Computational welding mechanics

Computational Welding Mechanics

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-321

  Goldak, John A ^a   Akhlaghi, Mehdi ^b  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b AMIRKABIR UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891414754     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/b101137     Document Type: Book

References (337)

1. Goldak J. A., Oddy A., Gu M., Ma W., Mashaie A and Hughes E. Coupling heat transfer, microstructure evolution and thermal stress analysis in weld mechanics, IUTAM Symposium, Mechanical Effects of Welding, June 10-14, Lulea Sweden, 199 1
2. Westby 0 . Temperature distribution in the workpiece by welding, Department of Metallurgy and Metals Working, The Technical University, Trondheim Norway, 1968
3. Rosenthal, D. The theory of moving sources of heat and its application to metal treatments, Trans ASME, 1946, vol. 68, p 849-865
4. Okerblom, N. O. The calculations of deformations of welded metal structures, London, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1958
5. Vinokurov, V. A. Welding stresses and distortion, The British Library Board, 1977
6. Hibbitt H. D., Marcal P. V. A numerical thermo-mechanical model for the welding and subsequent loading of a fabricated structure, Comp. & Struct., Vol. 3, pp 1 145-1 174, 1973.
7. Friedman, E. Analysis of weld puddle distortion, Welding J Research Suppl. 1978, pp 161s-166s
8. Masubuchi. K. Analysis of welded structures, Pergamon Press, 1980
9. Andersson, BAB. Thermal stresses in a submerged-arc welded joint considering phase transformations, J Eng. & Tech. Trans. ASME, Vol. 100, 1978, pp 356-362
10. Pilipenko A (2001) Computer simulation of residual stress and distortion of thick plates in multielectrode submerged arc welding. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
11. Marcal P. Weld problems, structural mechanics programs, Charlottesville, University Press, pp 191-206, 1974
12. Karlsson L. Thermal stresses in welding, in R. B. Hetnarski (ed. ), Thermal Stresses, Vol. I, Elsevier Science Publishers, pp 300, 1986
13. Karlsson L. Thermo mechanical finite element models for calculation of residual stresses due to welding, in Hauk et al (eds), Residual Stresses, DGM Informationsgesellschafi Verlag, p 33, 1993.
14. Goldak J., Pate1 B., Bibby M. and Moore J Computational weld mechanics, AGARD Workshop-Structures Materials 61St Panel meeting, 1985
15. Goldak J. Modeling thermal stresses and distortions in welds, Proc. of the 2nd Int. Conf. on Trends in Welding Research, p 71, 1989
16. Goldak J., Bibby M., Downey D. and Gu M. Heat and fluid flow in welds. Advanced Joining Technologies, Proc. of the Int. Congress on Joining Research, p 69, 1990
17. Smith S. D., A review of weld modeling for the prediction of residual stresses and distortions due to fusion welding, Proc. of the fifth Int. Conf. on Computer Technology in Welding. Paper 4, 1992.
18. Radaj D. Heat effects of welding: temperature field, residual stress, distortion. Springer, 1992
19. Radaj D. Finite element analysis of welding residual stresses, Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Residual Stresses, p 510, 1988
20. Ueda Y. and Murakawa H. Applications of computer and numerical analysis techniques in welding research, JWRI, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 165-174, 1984
21. Ueda Y., Murakawa H., Nakacho H. and Ma N-X., : Establishment of computational weld mechanic, JWRI, vol. 24, pp 73-86. 1995
22. Yurioka N. and Koseki T., Modeling activities in Japan, in Cerjak H. (ed. ), Mathematical of Modeling of Weld Phenomena 3, The Institute of Materials, pp 489, 1997. Also in JWRI, vol. 25, pp 33-52,1996
23. Moltubak T. Strength mismatch effect on the cleavage fracture toughness of the heat affected zone of steel welds, Doctoral Thesis, Trondheim, 1999
24. Runnemalm H (1999). Efficient finite element modeling and simulation of welding. Doctoral Thesis, Lulea.
25. Wikander L (1996). Efficient thermo-mechanical modeling of welding. Doctoral thesis, Lulea.
26. Pilipenko A. Yu. (1997). Analysis of the temperature distribution during GTA welding of thick-walled pipes. Master Thesis, St.-Petersburg Technical University.
27. Goldak J., Breiguine V., Dai N., Zhou J. Thermal stress analysis in welds for hot cracking, AMSE, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division PVP, Proceeding of the 1996 ASME PVP Conf., July 2 1-26, Montreal
28. Gundersen 0. Mathematical modeling of welding. A state of the art review, SINTEF Material Technology, Trondheim 1997
29. Lindgren L-E (1992). Deformation and stresses in butt-welding of plates. Doctoral Thesis, Lulea, Sweden.
30. AE3AQUS Version 5. 6, ABAQUS user's manual, Hibbit, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc. 1997, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
31. Argyris J. H., Szimmat J. and Willam K. J. Computational aspects of welding stress analysis, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, VO~. 33 pp 635466,1982
32. Andersson B. and Karlsson L. Thermal stresses in large butt-welded plates, J. of Thermal Stresses, vol. 4, pp 491-500, 198 1
33. Josefson B. L., Residual stresses and cracking susceptibility in butt-welded stainless steel pipes, 4" Int. Conf. On Numerical Methods in Thermal Problems, p 1152,1985
34. Jonsson M., Karlsson L. and Lindgren L. E., Deformations and stresses in buttwelding of large plates, in R. W. Lewis (ed. ), Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer, Vol. 111, p 35, Wiley 1985
35. Lindgren L. E. and Karlsson L. Deformation and stresses in welding of shell structures, Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 25, pp 635-655, 1988
36. Karlsson C. T. Finite element analysis of temperatures and stresses in a singlepass butt-welded pipe influence of mesh density and material modeling, Eng. Comput., Vol. 6, pp 133-142, 1989
37. Oddy AS, Goldak JA and McDill JMJ. Transformation plasticity and residual stresses in single-pass repair welds, ASME J Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 114, pp 33-38, 1992
38. Ravichandran G., Raghupathy V. P., Ganesan N. and Kirshnakumer R. Analysis of transient longitudinal distortion in fillet welded T-beam using FEM with degenerated shell element, Int. J. for Joining of Materials, Vo1. 8, No. 4, pp 170-179, 1996
39. Karlsson R. I. and Josefson B. L. Three-dimensional finite element Analysis of temperatures and stresses in a single-pass butt-welded pipe, ASME Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 112, pp 76-84, 1990
40. Goldak J., Oddy A. and Dorling D. Finite element analysis of welding on fluid filled pressurized pipelines, Proc. Of the 3r Int. Conf. On Trends in Welding Research, p 45, 1992
41. Oddy AS and McDill J.M.J. Residual stresses in weaved repair welds, Proc. Of 1996 ASME Pressure Vessel & Piping Conf., p 147, 1996
42. Lindgren L-E., Haeggblad H-A., McDill JMJ. and Oddy AS. Automatic remeshing for three-dimensional finite element simulation of welding, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 147, pp 401-409, 1997
43. Oddy AS, McDill JMJ, Braid JEM., Root JH. and Marsiglio F. Predicting residual stresses in weaved repair welds, Proc. Of the Sh Int. Conf. On Trends in Welding Research, p 93 1, 1998
44. Fricke S., Keim E. and Schmidt J. Modeling of root formation during the welding process with the help of the 3d finite element method, In H. Cerjak (ed. ), Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 4, The Institute of Materials, p 649, 1998
45. Friedman E. Thermo-mechanical analysis of the welding process using the finite element method, ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp 206-2 13, Aug. 1975
46. Volden L. (1999). Residual stress in steel weldments. Experiments, mechanism and modeling. Doctoral Thesis, Trondheim.
47. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I Increased complexity, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 141-192,2001
48. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I1 Improved material modeling, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 195-23 1,200 1
49. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of Welding Part 111, Efficiency and integration, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 305-334,2001
50. Cowles J. H., Blanford M., Giamei A. F. and Bruskotter: Application of three dimensional finite element analysis to electron beam welding of a high pressure drum rotor, proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification processes. The Minerals Metals & Materials Society. 347,1995. 5 1. Chihoski Russel A. Understanding weld cracking in Aluminum sheet, Welding Journal, Vol. 25, pp 24-30, Jan. 1972
51. Chihoski Russel A. The character of stress fields around a weld arc moving on Aluminum sheet, Welding Research Supplement, pp 9s-18s, Jan. 1972
52. Chihoski Russel A. Expansion and stress around Aluminum weld puddles, Welding Research Supplement, pp 263s-276s, Sep. 1979
53. Oddy AS, McDill JMJ and Goldak JA. A general transformation plasticity relation for 3D finite element analysis of welds, Euro J Mech., Vol. 9, No. 3, pp 253-263,1990
54. Johnson L. Formation of plastic strains during welding of Aluminum alloys, Welding Research Supplement, pp 298s-305s, July 1973
55. Computational Welding Mechanics
56. Finger S. and Dixon J. R. A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part I: descriptive, prescriptive and computer-based models of design process. Research in Engineering Design, 1989 1, pp 5 1-57
57. Finger S. and Dixon J. R. A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part 11: representation, analysis and design for the life cycle, Research in Engineering Design, No. 1, p 12 1-137, 1989
58. Radaj D. Eigenspannungen und Verzug beim Schweissen, Rechen-und Messverfahren, Fachbuchreihe Schweisstechnik, DVS-Verlag GmbH, Duesseldorf 2000
59. Runnemalm H (1999). Efficient finite element modeling and simulation of welding. Doctoral Thesis, Lulea. Chihoski Russel A. Understanding weld cracking in Aluminum sheet, Welding Journal, Vol. 25, pp 24-30, Jan. 1972
60. Requicha A. A. G. and Voelcker H. B. Solids modeling; current status and research directions, IEEE Computer Graphics and gation ion, Vol. 7, pp 25-37,1983
61. Kela A., Voelcker H. and Goldak J. A. Automatic generation of finite element meshes from CSG representations of solids, International conference on accuracy estimates and adaptive refinements in finite element computations (ARFEC), sponsored by the International Association of Computational Mechanics, Lisbon Portugal June l9-20,1984
62. Sheperd M. S. and Law K. H. The modified-quadtree mesh generator and adaptive analysis: International conference on accuracy estimates and refinements in finite element computations (ARFEC), sponsored by the International Association of Computational Mechanics, Lisbon Portugal, June 19-20, 1984
63. Donnea J. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element methods, Computational Methods for Transient Analysis, vol. 1, North-Holland publishing Co, Edited by Belyschko T. and Hughes T. J. R., p 473-5 16, 1983
64. McDill JMJ, Goldak JA, Oddy AS, and Bibby MJ. Isoparametric quadrilaterals and hexahedrons for mesh-grading elements, Comm. Applied Nu. Methods, Vol. 3, pp 155-163, 1987
65. Swanson J. A., Cameron G. R. and Haberland J. C. Adapting the Ansys finite element program to an attached processor, IEEE Computer Journal, 1983, Vol. 16, NO 6, pp 85-91
66. Glowinski R., Mantel B., Periaux J. Perrier P. and Pironneau: On an efficient new preconditioned conjugate gradient method. Application to the in-core solution of the Navier-Stokes equations via non-linear least-square and finite element methods, Finite Elements in Fluids, Vol. 4, pp 365-401, 1982
67. Ajiz M. A. and Jennings A. A robust incomplete choleslu-cojugate gradient algorithm, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 20, pp 949-966,1984
68. Hughes T. J. R., Levit I. and Winget J. An element-by-element solution algorithm for problems of structural and solid mechanics, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 36, pp 241-254,1983
69. Hughes T. J. R., Winget J., Levit I. and Tezduyar T. E. New alternative direction procedures in finite element analysis based upon EBE approximate factorizations, ASME Proc. of Symp. On Recent Developments in Nonlinear Stress and Solid Mechanics, June 1983
70. Belyschko T. An overview of semidiscretization and time integration procedures, Computational Methods for Transient Solid Mechanics, June 1983
71. Lui W. K. Mixed time integration methods for transient thermal analysis of structures, Nasa Contractor Report 172209, pp 1-55, Sept. 1983
72. Pilipenko A (2001) Computer simulation of residual stress and distortion of thick plates in multielectrode submerged arc welding. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
73. Mahin K. W.,MacEwen S., Winters W. S., Mason W., Kanouff M. and Fuchs E. A. Evaluation of residual stress distortions in a traveling GTA weld using finite element and experimental techniques, Proc. of Modeling of Casting and Welding Processes IV, Ed. Giamei A. F. and Abbaschian G. R., pp 339-350, April 17-22, 1988, Pub. Eng. Foundation and TMSJAIME
74. Goldak J. A., Bibby M. J., Downey D. and Gu M. Heat and fluid flow in welds, Advanced Joining Technologies, Proc. of the International Institute of Welding Congress on Joining Research, July 1990
75. Tall L. Residual stresses in welded plates-a theoretical study, Welding Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp 10s-23s, 1964
76. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I Increased complexity, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 141-192,2001
77. Tsuji I. Transient and residual stresses due to butt-welding of mild steel plates, Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, vol. XXVII, No. 3. 1967
78. Iwaki T. and Masubuchi K. Thermo-elastic analysis of orthotropic plastic by the finite element method, J Soc. Naval Arch. Japan, Vol. 130, pp 195-204, 1971
79. Ueda Y. and Yamakawa T. Thermal stress analysis of metals with temperature dependent mechanical properties, Proc. int. Conf. Mech. Behavior of Materials, p 10, 197 1
80. Ueda Y. and Yamakawa T. Analysis of thermal elastic-plastic stress and strain during welding by finite element method, JWRI, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 90-100, 1971
81. Ueda Y. and Yamakawa T. Mechanical cracking characteristics of cracking of welded joints, Proc. of 1" Int. Symposium on Precaution of Cracking in Welded Structures Based on Resent Theoretical and practical Knowledge, The Japan Welding Society, Tokyo Japan, p IC5. 1, 1971
82. Fujita Y., Takesshi Y., Kitamura M. and Nomoto T. Welding stresses with special reference to cracking, IIW Doc X-655-72, 1972
83. Hibbitt H. D. and Marcal P. V. A numerical thermo-mechanical model for the welding and subsequent loading of a fabricated structure, Computers & Structures, Vol. 3, pp 1 145-1 174, 1973
84. Friedman E. Thermomechanical analysis of the welding process using the finite element method, ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp 206-213, Aug. 1975
85. Fujita Y., Takeshi Y. and Nomoto T. Studies on restraint intensity of welding, IIW DOC X-573-70,1970
86. Fujita Y. and Nomoto T. : Studies on thermal stresses with special reference to weld cracking, 1" Int. Symposium on Precaution of Cracking in Welded Structures Based on recent Theoretical and Practical Knowledge, The Japan Welding Society, p IC6. 1, 1971
87. Mahin K., Shapiro A. B., Hallquist J. Assessment of boundary conditions limitations on the development of a general computer Model for fusion welding, Proc. of an International Conf. on Trends in Welding Technology, pp 215-224, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA, May 18-22, 1986, ed. David S. A.
