteristics of environmental hazards. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 12, 303-326.
148. Lindell, M. K. (1995). Assessing emergency preparedness in support of hazardous facility risk analyses: An application at a U. S. hazardous waste incinerator. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 40, 297-193.
149. Lindell, M. K. (2000). An overview of protective action decision-making for a nuclear power plant emergency. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 75, 113-129.
150. Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (1992). Behavioral foundations of community emergency planning. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Company.
151. Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2000). Household adjustment to earthquake hazard: A review of research. Environment & Behavior, 32, 461-501.
152. Lindell, M. K., & Prater, C. S. (2000). Household adoption of seismic hazard adjustments: A comparison in two states. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 14, 317-338.
153. Lindell, M. K., & Prater, C. S. (2003). Assessing community impacts of natural disasters. Natural Hazards Review 4, 176-185.
154. Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2000). Correlates of household seismic hazard adjustment adoption. Risk Analysis, 20, 13-25.
155. Lindy, J. D., & Wilson, J. P. (2001). Respecting the trauma membrane: Above all, do no harm. In J. P. Wilson, J. P. & M. J. Friedman (Eds.), Treating psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford Press.
156. Lipman, P. W., & Mullineaux, D. R. (Eds.) (1981). The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1250.
157. Long, N. R., Ronan, K. R., & Perreira-Laird, J. (1998). Victims of disaster. In N. N. Singh (Ed.), Comprehensive clinical psychology: Applications in diverse populations. New York: Pergamon Press.
158. Lopes, R. (1992). Public perception of disaster preparedness presentations using disaster images. Washington, DC: The American National Red Cross.
159. Mader, G. G., Spangle, W. E., Blair, M. L., Meehan, R. L., Bilodeau, S. W, Degen Kolb, H. J., Duggar, G. S., & Williams, N., Jr. (1980). Land use planning after earthquakes. Portola Valley, CA: William Sprangle.
160. March, J. (1999). Assessment of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. In P. A. Saigh & J. D. Bremner (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder: A comprehensive text. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
161. March, J. S., Amaya-Jackson, L., & Murray, M. C. (1998). Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder after a single-incident stressor. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 585-593.
162. Mawhinney, H. B. (1994). The policy and practice of community enrichment of schools. Paper presented at the Education and Community Conference, Department of Educational Administration, Toronto.
163. May, P. J. (1997). Addressing natural hazards: challenges and lessons for public policy. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 11, 30-37.
164. McChargue, D. E., Gulliver, S. B., & Hitsman, B. (2003). Applying a stepped-care reduction approach to smokers with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Times, 20, 78.
165. McClure, J., Allen, M., & Walkey, F. (2001). Countering fatalism: Causal information in news reports affects judgements about earthquake damage. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 109-121.
166. McMurray, K., & Ronan, K. R. (2004). Childhood anxiety treatment: A power and meta-analysis. Manuscript submitted for publication.
167. McCrae, R. R. (1984). Situational determinants of coping responses - loss, threat, and challenge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 919-928.
168. MCDEM (New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management) (2002). Public education resource survey 2002. Online at http://www. civildefence.govt.nz/memwebsite. NSF/wpg-URL/The-Emergency-Sector-Public- Education-And-Information-Strategic-Plans?Open-Document: Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management, New Zealand.
169. Meichenbaum, D. (1997). Treating Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A handbook and practice manual for therapy. New York: Wiley.
170. Mileti, D. (1999). Disasters by design: a reassessment of natural hazards in the United States. Washington, D. C.: Joseph Henry Press.
171. Mileti, D. S., & Darlington, J. D. (1997). The role of searching in shaping reactions to earthquake risk information. Social Problems, 44, 89-103.
172. Mileti, D. S., & Darlington, J. D. (1995). Societal response to revised earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay area. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 13, 119-145.
173. Mileti, D. S., Drabek, T. E., & Haas, J. E. (1975). Human systems in extreme environments. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Program on Environment and Behavior.
174. Mileti, D. D., Drabek, T. E., & Haas, J. E. (1975). The analytic use of case study materials. Sociological Inquiry 45, 70-75.
175. Mileti, D. S., & Fitzpatrick, C. (1992). The causal sequence of risk communication in the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment. Risk Analysis, 12, 393-400.
176. Mileti, D. S., & Fitzpatrick, C. (1993). The Great Earthquake Experiment: Risk communication and public action. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
177. Mileti, D. S., & O'Brien, P. (1992). Warnings during disaster: Normalizing communicated risk. Social Problems, 39, 40-57.
178. Mileti, D. S., O'Brien, P. W (1993). Public response to aftershock warnings. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1553-B: B31-B42.
179. Mileti, D. S., & Peek, L. (2000). The social psychology of public response to warnings of a nuclear power plant accident. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 75, 181-194.
180. Mileti, D. S., & Sorensen, J. H. (1990). Communication of emergency public warnings: a social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment. Oak Ridge Laboratory ORNL-6609.
181. Miller, M. W (2003). Personality and the etiology and expression of PTSD: A three-factor model perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 10, 373-393.
182. Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change. New York: Guilford Press.
183. Mitchell, J. T. (1983). When disaster strikes: The critical incident stress debriefing process. Journal of Emergency Medical Services, 8, 36-39.
184. Mitchell, J. T. (2003). Major misconceptions in crisis intervention. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 5, 185-197.s
185. Mitchell, J. T. (2004). A response to the Devilly and Cotton article, "psychological debriefing and the workplace... " Australian Psychologist, 39, 24-28.
186. Mitchell, J. T, & Everly, G. S. (1993). Critical incident stress debriefing: An operations manual for the prevention of trauma among emergency service and disaster workers. Baltimore, MD: Chevron Publishing.
187. Mitchell, J. T, & Thomas D. S. K. (2001). Trends in disaster losses. In S. L. Cutter (ed.) American hazardscapes: the regionalization of hazards and disasters. Washington D. C.: Joseph Henry Press.
188. Moore, H. E. (1964).... And the winds blew. Austin: University of Texas Press.
189. Mulilis, J. P., & Duval, T. S. (1995). Negative threat appeals and earthquake preparedness: A Personrelative-to-Event (PrE) model of coping with threat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1319-1339.
190. Mulilis, J. P., & Lippa, R. (1990). Behavioral-change in earthquake preparedness due to negative threat appeals - a test of protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 619-638.
191. Myers, J. R., Henderson-King, D. H., & Henderson-King, E. I. (1997). Facing technological risks: The importance of individual differences. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 1-20.
192. Nader, K. (1996). Assessing trauma in children. In J. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford.
193. National Institute of Mental Health. (2002). Mental health and mass Violence: Evidence-based early psychological intervention for victims/survivors of mass violence. Washington, DC: Author.
194. National Research Council (1994). Mount Rainier Active Cascade Volcano. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.
195. Newhall, C. G., & Punongbayan, R. S. (1996). The narrow margin of successful volcanic-risk mitigation. In R. Scarpa & I. Tilling Robert (Eds.), Monitoring and mitigation of volcano hazards. Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Springer-Verlag.
196. Nigg, J. M. (1997). Emergency response following the 1994 Northridge earthquake: Inter-governmental coordination issues. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Disaster Research Center. Preliminary Paper No. 250.
197. Norris, F. H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 409-418.
198. Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., & Watson, P. J. (2002). 60, 000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry, 65, 240-260.
199. Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60, 000 Disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Psychiatry, 65, 207-260.
200. Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., North, C, & Spitznagel, E., & Smith, E. (2001). A prospective study of coping after exposure to a mass murder episode. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 13, 1696-1702.
201. North, C, Spitznagel, E., & Smith, E. (2001). A prospective study of coping after exposure to a mass murder episode. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 13, 1696-1702.
202. Ollendick, T. H. (1983). Reliability and validity of the revised fear survey schedule for children (Fssc-R). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 685-692.
203. Palsm, R., & Hodgson, M. E. (1992). After a California earthquake: Attitude and behaviour change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
204. Palm, R., Hodgson, M., Blanchard, R. D., & Lyons, D. (1990). Earthquake insurance in California. Boulder, CO: Westview.
205. Paton D. (1996). Disaster relief work: an assessment of effectiveness. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7, 275-288.
206. Paton, D. (2000). Emergency planning: Integrating community development, community resilience and hazard mitigation. Journal of the American Society of Professional Emergency Managers, 7, 109-118.
207. Paton, D. (2003). Disaster preparedness: A social-cognitive perspective. Disaster Prevention and Management, 12, 210-216.
208. Paton, D., & Johnston, D. (2001). Disasters and communities: vulnerability, resilience and preparedness. Disaster Prevention and Management, 10, 270-277.
209. Paton, D., Johnston, D., Houghto N, Flin, R., Ronan, K., & Scott, B. (1999). Managing natural hazard consequences: planning for information management and decision making. Journal of the American Society of Professional Emergency Planners, 6, 37-48.
