The management of lower urogenital changes in the menopause

Menopause International

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 77-81

  Singh, Savita ^a   van Herwijnen, Ineke ^b   Phillips, Christian ^a  

^a BASINGSTOKE AND NORTH HAMPSHIRE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b PRINCESS ANNE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Estrogen; Hormone therapy; Incontinence; Menopause; Prolapse; Urogenital atrophy

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; PLACEBO; RALOXIFENE; TAMOXIFEN;

ATROPHY; DYSPAREUNIA; ENDOMETRIUM BIOPSY; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; ESTROGEN THERAPY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOM; MENOPAUSE; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; NOCTURIA; OVERACTIVE BLADDER; PALLOR; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PETECHIA; REVIEW; STRESS INCONTINENCE; URGE INCONTINENCE; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; URODYNAMICS; UROGENITAL ATROPHY; VAGINA CYTOLOGY; VAGINAL BURNING SENSATION; VAGINAL DRYNESS; VAGINAL PRURITUS;

EID: 84890131863     PISSN: 17540453     EISSN: 17540461     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1754045313481536     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Iosif CS, Batra S and Ek A. Estrogen receptors in the human female lower urinary tract. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1981; 141: 817-820.
2. Batra S and Iosif S. Progesterone receptors in the female lower urinary. J Urol 1987; 138: 1301-1307.
3. Teede HJ and Vincent A. Hormone therapy - where are we now? Aust Fam Phys 2011; 40: 2011.
4. Chollet JA. Efficacy and safety of ultra-low-dose Vagifem (10 mcg). Patient Prefer Adherence 2011; 5: 571-574.
5. Warner M, Nilsson S and Gustafsson JA. The oestrogen receptor family. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1999; 11: 249-254.
6. Green S, Walter P, Kumar V, et al. Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erbA. Nature 1986; 320: 134-139.
7. Kuiper G, Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, et al. Cloning of a novel oestrogen receptor expressed in rat prostrate and ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 5925-5930.
8. Chen GD, Oliver RH, Leung BS, et al. Oestrogen receptor a and b expression in the vaginal walls and uterosacral ligaments of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1999; 71: 1099-1102.
9. Blakeman PJ, Hilton P and Bulmer JN. Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the female lower urinary tract, with reference to oestrogen status. BJU Int 2000; 86: 32-38.
10. Press MF, Nousek-Goebl NA, Bur M, et al. Estrogen receptor localization in the female genital tract. Am J Pathol 1986; 123: 280-292.
11. Cumming GP, Herald J, Moncur R, et al. Women's attitudes to hormone replacement therapy, alternative treatments and sexual health. Menopause Int 2007; 13: 79-83.
12. Iosif CS. Effects of protracted administration of oestriol on the lower genitourinary tract in postmenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1992; 251: 115-120.
13. Nilsson K, Risberg B and Heimer G. The vaginal epithelium in the postmenopause - cytology, histology and pH as methods of assessment. Maturitas 1995; 21: 51-56.
14. Bachmann GA and Nevadunsky NS. Diagnosis and treatment of atrophic vaginitis. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 3090-3096.
15. Hickey M, Saunders C, et al. Practical clinical guidelines for assessing and managing menopausal symptoms after breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2008; 19: 1669-1680.
16. Cardozo LD, Bachmann G, McClish D, et al. Meta-analysis of oestrogen therapy in the management of urogenital atrophy in postmenopausal women: second report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee. Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 92: 722-727.
17. Johnston SL and Farrell SA. The detection and management of vaginal atrophy. [SOGC Clinical Practice Guideline No. 145]. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2004; 26: 503-508.
18. Samicoe G. Urogenital ageing - a hidden problem. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 178: S245-S249.
19. Mettler L and Olsen PG. Long term treatment of atrophic vaginitis with low dose oestradiol vaginal tablets. Maturitas 1991; 14: 23-31.
20. Suckling J, Lethaby A and Kennedy R. Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 4: CD001500.
21. Crandall C. Vaginal estrogen preparations: a review of safety and efficacy for vaginal atrophy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2002; 11: 857-877.
