Electrochemistry at Well-Characterized Bimetallic Surfaces

Fuel Cell Catalysis: A Surface Science Approach

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 245-269

  Stamenkovic, Vojislav R ^a   Markovic, Nenad M ^a  

^a ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Electrochemistry at well characterized bimetallic surfaces; Rules governing electrocatalysis at bimetallic systems; Structure reactivity relationship studies in idealized systems

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889808376     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470463772.ch8     Document Type: Chapter

References (71)

1. Appleby AJ. 1970. Electrocatalysis and fuel cells. Catal Rev 4: 221-244.
2. Arenz M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Stamenkovic V, Blizanac BB, