Genetic Toxicity of Riot Control Agents

Riot Control Agents: Issues in Toxicology, Safety and Health

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 183-200

  Durnford, Joyce M ^a  

^a BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890250854     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203497760-15     Document Type: Chapter

References (65)

1. ADLER, I.-D. (1984) Cytogenetic tests in mammals. In: S.Venitt and J.M. Parry (eds), Mutagenicity Testing: A Practical Approach, Oxford: IRL Press Ltd, pp 275-305.
2. AGRAWAL, R.C., WIESSLER, M., HECKER, E. et al. (1986) Tumor-promoting effect of chili extract in Balb/c mice, International Journal of Cancer, 38: 689-695.
3. AKAGI, A., SANO, N., UEHARA, H., MINAMI, T., OTSUKA, H., and IZUMI, K. (1998) Non-carcinogenicity of capsaicinoids in B6C3F1 Mice, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 31: 1065-1071.
4. AMES, B.N., MCCANN, J., and YAMASAKI, E. (1975) ‘Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test, Mutation Research, 31: 347-364.
5. ARCEO, S.D.B., MADRIGAL-BUJAIDAR, E., MONTELLANO, E.C., HERRERA, L.R., AND GARCIA, B.D.D. (1995) Genotoxic effects produced by capsaicin in mouse during subchronic treatment, Mutation Research, 345: 105-109.
6. ASHBY, J. and TENNANT, R.W. (1988) Chemical structure, Salmonella mutagenicity and extent of carcinogenicity as indicators of genotoxic carcinogenesis among 222 chemicals tested in rodents by the US NCI/NTP, Mutation Research, 204: 17-115.
7. AZIZAN, A. and BLEVINS, R.D. (1995) Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity testing of six chemicals associated with the pungent properties of specific spices as revealed by the Ames Salmonella/ microsomal assay, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 28: 248-258.
8. BALLANTYNE, B. (1977) Riot control agents (biochemical and health aspects of the use of chemicals in civil disturbances). In: R.B. SCOTT and J. FRAZER (eds), Medical Annual, Bristol: Wright and Songs, pp 7-41.
9. BALLANTYNE, B. and SWANSTON, D.W. (1978) The acute mammalian toxicity of 1-chloroacetopnenone (CN) and 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS), Archives of Toxicology, 40: 75-95.
10. BAUCHINGER, M. and SCHMID, E. (1992) Clastogenicity of 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) in V79 Chinese hamster cells, Mutation Research, 282: 231-234.
11. BUCHANAN, R.L., GOLDSTEIN, S., and BUDROE, J.D. (1981) Examination of chili pepper and nutmeg oleoresins using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay, Journal of Food Science, 47: 330-331.
12. BURGER, G.T., RENNE, R.A., SAGARTZ, J.W., AYRES, P.H., COGGINS, C.R., MOSBERG, A.T., and HAYES, A.W. (1989) Histologic changes in the respiratory tract induced by inhalation of xenobiotics: Physiologic adaptation or toxicity?, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 101: 521-542.
13. CATERINA, M.J., SCHUMACHER, M.A., TOMINAGA, M., ROSEN, T.A., LENIVE, J.D., and JULIUS, D. (1997) The capsaicin receptor: A heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway, Nature, 389: 816-824.
14. COLE, J. and ARLETT, C.F. (1984) The detection of gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells. In: S. VENITT and J.M. PARRY (eds), Mutagenicity Testing: A Practical Approach, Oxford: IRL Press Ltd, pp 233-274.
15. COLGRAVE, H.F., LEE, C.G., MARRS, T.C., and MORRIS, B. (1983) Repeated dose inhalation toxicity and mutagenicity-status of CR (dibenz-(b.f.)-1,4 oxazepine), British Journal of Pharmacology, 78: 169.
16. DAMHOERI, A., HOSONO, A., ITOH, T., and MATSUYAMA, A. (1985) In vitro mutagenicity tests on capsicum pepper, shallot and nutmeg oleoresins, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 49: 1519-1520.
17. GANNETT, P.M., NAGEL, D.L., REILLY, P.J., LAWSON, T., SHARPE, J., and TOTH, B. (1988) The capsaicinoids: Their separation, synthesis and mutagenicity, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 53:1071-1074.
18. GOPINATH, C., PRENTICE, D. E., and LEWIS, D. J. (1987) The respiratory system. In: Atlas of Experimental Toxicologic Pathology, Current Histopathology, G.A. GRESHAM (ed.), Norwell MA: MTP Press, pp 22-42.
19. GRAWE, J., NUSSE, M., and ADLER, I.-D. (1997) Quantitative and qualitative studies of micronucleus induction in mouse erythrocytes using flow cytometry. I. Measurement of micronucleus induction in peripheral blood polychromatic erythrocytes by chemicals with known and suspected genotoxicity, Mutagenesis, 12: 1-8.
20. JANG, J.J., CHO, K.J., LEE, Y.S., and BAE, J.H. (1991) Different modifying responses of capsaicin in a wide-spectrum initiation model of F344 rat, Journal of Korean Medical Science, 6: 31-36.