210. Paton, D., Johnston, D., Houghton, B., & Smith, L. (1998). Managing the effects of a volcanic eruption: Psychological perspectives on integrated emergency management. Journal of the American Society of Professional Emergency Planners, 5, 59-69.
211. Paton, D., Smith, L., Johnston, D. M., Johnson, M., & Ronan, K. R. (2003). Developing a model to predict the adoption of natural hazard risk reduction and preparatory adjustments. Wellington (NZ): Earthquake Commission Research Project Number 01-479.
212. Paton, D., Smith, L. M., & Johnston, D. (2000). Volcanic hazards: Risk perception and preparedness. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 29, 84-88.
213. Paton, D., Violanti, J. M., & Smith, L. M. (Eds.) (2003). Promoting capabilities to manage posttraumatic stress: Perspectives on resilience. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd.
214. Peek, L. A., & Mileti, D. S. (2002). The history and future of disaster research. In R. B. Bechtel & A. Churchman (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
215. Perry, R. W. (1985). Comprehensive emergency management: Evacuating threatened populations. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
216. Perry, R. W., & Greene, M. R. (1983). Citizen response to volcanic eruptions: The case of Mt. St. Helens. New York: Irvington Publishers.
217. Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (1990). Living with Mount St. Helens: human adjustment to volcano hazards. Pullman, Washington: Washington University Press.
218. Perry, R. W, & Lindell, M. K. (2003). Understanding citizen response to disasters with implications for terrorism. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 11, 49-60.
219. Petak, W. J., & Atkisson, A. A. (1982). Natural hazard risk assessment and public policy: anticipating the unexpected. New York: Springer-Verlag.
220. Peterson, C, Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1993). Learned helplessness: A theory for the age of personal control. New York: Oxford University Press.
221. Pinsker, L. M. (2004). Paths of destruction: the hidden threat at Mount Rainier. Geotimes (April), 18-23.
222. Prince, S. H. (1920). Catastrophe and social change; based upon a sociological study of the halifax disaster. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University, New York.
223. Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C, Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviours. American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1114.
224. Quarantelli, E. L. (1982). General and particular observations on sheltering and housing in American disasters. Disasters, 6, 227-281.
225. Quarantelli, E. L. (1983). Delivery of emergency medical services in disasters. New York: Irvington.
226. Quarantelli, E. L. (1985). What is disaster? The need for clarification in definitiaon and conceptualization in research. In B. J. Sowder (Ed.) Disasters and mental health: Selected contemporary perspectives. Rockville MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
227. Quarantelli, E. L. (1988). Assessing disaster preparedness planning. Regional Development Dialogue, 9, 48-69.
228. Quarantelli, E. L. (1993). Converting disaster scholarship into effective disaster planning and managing: Possibilities and limitations. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 11, 15-39.
229. Quarantelli, E. L. (1995). What is a disaster? International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 13(3), 221-229.
230. Quarantelli, E. L. (1998). What is a disaster? New York: Routledge.
231. Raphael, B., & Wilson, J. P. (2000). Psychological debriefing: Theory, practice and evidence. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
232. Rip, A. (1988). Should social amplification of risk be counteracted? Risk Analysis, 8, 193-197.
233. Ronan, K. R. (1997a). The effects of a series of volcanic eruptions on children with asthma. New Zealand Medical Journal, 110, 11-13.
234. Ronan, K. R. (1997b). The effects of a "benign" disaster: Symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children following a series of volcanic eruptions. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies (1) (http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/).
235. Ronan, K. R., & Deane, F. P. (1998). Anxiety disorders. In P. Graham (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapy for children and families. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
236. Ronan, K. R., Finnis, K., & Johnston, D. (2005). Interventions with youth and families: A prevention model. In G. Reyes & G. Jacobs (Eds.), International handbook of disaster psychology. In press.
237. Ronan, K. R., & Johnston, D. (1999). Behaviourally-based interventions for children following volcanic eruptions: an evaluation of effectiveness. Disaster Prevention and Management, 8, 169-176.
238. Ronan, K. R., & Johnston, D. (2001). School children's risk perceptions and preparedness: A hazards education survey. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 4 (http://www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/).
239. Ronan, K. R., & Johnston, D. M. (1997). Auckland school children's risk perceptions and preparedness: Hazards education survey. Technical report prepared for Auckland Regional Council/Auckland City Council: Authors.
240. Ronan, K. R., & Johnston, D. M. (2001). Correlates of hazard education programs for youth. Risk Analysis, 21, 1055-1063.
