Fractal networks of inter-granular voids in pressed TATB

Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 831-840

  Mang, Joseph T ^a   Hjelm, Rex P ^a  

^a LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Fractals; Porosity; SANS; TATB

Indexed keywords

INSENSITIVE HIGH EXPLOSIVE; SANS; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING; SURFACE AREA ANALYSIS; SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSIONS; SYSTEMATIC CHANGES; TATB; VOLUME FRACTAL DIMENSIONS;

FRACTALS; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; NEUTRON SCATTERING; POROSITY;

FRACTAL DIMENSION;

EID: 84890562144     PISSN: 07213115     EISSN: 15214087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prep.201200207     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. C. Tarver, S. Chidester, A. Nichols, Critical Conditions for Impact- and Shock-induced Hot Spots in Solid Explosives, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 5794.
2. J. T. Mang, R. P. Hjelm, E. G. Francois, Measurement of Porosity in a Composite High Explosive as a Function of Pressing Conditions by Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron Scattering with Contrast Variation, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2010, 35, 7.
3. J. T. Mang, R. P. Hjelm, Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Contrast Variation Measurement of the Interfacial Surface Area in PBX 9501 as a Function of Pressing Conditions, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2011, 36, 439.
4. R. Lee, G. Bloom, W. von Holle, R. Weingart, L. Erickson, S. Sanders, C. Slettevold, R. Mcguire, The Relationship Between the Shock Sensitivity and the Solid Pores Sizes of TATB Powders Pressed to Various Densities, 8th Symposium (International)on Detonation, Albuquerque, NM, USA, July 15-19, 1985.
5. P. Fratzl, G. Vogl, S. Klaumunzer, Small-Angle Scattering from Porous Amorphous Substances, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1991, 24, 588.
6. P. R. Laity, R. E. Cameron, Changes in Small-Angle X-ray Scattering During Powder Compaction-An Explanation Based on Granule Deformation, Powder Technol. 2010, 198, 404.
7. T. Willey, T. van Buuren, J. Lee, G. Overturf, J. Kinney, J. Handly, B. Weeks, J. Ilavsky, Changes in Pore Size Distribution Upon Thermal Cycling of TATB-based Explosives Measured by Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech. 2006, 31, 466
8. D. G. Thompson, G. W. Brown, B. Olinger, J. T. Mang, B. Patterson, R. DeLuca, S. Hagelberg, The Effects of TATB Ratchet Growth on PBX 9502, Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech. 2010, 35, 507.
9. C. A. Stoltz, B. P. Mason, J. Hooper, Neutron Scattering Study of Internal Void Structure in RDX, J. Appl. Phys. 2010, 107, 103527.
10. D. M. Hoffman, T. M. Willey, A. R. Mitchell, S. C. Depiero, Comparison of New and Legacy TATBs, J. Energ. Mater. 2008, 26, 139.
11. J. K. Dienes, Q. H. Zuo, J. D. Kershner, Impact Initiation of Explosives and Propellants via Statistical Crack Mechanics, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2006, 54, 1237.
12. R. F. Reidy, A. J. Allen, S. Kreuger, Small Angle Neutron Scattering Characterization of Colloidal and Fractal Aerogels, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2001, 285, 181.
13. M. H. Reich, I. K. Snook, H. K. Wagenfeld, A Fractal Interpretation of the Effect of Drying on the Pore Structure of Victorian Brown Coal, Fuel 1992, 71, 669.
14. R. R. Wixom, A. S. Tappan, A. L. Brundage, R. Knepper, M. B. Ritchey, J. R. Michael, M. J. Rye, Characterization of Pore Morphology in Molecular Crystal Explosives by Focused Ion-Bean Nanotomography, J. Mater. Res. 2010, 25, 1362.
15. K. M. Cheng, X. Y. Liu, D. B. Guan, T. Xu, Z. Wei, Fractal Analysis of TATB-Based Explosive AFM Morphology at Different Conditions, Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech. 2007, 32, 301