21. KIM, J.P., PARK, J.G., LEE, M.D., HAN, M.D., PARK, S.T. et al. (1985) Co-carcinogenic effects of several Korean foods on gastric cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats, Japanese Journal of Surgery, 15: 427-437.
22. LAHANN, T.R. (1986) Effect of capsaicin on croton oil and TPA induced tumorigenesis and inflammation, Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, 29: 145-149.
23. LAWSON, T. and GANNETT, P. (1989) The mutagenicity of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in V79 cells, Cancer Letters, 48: 109-113.
24. LEE, J.K., PARK, B.J., YOO, K.Y., and AHN, Y.O. (1995) Dietary factors and stomach cancer: A case-control study in Korea, International Journal of Epidemiology, 24: 33-41.
25. LOPEZ-CARILLO, L., AVILA, M.H., AND DUBROW, R. (1994) Chili pepper consumption and gastric cancer in Mexico: A case-control study, American Journal of Epidemiology, 139: 263-271.
26. MARRS, T.C., GRAY, M.I.H., COLGRAVE, H.F., and GALL, D. (1982) A repeated dose study of the toxicity of CR applied to the skin of mice, Toxicology Letters, 13: 259-265.
27. MARRS, T.C., COLGRAVE, H.F., and CROSS, N.L. (1983a) A repeated dose study of the toxicity of technical grade dibenz-(b.f.)-1,4 oxazepine in mice and hamsters, Toxicology Letters, 17: 13-21.
28. MARRS, T.C., COLGRAVE, H.F., CROSS, N.L., GAZZARD, M.F., and BROWN, R.F.R. (1983b) A repeated dose study of the toxicity of inhaled 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) aerosol in three species of laboratory animal, Archives of Toxicology, 52: 183-198.
29. MCGREGOR, D.B., BROWN, A., CATTANACH, P., EDWARDS, I., MCBRIDE, D., and CASPARY, W.J. (1988) Responses of the L5178Y tk + /tk- mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay II: 18 coded chemicals, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 11: 91-118.
30. MESHRAM, G.P., MALINI, R.P., and RAO, K.M. (1992) Mutagenicity evaluation of riot control agent o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test’, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 12: 377-384.
31. MILLER, B.M. and NUSSE, N. (1993) Analysis of micronuclei induced by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) using fluorescence in situ hybridization with telomeric and centromeric DNA probes, and flow cytometry, Mutagenesis, 8: 35-41.
32. NAGABHUSHAN, M. and BHIDE, S.V. (1985) Mutagenicity of chili extract and capsaicin in short term tests, Environmental Mutagenesis, 7: 881-888.
33. NARASIMHAMURTHY, M. and NARASIMHAMURTHY, K. (1988) Non-mutagenicity of capsaicin in albino mice, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 26: 955-958.
34. NESTMAN, E.R. and LEE, E.G. H., MATULA, T.I., DOUGLAS, G.R., and MUELLER, J. (1980) Mutagenicity of constituents identified in pulp and paper mill effluents using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay, Mutation Research, 79: 203-212.
35. NESTMAN, E.R. and LEE, E.G.-H. (1983) Mutagenicity of constituents of pulp and paper mill effluent in growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisias, Mutation Research, 119: 273-280.
36. NTP (1990a) National Institutes of Health, Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2-chloracetophenone (CAS No 532-27-4) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies), NTP TR 379, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC.
37. NTP (1990b) National Institutes of Health, Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of CS2 (94% o-chlorobenzalmalononitrile) (CAS no 2698-41-1) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies), NTP TR 377, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC.
38. NUSSE, M., RECKNAGEL, S., and BEISKER, W. (1992) Micronuclei induced by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile contain single chromosomes as demonstrated by the combined use of flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining with anti-kinetochore antibodies, Mutagenesis, 7: 57-67.
39. OLAJOS, E.J. and SALEM, H. (2001) Riot control agents: Pharmacology, toxicology, biochemistry and chemistry, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 21: 355-391.
40. PETTIJOHN, D.E. and HANAWALT, P.C. (1964) Evidence for repair replication of ultraviolet damaged DNA in bacteria, Journal of Molecular Biology, 9: 203-212.
41. PINDBORG, J.J., POULSEN, H.E., and ZACHARIAH, J. (1967) Oral epithelial changes in thirty Indians with oral cancer and submucous fibrosis, Cancer, 20: 1141-1146.
42. RICHEAUX, F., CASCANTE, M., ENNAMANY, R., SABOUREAU, D., and CREPPY, E.E. (1999) Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of capsaicin in human neuroblastoma cells SHSY-5Y, Archives of Toxicology, 73: 403-409.