88. Tekriwal P., Mazumder J. Finite element modeling of the arc welding process, Proc. of an international Conf. on Trends in Welding Technology, pp 71-80, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA, May 18-22, 1986, ed. David S. A.
89. Goldak JA, McDill JMJ, Oddy AS, House R, Chi X and Bibby MJ. Computational heat transfer for Weld Mechanics, Proc. of an International Conf. on Trends in Welding Technology, pp 15-20, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA, May 18-22, 1986, ed. David S. A.
90. Goldak J. A., Pate1 B., Bibby M. J. and Moore J. E. Computational weld mechanics, Invited opening paper for AGARD Workshop-Structures and Materials 6 1" Panel Meeting, Oberammergau, Germany, pp 1-1 1-32, Sep. 8-13,1985
91. Rykalin R. R. Energy sources for welding, Welding in the World, Vol. 12, No. 9/10, p 227-248, 1974
92. Rosenthal D. : the theory of moving sources of heat and its application to metal treatments, Trans ASME, Vol. 68, p 849-865, 1946
93. Myers P. O., Uyehara O. A. and Borman G. L. Fundamentals of heat flow in welding, Welding Research Council Bulletin, New York No. 123, 1967
94. Pavelic V., Tanbakuchi R., Uyehara 0. A. and Myers: Experimental and computed temperature histories in gas tungsten arc welding of thin plates, Welding Journal Research Supplement, Vol. 48. pp 295s-305s, 1969
95. Andersson B. A. B. Thermal stresses in submerged-arc welded joint considering phase transformation, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Trans. ASME, Vol. 100, pp 356-362, 1978
96. Krutz G. W. and Segerlind L. J. Finite element analysis of welded structures, Welding Journal Research Supplement, Vol. 57, pp 2 1 1s-21 6s, 1978
97. Friedman E. Thermo-mechanical analysis of the welding process using the finite element method, Journal Pressure Vessel Technology, Trans. ASME, Vol. 97, NO 3, pp 206-213, 1975
98. Paley Z. and Hibbert P. D. Computation of temperatures in actual weld designs, Welding Journal Research Supplement, Vol. 54, pp 385s-392s, 1975
99. Westby 0 . Temperature distribution in the workpiece by welding, Department of Metallurgy and Metals Working, The Technical University, Trondheim Norway, 1968
100. Goldak J., Chakravarti A. and Bibby M. A finite element model for welding heat sources, Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 15B, pp 299-305, June 1984
101. McDill JM, Oddy AS. and Goldak JA. An adaptive mesh-management algorithm for three-dimensional automatic finite element analysis, Transactions of CSME, Vol. 15, No 1, pp 57-69, 1991
102. Christensen N., Davies L. de. V. and Gjermundsen: British Welding Journal, VO~1. 2, pp 54-75, 1965
103. Chong L. M. (1982). Predicting weld hardness. Master's Thesis, Carleton University.
104. The British Iron and Steel Research Association, Physical Constants of Some Commercial Steels at Elevated Temperatures, London Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1953
105. Ohji T. Physics of welding (1)-Heat conduction theory and its application to welding. Welding Intern. 8 (1994) 12, 938-942 trans. From J Japan Welding SOC. 63 (1994) 4,32-36
106. Mills Kenneth C. Recommended values of thermo physical properties for selected commercial alloys, Woodhead Publishing Ltd ISBN 1 85573 569 5, ASM International ISBN 0-87 170-753-5, 2002
107. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N., Hughes E. and Zhou J. Thermal Stress Analysis in Solids Near the Liquid Region in Welds. Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena, 3 Ed. By Cerjak H., The lnstitute of Materials, pp 543-570,1997
108. Goldak J. A. et al. Coupling heat transfer, microstructure evolution and thermal stress analysis in weld mechanics. IUTAM Symposium, Lulea Sweden, 1991
109. Weber G. and Anand L. Finite deformation constitutive equations and a time integration procedure for isotropic, hyperelastic-viscoplastic solids, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., Vol. 79, pp 173-202, 1990
110. Oddy AS, Goldak JA and McDill JMJ. Numerical analysis of transformation plasticity relation in 3D finite element analysis of welds, European Journal of Mechanics, AISolids, Vol. 9, No. 3 pp 253-263, 1990
111. Leblond J. B., Mottet G. and Devaux J. C. A theoretical and numerical approach to the plastic behavior of steels during phase transfornlation-11, Study of classical plasticity for ideal-plastic phases, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 34, pp 41 1-432, 1986
112. Gu M. and Goldak J. A. Steady state formulation for stress and distortion of welds, J. of Eng. For Industry, Vol. 116, pp 467-474, Nov. 1994
113. Goldak J. Keynote address modeling thermal stresses and distortions in welds, Resent Trends in Welding Science and Technology TWR,89, Proc. of the 2"" International Conference on Trends in welding Research, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA,14-18 May 1989
114. Oddy A. Goldak J. A. and McDill J. M. J. Transformation effects in the 3D finite element analysis of welds, Proc. of the 2"d International Conf. on trends in Welding research, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA, May 1989
115. Kirkaldy J. S. and Venugopalan: In phase transformations in ferrous alloys, ed. By Marder A. R. and Goldenstein J. I., AM. Inst. Min. Engrs., Philadelphia, Pa, pp 125-148,1984
116. Henwood C. Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Watt D. F. Coupled transient heat transfer microstructure weld computations, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 3037-3046,1988
117. Koisten D. P. and Marburger R. E. A general equation prescribing the extent of the austenite-martensite transformation in pure iron-carbon alloys and plain carbon steels, Acta Met., Vol. 7, pp 59, 1959
118. Bhadeshia H. Modeling the microstructure in the hsion zone of steel weld deposits, Proceedings of an International Conference on Trends in Welding Technology, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA, ed. David S. A., May 15-19, 1989
119. Oddy A. S., McDill J. M. and Goldak J. A. Consistent strain fields in 3D finite element analysis of welds, J. Pressure Vessel Tech., Vol. 25, No 1, pp 51-53, 1990
120. Watt D. F., Coon L., Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Henwood C. Modeling microstructural development in weld heat affected zones, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, no 11, pp 3029-3035, 1988
121. Gu M. (1992). Computational weld analysis for long welds. Doctoral thesis Carleton University.
122. Bibby M. J., Shing G. Y. and Goldak J. A. A model for predicting the hsion and heat affected zone sizes of deep penetration welds, CIM Metallurgical Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1985
123. Chakravarti A. P., Goldak J. A. and Rao A. S. Thermal analysis of welds, International Conference on Numerical Methods in Thermal Problems, Swansea UK, July 1985
124. Key J. F., Smartt H. B., Chan J. W. and Mcllwain M. E. Process parameter effects on the arc physics and heat flow in GTAW, p 179-199
125. Richter F. Die wichtigsten physikalischen Eigenschaften von 52 Eisenwerkstoffen. Stahleisen-Sonderberichte No. 8, Publ. Stahleisen, Duesseldorf 1973
126. Sudnik W. A. and Erofeew W. A. Rastschety swarotschnych processov na iwm Techn. Univ. Tula, Sweden, 1986
127. Ohji T. Ohkubo A. and Nishiguchi K. Mathematical modeling of molten pool in arc welding, Mechanical Effects of Welding, p 207-214, Publ. Springer, Berlin 1992
128. Khoral P (1958) Coupling microstructure to heat transfer computation in weld analysis. Masters Thesis, Carleton University.