16. Y. Wang, X. Song, D. Song, W. Jiang, H. Liu, F. Li, Dependence of the Mechanical Sensitivity on the Fractal Characteristics of Octahydro-1,3,5,7- tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine Particles, Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech. 2011, 36, 505.
17. J. M. McAfee, C. B. Skidmore, G. S. Cunningham, R. A. Nelson, Explosive Morphology from Fractal Analysis of Micrographs, 11th Symposium (International)on Detonation, Snowmass, CO, August 30-September 4, 1998.
18. A. J. Hurd, D. W. Schaefer, D. M. Smith, S. R. Ross, A. L. Mehaute, S. Spooner, Surface Areas of Fractally Rough Particles Studied by Scattering, Phys. Rev. B. 1989, 39, 9742.
19. O. Glatter, O. Kratky, Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Academic Press, London, 1982.
20. J. H. Lee, G. Beaucage, S. E. Praatsinis, S. Vemury, Fractal Analysis of Flame-Synthesized Nanostructured Silica and Titania Powders with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, Langmuir 1998, 14, 5751.
21. J. Teixeira, Small-Angle Scattering by Fractal Systems, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1988, 21, 781.
22. L. M. Anovitz, G. W. Lynn, D. R. Cole, G. Rother, L. F. Allard, W. A. Hamilton, L. Porcar, M. H. Kim, A New Approach to Quantification of Metamorphism Using Ultra-Small and Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2009, 73, 7303.
23. A. Emmerling, R. Petricevic, A. Beck, P. Wang, H. Scheller, J. Fricke, Relationship between Optical Transparency and Nanostructural Features of Silica Aerogels, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1995, 185, 240
24. K. Sinko, V. Torma, A. Kovacs, SAXS Investigation of Porous Nanostructures, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2008, 354, 5466.
25. N. F. Berk, K. A. Hardman-Rhyne, Characterization of Alumina Powder Using Multiple Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Part I. Theory, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1985, 18, 467.
26. J. Schelten, W. Schmatz, Multiple-Scattering Treatment for Small-Angle Scattering Problems, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1980, 13, 385.
27. M. Monkenbusch, DEMUX/MUX: Removal of Multiple Scattering From Small-Angle Data, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1991, 24, 955.
28. J. G. Barker, C. J. Glinka, J. J. Moyer, M. H. Kim, A. R. Drews, M. Agamalian, Design and Performance of a Thermal-Neutron Double-Crystal Diffractometer for USANS at NIST, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2005, 38, 1004.
29. C. J. Glinka, J. G. Barker, B. Hammouda, S. Kreuger, J. J. Moyer, W. J. Orts, The 30 m Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instruments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1998, 31, 430.
30. S. R. Kline, Reduction and Analysis of SANS and USANS Data using Igor Pro, J Appl. Crystallogr. 2006, 39, 895.
31. J. Ilavsky and P. R. Jemian, Irena: tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2009, 42, 347.
32. NIST Summer School on Neutron Scattering and Reflectometry from Submicron Structures, Gaithersburg, VA, USA, June 26-30, 2006.
33. 2 on Carbons and Fumed Silicas at Liquid-Nitrogen Temperature, Langmuir 1992, 8, 360.
34. J. T. Mang, C. B. Skidmore, P. M. Howe, R. P. Hjelm, T. P. Rieker, Structural Characterization of Energetic Materials by Small Angle Scattering, AIP Conference Proceedings 2000, 505, 699.
35. J. T. Mang, C. B. Skidmore, R. P. Hjelm, P. M. Howe, Application of Small Angle Neutron Scattering to the Study of Porosity in Energetic Materials, J. Mater. Res. 2000, 15 1199.
36. H. L. Berghout, S. F. Son, C. B. Skidmore, D. J. Idar, B. W. Asay, Combustion of Damaged PBX 9501 Explosive, Thermochim. Acta 2002, 384, 261.