241. Ronan, K. R., & Johnston, D. M. (2003). Hazards education for youth: A quasi-experimental investigation. Risk Analysis, 23, 1009-1020.
242. Ronan, K. R., Johnston, D. M., Daly, M., & Fairley, R. (2001). School children's risk perceptions and preparedness: A hazards education survey. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 1 (on-line journal URL http://massey.ac.nz/~trauma/).
243. Ronan, K. R., Johnston, D. M., & Hull, A. (1998). A community's understanding of earthquake risk in the Manawatu. Technical report prepared for the New Zealand Earthquake Commission: Authors.
244. Ronan, K. R., Johnston, D. M., & Paton, D. (2001). Communities' understanding of earthquake risk in the Hawkes Bay and Manawatu-Wanganui Regions, New Zealand. In Proceedings of NZ Society for Earthquake Engineering 2001 Conference, New Zealand, 1.03.01, 1-9.
245. Ronan, K. R., Paton, D., Johnston, D. M., & Houghton, B. F. (2000). Managing societal uncertainty in volcanic hazards: A multidisciplinary approach. Disaster Prevention and Research, 9, 339-348.
246. Rose, S., Bisson, J., & Wessely, S. (2001). Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane Library, Issue 3. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
247. Rubonis, A. V., & Bickman, L. (1991). Psychological impairment in the wake of disaster - the disaster psychopathology relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 384-399.
248. Russell, L. A., Goltz, J. D., & Bourque, L. B. (1995). Preparedness and hazard mitigation actions before and after two earthquakes. Environment and Behavior, 27, 744-770.
249. Rüstelmi, A., & Karanci, A. N. (1999). Correlates of earthquake cognitions and preparedness behaviour in a victimized population. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 91-101.
250. Saarinen, T. F., & Sell, J. L. (1985). Warnings and response to the Mount St helens eruption. Albany: State University of New York Press.
251. Salmon, T. S. (1919). War neuroses and their lesson. New York Medical Journal, 108, 993-994.
252. Saltzman, W., Pynoos, R. S., Layne, C, Steinberg, A., & Steinberg, E. (1999). School-based traumagrief focused psychotherapy program for youth exposed to community violence. Unpublished manuscript.
253. Salzer, M. S., Bickman, L., & Lambert, W (1999). Dose-effect relationship in children's psychotherapy services. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 228-238.
254. Sanders, M. G. (2001). The role of "community" in comprehensive school, family, and community partnership programs. The Elementary School Journal, 102, 19-34.
255. Saylor, C. F. (1993). Children and disasters. New York: Plenum Press.
256. Saylor, C, & DeRoma, V. (2002). Assessment of children and adolescents exposed to disasters. In A. LaGreca, W Silverman, E. Vernberg, & M. Roberts (Eds), Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
257. Scott, W., & Vallance, J. (1995). Debris flow, debris avalanche, and flood hazards at and downstream from Mount Rainier, Washington. US Geological Survey Atlas HA-729.
258. Seligman, M. E. P., & Pawelski, J. O. (2003). Positive psychology: FAQs. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 159-163.
259. Shaw, R., Shiwaku, K., Kobayashi, H., & Kobayashi, M. (2003). Linking experience, education, perception, and earthquake preparedness. Disaster Prevention and Management, 13, 39-49.
260. Showalter, P. S. (1993). Prognostication of doom: an earthquake prediction's effect on four small communities. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 11, 279-292.
261. Siqueland, L., Kendall, P. C, & Steinberg, L. (1996). Anxiety in children: Perceived family environments and observed family interaction. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 225-237.
262. Sjoberg, L. (2000). Factors in risk perception. Risk Analysis, 20, 1-11.
263. Slovic, P. (1993). Perceived risk, trust and democracty. Risk Analysis, 13, 675-682.
264. Slovic, P. Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1981). Perceived risk: psychological factors and social implications. In Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A376, 17-34.
265. Smith, R. C, Lein, C, Collins, C, Lyles, J. S., Given, B., Dwamena, F. C, Coffey, J., Hodges, A. M., Gardiner, J. C, Goddeeris, J., & Given, C. W. (2003). Treating patients with medically unexplained symptoms in primary care. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18, 478-489.
266. Smith, M., & Smith, R. L. (2003). Citizens of vulnerable community respond to Mt. Rainier lahar threat. Paper presented at the Cities on Volcanoes 3, Hilo, Hawaii, July.
267. Sorensen, J. (2000). Hazard warning systems: review of 20 years of progress. Natural Hazards Review, May, 119-125.
268. Sorensen, J. H., Mileti D., & Copenhaver, E. (1985). Evacuation: An assessment of planning research. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.