129. Okerblom, N. O. The calculations of deformations of welded metal structures, London, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1958
130. Vinokurov, V. A. Welding stresses and distortion, The British Library Board, 1977 Goldak J. A., Pate1 B., Bibby M. and Moore J Computational weld mechanics, AGARD Conf. Proceedings No. 398, June 1985
131. Gu M., Goldak J. A. and Bibby M. J.; Computational heat transfer in welds with complex weld pool shapes, Adv. Manuf. Eng., Vol. 3. January 1991
132. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I Increased complexity, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 141-192,2001
133. Radaj D. Eigenspannungen und Verzug beim Schweissen, Rechen-und Messverfahren, Fachbuchreihe Schweisstechnik, DVS-Verlag GmbH, Duesseldorf 2000
134. Barlow J. A. One weld or two? The formation of a submergend arc weld pool, Welding Inst. Res. Bull., pp 177-1 80, June 1982
135. Kraus H. G. Experimental measurement of stationary SS 304, SS 316L and 8630 GTA weld pool surface, Welding J.
136. Glickstein S. S. and Friedman E. Effect of weld pool configuration on heat affected zone shape, Tech. Notes Welding Res. Suppl. Thesis, pp 110-112, June 1981
137. Radaj D. Schweissprozesssimulation, DVS-Verlag, Duesseldorf 1999
138. Jones BK, Emery AF and Marburger J. An analytical and experimental study of the effects of welding parameters in fusion welds, Welding J Vol. 72, No. 2, pp 5 IS-59s, 1993
139. Jones B. K., Emery A. F. and Marburger J. Design and analysis of a test coupon for fusion welding, ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 115, pp 38-46, 1993
140. Roelens J. B., Maltrud F. and Lu J. Determination of residual stresses in submerged arc multi-pass welds by means of numerical simulation and comparison with experimental measurements, Welding in the World, Vol. 33, NO. 3, pp 152-159, 1994
141. Roelens J. B. Numerical simulation of multipass submerged arc weldingdetermination of residual stresses and comparison with experimental measurements, Welding in the World, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp 110-1 17, 1995
142. Lindgren L-E., Runnemalm H. and Naesstroem M. O. Numerical and experimental investigation of multipass welding of a thick plate, Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp 1301-13 16, 1999
143. Gu M., Goldak J. A. and Hughes E. Steady state thermal analysis of welds with filler metal addition
144. Goldak J., Chakravarti A. and Bibby M. A finite element model for welding heat sources, Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 15B, pp 299-305, June 1984
145. McDill J. M. J. (1988). An adaptive mesh-management algorithm for threedimensional finite element analysis. PhD thesis, Carleton University.
146. Rykalin R. R. Energy sources for welding, Welding in the World, Vol. 12, No. 9/10, pp 227-248, 1974
147. Rosenthal D. The theory of moving sources of heat and its application to metal treatments, Trans ASME, Vol. 68, pp 849-865, 1946
148. Pavelic V., Tanbakuchi R., Uyehara 0. A. and Myers: Experimental and computed temperature histories in gas tungsten arc welding of thin plates, Welding Journal Research Supplement, Vol. 48. pp 295s-305s, 1969
149. Sudnik V. A. and Erofeew W. A. Computerberechnungen von Schweissprozessen, Tech. Hochschule Tula, Schweden, 1986
150. Ohji T., Ohkubo A. and Nishiguchi K. Mathematical modeling of molten pool in arc welding, Mechanical Effects of Welding, pp 207-214, Publ. Springer, Berlin 1992
151. Weiss D., Schmidt J. and Franz U. A model of temperature distribution and weld pool deformation during arc welding, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 2, Edited by Cerjak H. and series Editor Bhadeshia H. K. D. H., The Institute of Materials 1995
152. Khoral P (1989). Coupling microstructure to heat transfer computation in weld analysis. Masters Thesis, Carleton University
153. Sudnik W., Radaj D, and Erofeew W. Validation of computerized simulation of welding processes; 4th Int. Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, Seggau near Graz, 29. Sept.-1 Oct. 1997
154. Sudnik W., Radaj D. and Erofeew W. Computerized simulation of laser beam weld formation comprising joint gaps; J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 31, pp 3475-3480,1998
155. Sudnik W., Radaj D., Breitschwerdt S. and Erofeew W. Numerical simulation of weld pool geometry in laser beam welding; J Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 33, pp 662-671,2000
156. Radaj D., Sudnik V., Karpuchin E, Berger P. and Heckeler G. Comparison of heat sources for modeling laser beam welding; Publication in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B
157. Goldak J. A. and Gu M. Computational weld mechanics of the steady state, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 2, Ed. H. Cerjak, The Institute of Metals, pp 207-225, 1995
158. Gu M.,Goldak J. A. Steady state thermal analysis of welds with filler metal addition, Can. Met., Vol. 32, pp 49-55,1993
159. Rappaz M. Process modeling and microstructure, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Physical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 351, No. 1697, pp 563-577, June 15 1995
160. Khoral P. (1989). Coupling microstructure to heat transfer computation in weld analysis. Masters Thesis, Carleton University.
161. Berkhout C. F. Weld thermal simulators for research and problem solving, Seminar Handbook, The Welding Institute, Cambridge U. K., pp 21-23, 1972
162. Ion J. C. and Easterling K. E. Proceedings of Third Scandanavian Symposium in Material Science, Oslo Finland, pp 79-85
163. Rosenthal D. The theory of moving sources of heat and its application to metal treatments, Trans ASME, Vol. 68, pp 849-865, 1946
164. Rykalin R. R. Energy sources for welding, Welding in the World, Vol. 12, No. 9/10, p 227-248, 1974
165. Ion J. C., Easterling K. E. and Ashby M. F. A second report on diagram of microstructure and hardness for heat affected zones in welds, Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 32, pp 1949-1962, 1982
166. Easterling K. E., Ashby M. F. and Li. A first report on diagrams for grain growth in welds, Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 30, pp 1969-1978, 1982
167. Bastien P., Drollet J. and Maynier P. Prediction of microstructure via empirical formulae based on CCT diagrams, Hardenability Concepts with an Application to Steel, pp 163-1 76, 1977
168. Arata Y., Matsuda F. and Nakata K. Japanese Welding Research Institute Journal, Vol. 1, p 39, 1970
169. Bibby M. J., Chong L. M. and Goldak J. A. Predicting heat affected zone hardness by the weld test method, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, ASTM, Vol. 11, p 126, 1983
170. Alberry P. J. and Jones W. K. C. Computer model for prediction of heat affected zone microstructure in multipass weldments, Metal Technology, Vol. 9, pp 419-426, Oct. 1982
171. Rosenthal D. The theory of moving sources of heat and its application to metal treatments, Trans ASME, Vol. 68, pp 849-865, 1946
172. Kirkaldy J. S. and Venugopalan: Prediction of microstructure and hardenability in low alloy steels, phase transformation in ferrous alloys, Proceedings of the International Conference, Oct. 4-6, 1983
173. Kirkaldy J. S. and Sham R. C. A new phenomenology for steel IT and CCT Curves, Scripta Metallurgical, Vol. 16, p 1 193, 1982
174. Kirkaldy J. S. Prediction of alloy hardenability fiom thermodynamic and kinetic data, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 4, p 2327, 1973
175. Kirkaldy J. S. and Baganis E. A. Thermodynamic prediction of the Ae3 temperature of steels with additions of Mn, Si, Cr, Mo and Cu, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 9A, pp 495-501, 1978
