Analysis and characterization of probability distribution and small-scale spatial variability of rainfall in singapore using a dense gauge network

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 52, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 2781-2796

  Mandapaka, Pradeep V ^a   Qin, Xiaosheng ^b  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^b NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Maritime Continent; Microscale processes variability; Rainfall; Seasonal variability; Small scale processes; Statistical techniques

Indexed keywords

MARITIME CONTINENT; MICROSCALE PROCESSES/VARIABILITY; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SMALL-SCALE PROCESS; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES;

ANISOTROPY; COMPLEX NETWORKS; GAGES; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; RAIN GAGES;

RAIN;

POWER LAW; PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; PROBABILITY; RAINFALL; RAINGAUGE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIAL VARIATION;

SINGAPORE [SOUTHEAST ASIA];

EID: 84890836062     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: 15588432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0115.1     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Aldrian, E., and R. D. Susanto, 2003: Identification of three dominant rainfall regions within Indonesia and their relationship to sea surface temperature. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1435-1452.
2. Berndtsson, R., 1988: Temporal variability in spatial correlation of daily rainfall. Water Resour. Res., 24, 1511-1517.
3. Bidin, K., and N. A. Chappell, 2003: First evidence of a structured and dynamic spatial pattern of rainfall within a small humid tropical catchment. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 7, 245-253.
4. Bidin, K., and N. A. Chappell, 2006: Characteristics of rain events at an inland locality in northeastern Borneo, Malaysia. Hydrol. Processes, 20, 3835-3850.
5. Brissette, F., M. Khalili, and R. Leconte, 2007: Efficient stochastic generation of multi-site synthetic precipitation data. J. Hydrol., 345 (3), 121-133.
6. Burgueño, A., B. Codina, A. Redaño, and J. Lorente, 1994: Basic statistical characteristics of hourly rainfall amounts in Barcelona (Spain). Theor. Appl. Climatol., 49 (3), 175-181.
7. Chang, C., P. Harr, and H.-J. Chen, 2005: Synoptic disturbances over the equatorial South China Sea and western Maritime Continent during boreal winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 489-503.
8. Chia, L. S., and F. S. Foong, 1991: Climate and weather. The Biophysical Environment of Singapore, D. B. H. Tay, L. S. Chia, and A. Rahman, Eds., National University of Singapore Press, 13-49.
9. Ciach, G. J., and W. F. Krajewski, 1999: On the estimation of radar rainfall error variance. Adv. Water Resour., 22, 585-595.
10. Ciach, G. J., and W. F. Krajewski, 2006: Analysis and modeling of spatial correlation structure in small-scale rainfall in central Oklahoma. Adv. Water Resour., 29, 1450-1463.
11. Desa, M. N., and J. Niemczynowicz, 1996a: Temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Atmos. Res., 42 (1-4), 263-277.
12. Desa, M. N., and J. Niemczynowicz, 1996b: Spatial variability of rainfall in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Long and short term characteristics. Hydrol. Sci. J., 41, 345-362.
13. Erdin, R., C. Frei, and R. Kunsch, 2012: Data transformation and uncertainty in geostatistical combination of radar and rain gauges. J. Hydrometeor., 13, 1332-1346.
14. Fong, M., 2012: The Weather and Climate of Singapore. Meteorological Service Singapore, 228 pp.
15. Germann, U., and I. Zawadzki, 2002: Scale-dependence of the predictability of precipitation from continental radar images. Part I: Description of the methodology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2859-2873.
16. Ha, K.-J., E.-H. Jeon, and H.-M. Oh, 2007: Spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation using an extensive network of ground gauge in the Korean peninsula. Atmos. Res., 86, 330-339.
17. Habib, E., W. F. Krajewski, and G. J. Ciach, 2001: Estimation of rainfall interstation correlation. J. Hydrometeor., 2, 621-629.
18. Hanson, L., and R. Vogel, 2008: The probability distribution of daily rainfall in the United States. Proc. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Honolulu, HI, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1-10.
19. Hosking, J. R. M., 1990: L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 52B, 105-124.
20. Hosking, J. R. M. and J. Wallis, 1997: Regional Frequency Analysis-An Approach Based on L-Moments. Cambridge University Press, 224 pp.