269. Sprang, G. (2000). Coping strategies and traumatic stress symptomotology following the Oklahoma City bombing. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 8, 207-218.
270. Stuart, N., & Ronan, K. R. (2005). Biopsychosocial risk and protection for distress in youth: Test of a structural model. Manuscript in preparation.
271. Sullivan, R., Mustart, D. A., & Galehouse, J. S. (1977). Living in earthquake country. California Geology, 30, 3-8.
272. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2003). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1-18.
273. Tierney, K. (2004). Deciding what's safe: making choices about earthquake safety. Natural Hazards Review, 5, 61-63.
274. Tierney, K. J., Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2001). Facing the unexpected: Disaster response in the United States. Washington, D. C.: Joseph Henry Press.
275. Turner, R. H., Nigg, J. M., & Heller-Paz. (1986). Waiting for disaster: Earthquake watch in California. Berkeley: University of California Press.
276. U. S. Geodynamics Committee, & National Research Council. (1994). Mount Rainier: Active Cascade Volcano: Research strategies for mitigating risk from a high, snow-clad volcano in a populous region. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.
277. United Nations News (2004). UN: Population to double in flood prone areas. (http://www.unmideast.com/), June 15.
278. van Emmerik, A. A. P., Kamphuis, J. H., Hulsbosch, A. M., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2002). Single session debriefing after psychological trauma: a meta-analysis. Lancet, 360, 766-771.
279. Vernberg, E. M., La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (1996). Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 237-248.
280. Vernberg, E. M., & Vogel, J. M. (1993). Interventions with children after disasters. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 485-498.s
281. Vogt, B. M., & Sorensen, J. H. (1994). Risk communications and the chemical stockpile emergencyplanning program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL-6824.
282. Voight, B. (1990). The 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano catastrophe: anatomy and retrospection. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 42, 151-188.
283. Voight, B. (1996). The management of volcano emergencies: Nevado del Ruiz. In R. Scarpa & Tilling R. I. (Eds.), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards (pp. 719-769). New York: Springer-Verlag.
284. Walsh, J., Caruthers, C. G., Heinitz, A. C, Myers, E. P., Bapista, A. C, Erdakos, G. B., & Kamphaus, R. A. (2000). Tsunami hazard Map of the Southern Washington coast: Modeled tsunami inundation from a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Geological Map GM-9.
285. Ward, P. L., & Mileti, D. S. (1993). Public education and communication for disaster mitigation. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Volcanic Disaster Prevention: the first meeting of the Panel on Volcanic Disaster Prevention under Japan-US Science and Technology Agreement, 226-227.
286. Warrick, R. A., Anderson, J., Downing, T., Lyons, J., Ressler, J., Warrick, M., & Warrick, T. (1981). Four communities under ash - after Mt St Helens. Program on Technology, Environment and Man, Monograph 34, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.
287. Watson, P. J., Friedman, M. J., Gibson, L. E., Ruzek, J. I., Norris, F. H., & Ritchie, E. C. (2003). Early intervention for trauma-related problems. In R. J. Ursano & A. E. Norwood, (Eds), Trauma and disaster: responses and management. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
288. Weinstein, N. D. (1989). Effects of personal experience on self-protective behaviour. Psychology Bulletin, 105, 31-50.
289. Weinstein, N. D., Lyon, J. E., Rothman, A. J., & Cuite, C. L. (2000). Preoccupation and affect as predictors of protective action following natural disaster. British Journal of Health Psychology, 5, 351-363.
290. Weisz, J. R., & Weiss, B. (1989). Assessing the effects of clinic based psychotherapy with children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 741-746.
291. Wenger, D. (1988). Volcanic disaster prevention, warning, evacuation, and rescue. Texas A&M: Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center.
292. White, G. F., & Haas, J. E. (1975). Assessment of research on natural hazards. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
293. Whitney, D. J., & Lindell, M. K. (2000). Member commitment and participation in local emergency planning committees. Policy Studies Journal, 28, 467-484.
294. Wilson, G. T, Vitousek, K. M., & Loeb, K. L. (2000). Stepped care treatment for eating disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 564-572.
295. Wilson, J. P., Friedman, M. J., & Lindy, J. D. (2001). Treating psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford Press.
296. th edition). New York: McGraw Hill.
297. Wrathall, J. E. (1992). Natural hazard reporting in the UK press. Disaster, 12, 177-182.
298. Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. B. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.
299. Yule, W. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. International Review of Psychiatry, 13, 194-200.