176. Henwood C. E. (1998). An analytical model for computing weld microstructure. Master's thesis, Carleton University.
177. Watt D. F., Coon L., Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Henwood C. An algorithm for modeling microstructural development in weld heat affected zones, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, No 11, pp 3029-3035, 1988
178. Henwood C. Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Watt D. F. Coupled transient heat transfer microstructure weld computations, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 3037-3046,1988
179. Gu M. (1992). Computational weld analysis for long welds. Doctoral thesis Carleton University.
180. Lohner R. Commn. Appl. Numer. Meth., Vol. 4, p 123, 1988
181. Gu M., Goldak J. A. and Hughes E. Modeling the evolution of microstructure in the heat-affected-zone of steady state welds, Can. Metall. Quarterly 32, No. 4, pp 351-361, 1993
182. Goldak J., Chakravarti A. and Bibby M. A finite element model for welding heat sources, Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 15B, pp 299-305, June 1984
183. Bibby M. J., Eastman K. and Goldak J. A. Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 14B, p 483,1983
184. Cameron S. IEEE Computational Graphics Applications, Vol. 68, May 1991
185. Strang G. Introduction to applied Mathematics, Wellesley Cambridge Press, Wellesly Massachusetts USA, 1986
186. Gu M., Goldak J. A. and Bibby M. J.; Computational heat transfer in welds with complex weld pool shapes, Adv. Manuf. Eng., Vol. 3. January 1991
187. Barlow J. A. One weld or two? The formation of a submergend arc weld pool, Welding Inst. Res. Bull., pp 177-180, June 1982
188. McKellinget J. and Szekely J. Metall. Trans., Vol. 17A, p 1139, 1986
189. Leslie W. C. The physical metallurgy of steels, McGraw-Hill Book Company, pp 256-276,1981
190. Andrews K. W. Journal of Iron Steel Institute, Vol. 203, p 721, 1965
191. Lu W. K. McMaster University, Private Communication to D. F. Watt.
192. Ion J. C. (1984). Modeling of microstructural changes in steels due to fusion welding, Doctoral Thesis, Lulea University.
193. Maynier Ph. and Drollet J. Creusot-Loire system for the prediction of the mechanical properties of low alloy steel products, hardenability concepts with application to steels, Trans. AIME, p 518, 1977
194. Adams C. M. Cooling rate and peak temperatures in fusion welding, Welding Journal AWS, Vol. 37, No. 5, p 210, 1958
195. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I Increased complexity, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 14 1-1 92,200 1
196. Goldak J. A. Modeling thermal stresses and distortions in welds, Recent Trends in Welding Research, Ed. David S. A. and Vitek J, (Materials Park, OH, ASM), pp 71-82,1990
197. McDill JMJ, Oddy AS, Goldak JA and Bennisson S. Finite element analysis of weld distortion in carbon and stainless steels, Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp 5 1-53, 1990
198. Ueda Y. and Yamakawa T. Analysis of thermal elastic-plastic stress and strain during welding by finite element method, JWRI, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 90-100, 1971
199. Goldak J. A., Oddy A., Gu M., Ma W., Mashaie A and Hughes E. Coupling heat transfer, microstructure evolution and thermal stress analysis in weld mechanics, IUTAM Symposium, Mechanical Effects of Welding, June 10-14, Lulea Sweden, 199 1
200. Gu M. and Goldak J. A. Steady state formulation for stress and distortion of welds, J of Eng. For Industry, Vol. 116, pp 467-474, Nov. 1994
201. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N., Hughes E. and Zhou J. Thermal Stress Analysis in Solids Near the Liquid Region in Welds. Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena, 3 Ed. By Cerjak H., The Institute of Materials, pp 543-570,1997
202. Hirt C. W., Amsden A. A. and Cook J. L. An arbitrary Lan-grangian- Eulerian computing method for all flow speeds," Journal Computational Phys., Vol. 14, No. 3, pp 227-253, 1974
203. Donea J. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element methods, computational methods for transient analysis, T. Belystschko T. and Hughes T. J. R., eds., Computational Methods in Mechanics, Vol. 1, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., pp 473-516, 1983
204. Haber R. B. A mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian displacement model for urgedeformation analysis in solid mechanics, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 43, pp 277-292, 1984
205. Koh H. M. and Haber R. B. "Elasto dynamic formulation of the Eulerian-Lagrangian kinematic description," ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 53, N0. 12, pp 839-845, 1986
206. Ghosh, S. and Kikuchi N. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element for urge deformation analysis of elastic-visco-plastic solids," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 86, pp 127-188, 1991
207. Paul R. and Dawson: On modeling of mechanical property changes during flat rolling of aluminum, Int. in Solids Structures, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp 947-968, 1987
208. Bergheau J. M., Pont D. and Leblond J. B. Three-dimensional simulation of a laser surface treatment through steady state computation in the heat source's commoving frame, Mechanical Effects of Welding, IUTAM Symposium, Lulea Sweden, June 199 1
209. Kojic M. and Bathe K.-J. The Effective-Stress-Function algorithm for thermoelastic-plasticity and creep, Int. Num. Math. Engineering, Vol. 24, pp 1509-1532,1987.
210. Bathe, K. J., Kojic M. and Walczak J. Some developments in methods for large strain elasto-plastic analysis, computational plasticity models software and applications I, D. R. J., Owen et al., eds., Pineridge Press, Swansea U. K., pp 263-279.
211. Oddy AS, Goldak JA and McDill JMJ. Transformation effects in the 3D finite element analysis of welds," in David S. A. and Viterk J. M., eds., Recent Trends in Welding Science and Technology TWR '89, ASM International, Materials Park OH, pp 97-101,1989
212. Hughes T. J. R. Numerical implementation of constitutive models: rate independent deviatoric plasticity, Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theoretical Foundation for Large-Scale Computations of Nonlinear Material Behavior, Northwestern Univ. Evanston IL, Oct. 24, 1983
213. Belytschko T. and Hughes T. Computational analysis for transient analysis, Vol. I, Computational Methods in Mechanics, North-Holland New York USA, pp 22-37,1983.
214. Dienes J. K. On the analysis of rotation and stress rate in deforming bodies, ACTA Mechanic, Vol. 32, pp 217-232, 1979.
215. Hill R. Aspects of invariance in solids mechanics, Advances in Applied Mechanics, Vol. 18, Academic Press, New York USA, pp 1-75, 1978.