21. Huff, F., and W. Shipp, 1969: Spatial correlations of storm, monthly and seasonal precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 542-550.
22. Ichikawa, H., and T. Yasunari, 2006: Time-space characteristics of diurnal rainfall over Borneo and surrounding oceans as observed by TRMM-PR. J. Climate, 19, 1238-1260.
23. Kedem, B., and L. Chiu, 1987: On the lognormality of rain rate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 901-905.
24. Khalili, M., R. Leconte, and F. Brissette, 2007: Stochastic multisite generation of daily precipitation data using spatial autocorrelation. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 396-412.
25. Krajewski, W. F., G. J. Ciach, and E. Habib, 2003: An analysis of small-scale rainfall variability in different climatic regimes. Hydrol. Sci. J., 48, 151-162.
26. Mandapaka, P. V., W. F. Krajewski, G. J. Ciach, G. Villarini, and J. A. Smith, 2009: Estimation of radar-rainfall error spatial correlation. Adv. Water Resour., 32, 1020-1030.
27. Mori, S., and Coauthors, 2004: Diurnal land-sea rainfall peak migration over Sumatera Island, Indonesian Maritime Continent, observed by TRMM satellite and intensive rawinsonde soundings. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2021-2039.
28. Moron, V., A. W. Robertson, M. N. Ward, and P. Camberlin, 2007: Spatial coherence of tropical rainfall at the regional scale. J. Climate, 20, 5244-5263.
29. Pedersen, L., N. E. Jensen, L. E. Christensen, and H. Madsen, 2010: Quantification of the spatial variability of rainfall based on a dense network of rain gauges. Atmos. Res., 95, 441-454.
30. Qian, J.-H., 2008: Why precipitation is mostly concentrated over islands in the Maritime Continent. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1428-1441.
31. Sharon, D., 1978: Rainfall fields in Israel and Jordan and the effect of cloud seeding on them. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 40-48.
32. Stol, P., 1972: The relative efficiency of the density of rain-gage networks. J. Hydrol., 15 (3), 193-208.
33. Suhaila, J., S. M. Deni, W. Z. W. Zin, and A. A. Jemain, 2010: Spatial patterns and trends of daily rainfall regime in peninsular Malaysia during the southwest and northeast monsoons: 1975-2004. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 110 (1-2), 1-18.
34. Sumner, G., and M. Bonell, 1988: Variation in the spatial organisation of daily rainfall during the North Queensland wet seasons, 1979-82. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 39 (2), 59-72.
35. Tangang, F. T., L. Juneng, E. Salimun, P. N. Vinayachandran, Y. K. Seng, C. J. C. Reason, S. K. Behera, and T. Yasunari, 2008: On the roles of the northeast cold surge, the Borneo vortex, the Madden-Julian oscillation, and the Indian Ocean dipole during the extreme 2006/2007 flood in southern peninsular Malaysia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14S07, doi:10.1029/2008GL033429.
36. Teo, C.-K., T.-Y. Koh, J. C.-F. Lo, and B. C. Bhatt, 2011: Principal component analysis of observed and modeled diurnal rainfall in the Maritime Continent. J. Climate, 24, 4662-4675.
37. Tokay, A., and K. Öztürk, 2012: An experimental study of the small-scale variability of rainfall. J. Hydrometeor., 13, 351-365.
38. Varikoden, H., B. Preethi, A. A. Samah, and C. A. Babu, 2011: Seasonal variation of rainfall characteristics in different intensity classes over peninsular Malaysia. J. Hydrol., 404 (1-2), 99-108.
39. Velasco-Forero, C. A., D. Sempere-Torres, E. F. Cassiraga, and J. J. Gómez-Hernández, 2009: A non-parametric automatic blending methodology to estimate rainfall fields from rain gauge and radar data. Adv. Water Resour., 32, 986-1002.
40. Villarini, G., P. V. Mandapaka, W. F. Krajewski, and R. Moore, 2008a: Rainfall and sampling uncertainties: A rain gauge perspective. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11102, doi:10.1029/2007JD009214.
41. Villarini, G., F. Serinaldi, and W. F. Krajewski, 2008b: Modeling radarrainfall estimation uncertainties using parametric and nonparametric approaches. Adv. Water Resour., 31, 1674-1686.
42. Vogel, R., and N. Fennessey, 1993: Lmoment diagrams should replace product moment diagrams. Water Resour. Res., 29, 1745-1752.
43. Watts, I. E. M., 1955: Rainfall of Singapore island. J. Trop. Geogr., 7, 1-71.
44. Zawadzki, I., 1973: Statistical properties of precipitation patterns. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 459-472.
45. Zhou, L. and Y. Wang, 2006: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission observation and regional model study of precipitation diurnal cycle in the New Guinean region. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17104, doi:10.1029/2006JD007243.