43. RICHEAUX, F., CASCANTE, M., ENNAMANY, R., SANCHEZ, D., SANNI, A., SABOUREAU, D., and CREPPY, E.E. (2000) Implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in the cytotoxicity of capsaicin in human endothelial cells: Lack of DNA strand breakage, Toxicology, 147: 41-49.
44. RIETVELD, E.C., DELBRESSINE, L.P.C., WAEGEMAEKERS, T.H.J.M., and SEUTTER-BERLAGE, F. (1983) 2-Chlorobenzylmercapturic acid, a metabolite of the riot control agent 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) in the rat, Archives of Toxicology, 54: 139-144.
45. ROSENKRANZ, H.S. and KLOPMAN, G. (1993) Structural relationships between mutagenicity, maximum tolerated dose, and carcinogenicity in rodents, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 21: 193-206.
46. SALASSIDIS, K., SCHMID, E., and BAUCHINGER, M. (1991) Mitotic spindle damage induced by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) in V79 Chinese hamster cells examined by different staining of the spindle apparatus and chromosomes, Mutation Research, 262: 263-266.
47. SASAJIMI, K., WILLEY, J.C., BANKS-SCHLEGEL, S.P., and HARRIS, C.C. (1987) Effects of tumor promoters and co-carcinogens on growth and differentiation of cultured human esophageal Epithelial Cells, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 78: 419-958.
48. SCHMID, E., BAUCHINGER, M., ZIEGLER-SKYLAKAKIS, K., and ANDRAE, U. (1989) 2-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) causes spindle disturbances in V79 Chinese hamster cells, Mutation Research, 226: 133-136.
49. SCHMID, E. and BAUCHINGER, M. (1991) Analysis of the aneuploidy inducing capacity of 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) and metabolites in V79 Chinese hamster cells, Mutagenesis, 6: 303-305.
50. SIRSAT, S.M. and KHANOLKAR, V.R. (1962) Submucous fibrosis of the palate and pillars of the fauces, Indian Journal of Medical Science, 16: 189-197.
51. SURH, Y.-J. and LEE, S.S. (1995) Capsaicin, a double-edged sword: Toxicity, metabolism and chemopreventive potential, Life Sciences, 56: 1845-1855.
52. SURH, Y.-J, LEE, E., and LEE, J.M. (1998) Chemoprotective properties of some pungent ingredients present in red pepper and ginger, Mutation Research, 402: 259-267.
53. SURH, Y.-J., LEE, R.C.-J., PARK, K.-K, MAYNE, S.T., LIEM, A., and MILLER, J.A. (1995) Chemoprotective effects of capsaicin and diallyl sulfide against mutagenesis or tumorigenesis by vinyl carbamate and N-nitrosodimethylamine, Carcinogensis, 16: 2467-2471.
54. TAJIMA, K. and TOMINAGA, S. (1985) Dietary habits and gastro-intestinal cancers: A comparative case control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan, Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 76: 705-716.
55. TOTH, B. and GANNETT, P. (1992) Carcinogenicity of lifelong administration of capsaicin of hot pepper in mice, In Vivo, 6: 59-63.
56. TOTH, B., ROGAN, E., and WALKER, B. (1984) Tumorigenicity and mutagenicity studies with capsaicin of hot peppers, Anticancer Research, 4: 117-119.
57. UNGSURUNGSIE, M., SUTHIENKUL, O., and PAOVALO, C. (1982) Mutagenicity screening of Popular Thai spices, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 20: 527-530.
58. VENITT, S., CROFTON-SLEIGH, C., and FORSTER, R., (1984) Bacterial mutation assays using reverse mutation. In: S. Venitt, and J.M. Parry, (eds), Mutagenicity Testing: A Practical Approach, Oxford: IRL Press Ltd, pp 45-99.
59. VILLASENOR, I.M. and DE OCAMPO, E.J. (1994) Clastogenicity of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) extracts, Mutation Research, 312: 151-155.
60. VILLASENOR, I.M., DE OCAMPO, E., and BREMER, J.B. (1993) Effect of natural capsaicin on bone marrow cells of mice, Philippine Journal of Science, 122: 397-402.
61. VON DANIKEN, A., FREDERICH, U., LUTZ, W., and SCHLATTER, C. (1981) Tests for mutagenicity in Salmonella and covalent binding to DNA and protein in the rat of the riot control agent o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), Archives of Toxicology, 49: 15-27.
62. WILD, D., ECKHARDT, K., HARNASCH, D., and KING, M.-T. (1983) Genotoxicity study of CS (Orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile) in Salmonella, Drosophila, and mice, Archives of Toxicology, 54: 167-170.
63. YANG, W.L., KLOPMAN, G., and ROSENKRANZ, H.S. (1992) Structural basis of the in vivo induction of micronuclei, Mutation Research, 272: 111-124.
64. ZEIGER, E., ANDERSON, B., HOWORTH, S., LAWLOR, T., MORTELMANS, K. and SPECK, W. (1987) Salmonella mutagenicity tests III. Results from the testing of 225 chemicals, Environmental Mutagenesis, 9: 1-109.
65. ZIEGLER-SKYLAKAKIS, K., SUMMER, K.H., and ANDRAE, U. (1989) Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) and metabolites in V79 Chinese hamster cells, Archives of Toxicology, 63: 314-319.