216. Malvern L. E. Introduction in the mechanics of a continuous medium, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1969
217. Gurtin, M. E., An introduction in continuum mechanics, Academic Press, New York.
218. Hoger, A., Carlson, D. E. Determination of the stretch and rotation in the polar decomposition of the deformation gradient, Quart. of Appl. Math., Brown University, pp 113-1 17, April 1984
219. Gu M. (1992). Computational weld analysis for long welds. Doctoral thesis Carleton University.
220. Masubuchi, K. Analysis of welded structures, N. Y., Pergamon Press, pp 119-120,1980
221. Oddy, AS, McDill, JMJ., and Goldak, JA. Consistent strain fields in 3D finite element analysis of welds, ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, August, pp 309-3 1 1, August 1990
222. Goldak J. A. and Gu M. Computational weld mechanics of the steady state, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 2, Ed. H. Cerjak, The Institute of Metals, pp 207-225, 1995
223. Gu M.,Goldak J. A. Steady state thermal analysis of welds with filler metal addition, Can. Met., Vol. 32, pp 49-55,1993
224. Matsunawa A. Modeling of heat and fluid flow in arc welding, Recent Trends in Welding Science and Technology, Ed. David S. A. and Vitek J (Materials Park, OH, ASM), pp 1-12, 1993
225. Goldak J. A., Zhou J., Breiguine V. and Montoya F. Thermal stress analysis of welds from melting point to room temperature, JWRI, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp 185-189,1996
226. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V. and Dai N. Computational weld mechanics; A progress report on ten grand challenges, International Trends in Welding Research, Gatlinburg Tennessee, June 5-9 1995
227. Weber G. and Anand L. Finite deformation constitutive equations and a time integration procedure for isotropic, hyperelastic-viscolplastic solids. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 79, pp 173-202, 1990
228. Richter F: Die wichtigsten physikalischen Eigenschaften von 52 Eisenwerkstoffen, Heft 8, Stahleisen Sonderberichte, Verlag Stahleisen, Duesseldorf Germany, 1973
229. Weber G., Lush A., Zavaliangos A. and Anand L. An objective timeintegration procedure for isotropic rate independent and rate dependent elastic-plastic constitutive equations, International Journal of Plasticity 6, pp 701-774, 1990
230. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N. and Zhou J. Thermal stress analysis in welds for hot cracking, ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Jan. 24, 1996
231. Le Tallec P. Numerical analysis of viscoelastic problems, Masson. Paris, 1990
232. Brown S. B., Kim K. H. and Anand L. An internal variable constitutive model for hot working of metals, International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 5, pp 95-130,1989
233. Oddy AS, Goldak JA and McDill JMJ. Transformation plasticity and residual stresses in single-pass repair welds, ASME J Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 114, pp 33-38, 1992
234. Oddy AS, Goldak JA and McDill JMJ. Numerical analysis of transformation plasticity relation in 3D finite element analysis of welds, European Journal of Mechanics, AISolids, Vol. 9, No. 3 pp 253-263, 1990
235. Leblond J. B., Mottet G. and Devaux J. C. A theoretical and numerical approach to the plastic behavior of steels during phase transformation-11. Study of classical plasticity for ideal-plastic phase, Journal Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 34, pp 41 1-432, 1986
236. Oddy AS, Goldak JA and Reed RC. Martensite formation, transformation plasticity and stress in high strength steel welds, Proc. of the 3rd Int. Conf. on Trends in Welding Research, pp 13 1-137, 1992
237. Goldak J. A. Bibby M. J. and Gu M. Heat and fluid flow in welds, Proceedings of the International Institute of Welding Congress on Joining Research, Ed. T. H. North, Chapman and Hall, pp 69-82, July 1990
238. Ashby M. F. Physical modeling of materials problems, Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 8, pp 102-1 11, 1992
239. Radaj D. Eigenspannungen und Verzug beim Schweissen, Rechen-und Messverfahren, Fachbuchreihe Schweisstechnik, DVS-Verlag GmbH, Duesseldorf 2000
240. Matsuda F., Tomita S. Quantitative evaluation of solidification brittleness of weld metal by MIS0 technique, Recent Trends in Welding Science and Technology, Ed. David S. A and Vitek I., (Materials Park, OH, ASM), pp 689-694,1993
241. Chihoski Russel A. Expansion and Stress Around Aluminum Weld Puddles, Welding Research Supplement, pp 263s-276s, Sep. 1979
242. Pilipenko A (2001) Computer simulation of residual stress and distortion of thick plates in multielectrode submerged arc welding. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
243. Hibbitt H. D., Marcal P. V. A numerical thermo-mechanical model for the welding and subsequent loading of a fabricated structure, Comp. & Struct., Vol. 3, pp 1 145-1 174, 1973.
244. Gu M., Goldak J. A. and Hughes E. Modeling the evolution of microstructure in the heat-affected-zone of steady state welds, Can. Metall. Quarterly 32, No. 4, pp 351-361, 1993
245. Pate1 B. (1985). Thermo-elasto-plastic finite element formulation for deformation and residual stresses due to welds. PhD Thesis, Carleton University. Kiefner J. Effects of flowing products on line weld ability, Oil and Gas Journal, pp 49-54, July 18 1988
246. Kiefner J. and Fischer R. Models aid in pipeline repair welding procedure, Oil and Gas Journal, pp 4 1-547, March 7 1988
247. Zhang C. and Goldak J. A. Computer simulation of 3D hydrogen diffusion in low alloy steel weldment, IIW Doc. IX-1662-92
248. Liubov B. Em Diffuzionnye protsessy v neodnorodnykh tverdykh sredakh, (diffusion processes in inhomogeneous solids), Moscow Nauka, 198 1.
249. Kurz W. and Fisher R. Fundamentals of Solidification, Trans. Tech. Publications, Switzerland-Germany-UK-USA, 1989
250. Umantsev A. R., Vinogradov V. V. and V. T. Borisov V. T. Mathematical model of growth of dendrites in a super cooled melt. Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 30: # 3, pp 262-265,1985
251. Artemev A. and Goldak J. A. Cellular simulation of the dendrite growth in Al-Si alloys, Canadian Metal. Quart, Vo1. 36, pp 57-64, 1997
252. PRC-185-9515, PRC Project: Repair of Pipelines by Direct Deposition of Weld Metal-Further Studies, August 3 1995
253. Henwood C. Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Watt D. F. Coupled transient heat transfer microstructure weld computations, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 3037-3046,1988
254. Goldak J. A., Mocanita M., Aldea V., Zhou J., Downey D., Dorling D. Predicting burn-through when welding on pressurized pipelines, Proceedings of PVP'2000, 2000 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Seattle Washington USA, July 23-27 2000
255. Artemev A., Goldak J. and Mocanita M. Carburization during welding on pressurized natural gas pipelines, ICES'2K, Los Angles CA USA, Aug. 21-25 2000
256. Goldak J., Breiguine V., Dai N., Zhou J. Thermal stress analysis in welds for hot cracking, AMSE, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division PVP, Proceeding of the 1996 ASME PVP Conf., July 2 1-26, Montreal.
257. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N., Zhou J. Thermal stress analysis in welds for hot cracking, Editor H. Cerjak H., 3rd Seminar, Numerical Analysis of Weld ability, Graz, Austria, Sept. 25-26 1995.