22. Naessen T, Berglund L and Ulmsten U. Bone loss in elderly women prevented by ultralow doses of parenteral 17 beta-estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177: 115-119.
23. Sturdee DW and Panay N on behalf of the International Menopause Society Writing Group. Recommendations for the management of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. Climacteric 2010; 13: 509-522.
24. Santen RJ, Pinkerton JV, Conaway M, et al. Treatment of urogenital atrophy with low dose oestradiol: preliminary results. Menopause 2002; 9: 179-187.
25. Notelovitz M, Funk S, Nanavati N, et al. Oestradiol absorption from vaginal tablets in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 99: 556-562.
26. Ulrich LS, Naessen T, Elia D, et al. Endometrial safety of ultra-low-dose Vagifem 10 microg in postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Climacteric 2010; 13: 228-237.
27. Bachmann G, Lobo RA, Gut R, et al. Efficacy of lowdose estradiol vaginal tablets in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 67-76.
28. Kondo A, Kato K, Saito M, et al. Prevalence of hand washing urinary incontinence in females in comparison with stress and urge incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 1990; 9: 330-331.
29. NICE guideline: CG40 Urinary incontinence, 23 October 2006.
30. Keane DP, Sims TJ, Abrams P, et al. Analysis of collagen status in premenopausal nulliparous women with genuine stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 104: 994-998.
31. Falconer C, Blomgren B, Johansson O, et al. Different organization of collagen fibrils in stress-incontinent women of fertile age. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: 87-94.
32. Edwall L, Carlström K and Jonasson AF. Endocrine status and markers of collagen synthesis and degradation in serum and urogenital tissue from women with and without stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2007; 26: 410-415.
33. Jackson S, James M and Abrams P. The effect of oestradiol on vaginal collagen metabolism in postmenopausal women with genuine stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 109: 339-344.
34. Caine M and Raz S. The role of female hormones in stress incontinence. In: Proceedings of the 16th Congress of the International Society of Urology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
35. Jackson S, Shepherd A, Brookes S, et al. The effect of oestrogen supplementation on post-menopausal urinary stress incontinence: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106: 711-718.
36. Shapiro E. Effect of estrogens on the weight and muscarinic cholinergic receptor density of the rabbit bladder and urethra. J Urol 1986; 135: 1084-1087.
37. Elliott RA, Castleden CM, Miodrag A, et al. The direct effects of diethylstilboestrol and nifedipine on the contractile responses of isolated human and rat detrusor muscles. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 43: 149-155.
38. Koski ME and Chermansky CJ. Does estrogen have any real effect on voiding dysfunction in women? Current Urol Rep 2011; 12: 345-350.
39. Cardozo LD, Rekers H, Tapp A, et al. Oestriol in the treatment of postmenopausal urgency: a multicentre study. Maturitas 1993; 18: 47-53.
40. Benness C, Wise BG, Cutner A, et al. Does low dose vaginal oestradiol improve frequency and urgency in postmenopausal women. Int Urogynaecol J 1992; 3: 281.
41. Cardozo L, Lose G, McClish D, et al. Estrogen treatment for symptoms of an overactive bladder, results of a metaanalysis. Int J Urogynaecol 2001; 12: 5.
42. Perrotta C, Aznar M, Mejia R, et al. Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 2): CD005131.
43. Brandberg A, Mellstrom D and Samsioe G. Low dose oral oestriol treatment in elderly women with urogenital infections. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1987; 140: 33-38.
44. Leckie KJ. What is the evidence for the role of oestrogen in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women? An evidence-based review. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 1: 31-35.
45. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al. The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn 2002; 21: 167-168.
46. Ingelman-Sundberg A, Rosen J, Gustafsson SA, et al. Cytosol estrogen receptors in the urogenital tissues in stress-incontinent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981; 60: 585-586.
47. Lang JH, Zhu L, Sun ZJ, et al. Oestrogen levels and oestrogen receptors in patients with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2003; 80: 35-39.
48. Vardy MD, Scotti R, Lindsay R, et al. Short term urogenital effects of raloxifene, tamoxifen and estrogen. Int Urogynecol J 2000; 11(S1): O11.