258. Watt D. F., Coon L., Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Henwood C. Modeling microstructural development in weld heat affected zones, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, no 11, pp 3029-3035,1988.
259. Goldak J. A., Gu M., Zhang W., Dai N., Artemev A., Gravellie B., Glover A. and Smallman C. Modeling the slit test for assessing sensitivity to hydrogen cracking, International Conference Proceedings on modeling and Control of Joining Processes, Orlando Florida USA, Dec. 8-10 1993
260. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N., Hughes E. and Zhou J. Thermal Stress Analysis in Solids Near the Liquid Region in Welds. Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena, 3 Ed. By Cerjak H., The Institute of Materials, pp 543-570,1997
261. Crank J. Mathematics of Diffusion, 1975
262. Larche F. C. and Cahn J. W. The effect of self-stress on diffusion in solids, Act Met., Vol. 30, pp 1835-1845, 1982
263. Sofronis P. and Birnbaum H. K. Hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity: A mechanism for hydrogen related fracture, Fatigue and fracture of aerospace structural materials, ASME, Vol. 36, pp 15-30, 1993
264. Bai Q., Chu W. and Hsiao C. Partial molar strain field of hydrogen in alpha-Fe, Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 21, pp 613-618, 1987
265. Alefeld G. and Volkl J. Hydrogen in Metals I; Basic Properties, Springer Verlag, Berlin Germany, 1978
266. Yurioka N., Suzuki H. and Ohshita S. Determination of necessary preheating temperature in steel welding, welding Journal AWS, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp 147s-154s, 1983
267. Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A., Jefferson I. and Bowker J. A methodology for computing heat affected zone hardness, microstructure and preheat temperature, Computer Technology in Welding, Cambridge UK, June 8-9 1988
268. Zhang C. Numerical simulation of the hydrogen accumulation at the microscopic scale in a low-alloy steel weldment, 3"l International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, Graz Seggau Austria, Sept. 24-27 1995
269. Streitenberger P. and Koch M. Stress-driven diffusion of impurities near crack-like singularities and mechanisms of dynamic intergranular embrittlement, 5th International Seminar on Numerical Analysis of Weldability, Graz Seggau Austria, Oct. 1999
270. Dubois D. et al: Numerical simulation of a welding operation: Calculation of residual stresses and hydrogen diffusion, Int. Conf. on Pressure Vessel Tech. San Francisco, Sept. 9-14 1984.
271. Rauh H., Hippsley A. and Bullogh R. The effect of mixed-mode loading on stress-driven solute segregation during high-temperature brittle intergranular fracture, Acta Met., 37(1), pp 269-279, 1989
272. Bibby M. J., Yurioka N., Gianetto J. A. and Chan B. Predictive methods for managing hydrogen in welding applications; Hydrogen Management for Welding Applications Proceedings of International Workshop, Ottawa Canada, October 6-8, 1998
273. Yurioka N., Suzuki H., Ohshita S. and Saito S. Determination of necessary preheating temperature in steel welding, Welding Journal, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp 147s-153s, 1983
274. Wang W. W., Lui S. and Olson D. L. Consequences of weld under matching and over matching; Non-uniform hydrogen distribution, Materials Engineering Proceedings of the 15'~In ternational Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Artic ~ i ~ i n e e r iAnS~M, E Part 3 (of 6), Vol. 3, pp 403-409, 1996
275. Wang W. W., Wong R., Liu S. and Olson D. L. Use of martensite start temperature for hydrogen control, Welding and Weld Automation in Shipbuilding Proceedings, TMS Materials Week 95, Cleveland, pp 17-31, 1995
276. Olson D. L., Liu S., Wang W., Pieters R. R. G. M. and Ibarra S. Martensite start temperature as a weldability index, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Trends in Welding Research, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio USA, pp 6 15-620, 1996
277. Olson D. L., Maroef I, Lensing C., Smith R. D., Wang W. W., Lui S., Wilderman T. and Eberhart M. Hydrogen management in high strength steel weldments, Proceedings of Hydrogen Management in Steels Weldments, Melbourne Australia, Pub. Defence and Technology Organization and Welding Technology Institute of Australia, ISBN 0 7311 0809 4, pp 1-20, 1997
278. Yurioka N and Suzuki H. Hydrogen assisted cracking in C-Mn and low alloy steel weldments, International Materials Reviews, Institute of Metals and ASM International, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp 217-250, 1990
279. Yurioka N., Okumura M., Ohshita S. and Shoja S. On the method of determining preheating temperature necessary to avoid cold cracking in steel welding, IIW Doc. XI-E-10-8 1,24 pgs, 198 1
280. Armero F. and Love E. An ALE finite element method for finite strain plasticity, ECCM European Conference on Computational Mechanics, Cracow Poland, June 26-29 2001
281. Yang Y. P. and Brust F. W. Welding-induced distortion control techniques in heavy industries, Symposium on weld residual stresses and fracture 2000, ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Seattle WA USA, July 23-27 2000 The procedure Handbook, Lincoln Electric Company, 12'~E d., 1973
282. Henwood C. Bibby M. J., Goldak J. A. and Watt D. F. Coupled transient heat transfer microstructure weld computations, Acta Metal, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 3037-3046,1988
283. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N., Zhou J. Thermal stress analysis in welds for hot cracking, Editor H. Cerjak H., 3rd Seminar, Numerical Analysis of Weld ability, Graz, Austria, Sept. 25-26 1995.
284. Goldak J. A., Mocanita M., Aldea V., Zhou J., Downey D., Dorling D. Predicting burn-through when welding on pressurized pipelines, Proceedings of PVP'2000, 2000 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Seattle Washington USA, July 23-27 2000
285. Goldak J. and Mocanita M. Computational weld mechanics and welded structures
286. Goldak J. A., Mocanita M., Aldea V., Zhou J., Downey D. and Zypchen A. Is real time CWM feasible? Recent progress in CWM; 5'h International Seminar Numerical Analysis of Weldability, IIW Com. IX, Graz-Seggau Austria, Oct. 1999
287. Goldak J. Input data for computational weld mechanics, Carleton University, Nov. 1 2002
288. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N., Hughes E. and Zhou J. Thermal Stress Analysis in Solids Near the Liquid Region in Welds. Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena, 3 Ed. By Cerjak H., The Institute of Materials, pp 543-570,1997
289. Sudnik V. A. Research into fusion welding technologies based on physicalmathematical models, Welding and Cutting, pp 2 16-2 17, 199 1
290. Zienkiewicz O. C. and Taylor R. L. The finite element method, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1, page 170, McGraw-Hill, 1988
291. Wachpress E. High order curved finite elements, Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 17, pp 735745,1981
292. McDill JM, Oddy AS. and Goldak JA. An adaptive mesh-management algorithm for three-dimensional automatic finite element analysis, Transactions of CSME, Vol. 15, No 1, pp 57-69, 199 1
293. Gu M. and Goldak J. A. Mixing thermal shell and brick elements in fea of welds, Proc. of loth Int. Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Eng. (OMAE), Vol. 111-A Materials Eng., p 1, 199 1
294. Naesstroem M. Wikander L., Karlsson L., Lindgren L-E. and Goldak J. Combined 3D and shell modeling of welding, IUTAM Symposium on the Mechanical Effects of Welding, p 197, 1992
295. McDill JMJ., Runnemalm KH and Oddy AS. An 8-to 16-node solid graded shell element for far-field applications in 3D thermal-mechanical fea, the 12'~ Int. Conf. on Mathematical and Computer Modeling and Scientific Computing, Chicago USA, 2-4 Aug. 1999
296. Lindgren L-E., Haeggblad H-A., McDill JMJ. and Oddy AS. Automatic remeshing for three-dimensional finite element simulation of welding, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 147, pp 401-409,1997
297. Runnemalm H. and Hyun S. Three-dimensional welding analysis using an adaptive mesh scheme, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 189, pp 5 15-523,2000
298. Siva Parsad N. and Sankaranarayanan T. K. Estimation of residual stresses in weldments using adaptive grids, Computers & Structures, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp 1037-1045,1996
299. McDill JMJ. and Oddy AS. A non-conforming eight to 26-node hexahedron for three-dimensional thermal-elastoplastic finite element analysis, Computers & Structures, Vol. 54, pp 183-189, 1995.
300. McDill JMJ, Goldak JA, Oddy AS, and Bibby MJ. Isoparametric quadrilaterals and hexahedrons for mesh-grading elements, Comm. Applied Nu. Methods, Vol. 3, pp 155-163, 1987
301. McDill JM, Oddy AS. and Goldak JA. An adaptive mesh-management algorithm for three-dimensional automatic finite element analysis, Transactions of CSME, Vol. 15, No 1, pp 57-69, 1991
302. McDill JMJ. and Oddy AS. Arbitrary coarsening for adaptive mesh management in automatic finite element analysis, J Math. Modeling & Sci. Comp., Vol. 2B, pp 1072-1077,1993
303. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of Welding Part 111, Efficiency and integration, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 305-334,2001
304. Sudnik W., Radaj D. and Erofeew W. Validation of computerized simulation of welding processes, Ed. Cerjak H., Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena, Vol. 4, pp 477-493,1998
305. Sudnik W., Radaj D., Breitschwerdt S. and Erofeew W. Numerical simulation of weld pool geometry in laser beam welding; J Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 33, pp 662-671,2000
306. Karlsson R. I. and Josefson B. L. Three dimensional finite element analysis of temperature and stresses in single pass butt welding, J Pressure Vessel Technology, Trans. ASME, 1987
307. Lindgren L. E. and Karlsson L. Deformation and stresses in welding of shell structures, Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 25, pp 635-655, 1988
308. Goldak J. Keynote address modeling thermal stresses and distortions in welds, Resent Trends in Welding Science and Technology TWR,89, Proc. of the 2"d International Conference on Trends in welding Research, Gatlinburg Tennessee USA, 14-18 May 1989
309. Rybicki E. F. and Stonesifer R. B. Computation of residual stresses due to multipass welds in piping systems, ASME J., Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 101, pp 149-154, 1979
310. Radaj D. Heat effects of welding: temperature field, residual stress, distortion. Springer, 1992
311. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I Increased complexity, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 141-192, 2001
312. Ueda Y. and Murakawa H. Applications of computer and numerical analysis techniques in welding research, Trans. of JWRI, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp 337-346, 1984
313. Leung C. K. and Pick R. J. Finite element analysis of multipass welds in piping systems, Trans. ASME, J. Press. V. Tech., Vol. 101, pp 149-154, May 1979
314. Goldak J. Oddy A., Gu M., Ma W., Mashaie A. and Hughes E. Coupling heat transfer, microstructure evolution and thermal stress analysis in weld mechanics, IUTAM sym. Lulea Sweden, June 199 1
315. Chakravarti A. P., Malik L. M., Rao A. S. and Goldak J. A. Prediction of distortion in overlayed repair welds, 5th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Thermal Problems, Swansea UK, July 1985
316. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V. and Dai N. Computational weld mechanics; A progress report on ten grand challenges, International Trends in Welding Research, Gatlinburg Tennessee, June 5-9 1995
317. Chihoski Russel A. Understanding weld cracking in Aluminum sheet, Welding Journal, Vol. 25, pp 24-30, Jan. 1972
318. Goldak J. A., Breiguine V., Dai N. and Zhou J. Thermal stress analysis in welds for hot cracking, ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Jan. 24, 1996
319. Tvergaard V. and Needleman A. Analysis of the Charpy V-notch test for welds, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 65, pp 627-643,2000
320. Goldak J. A. and Nguyen D. S. A fundamental difficulty in Charpy V-notch testing narrow zones in welds, Welding Journal, April 1977
321. O'Donoghue, Kanninen M. F., Leung C. P., Demofonti G. and Venzi S. The development and validation of a dynamic fracture propagation model for gas transmission pipelines
322. Feng Z, Zacharia T. and David SA. On the thermo mechanical conditions for weld metal solidification cracking, The Institute of Materials, Mathematical Modeling of Weld Phenomena 3, Ed. By Cerjak H., 1997
323. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I Increased complexity, J of Thermal stresses 24, pp 141-192,2001
324. Lindgren L-E. Finite element modeling and simulation of welding Part I1 Improved material modeling, J of Thermal Stresses 24, pp 195-23 1,2001
325. Graville Brian A. Cold cracking control in welds; Published by Dominion Bridge Company, Montreal Quebec Canada, 1975
326. Nguyen D. S. (1975). Effects of heat input on electron beam welds in a C-Mn-Mo-Nb steel. Master's Thesis, Carleton University.
327. Andersson, BAB. Thermal stresses in a submerged-arc welded joint considering phase transformations, J Eng. & Tech. Trans. ASME, Vol. 100, 1978, pp 356-362
328. Jonsson M., Karlsson L. and Lindgren L. E., Deformations and stresses in butt-welding of large plates, in R. W. Lewis (ed. ), Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer, Vol. 111, p 35, Wiley 1985
329. Chihoslu Russel A. Expansion and Stress Around Aluminum Weld Puddles, Welding Research Supplement, pp 263s-276s, Sep. 1979
330. Chihoski Russel A. The character of stress fields around a weld arc moving on Aluminum sheet, Welding Research Supplement, pp 9s-18s, Jan. 1972
331. Matsuda F., Nakagawa H., Nakata K. Kohmoto H. and Honda Y. Trans. of JWRI, Vol. 12, No 1, pp 65-72, 1983
332. Lin W, Lippold JC and Baeslack WA. Welding J Vol. 72, No 4, pp 135s-153s, 1993
333. Arata Y, Matsuda F, Nakata K. and Sasaki I. Trans. Of JWRI, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp 53-67, 1976
334. Matsuda F. and Tomita S. Quantitative evolution of solidification brittleness of welded metal by MIS0 technique, Proceedings International Trends in Welding Research, Gatlinburg Tennessee, June 1-4 1992
335. Needleman A. and Tvergaard V. A micromechanical analysis of the ductilebrittle transition at a weld, Eng. Fract. Mech., Vol. 62, pp 317-318, 1999
336. Tvergaard V. and Needleman A. Effect of material rate sensitivity on failure modes in the Charpy V-notch test, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 34, pp 2 13-24 1, 1986
337. Tvergaard V. and Needleman A. An analysis of temperature and rate dependence of Charpy V-notch energies for high nitrogen steel, Int. J Fract., Vol. 37, pp 197-215, 1988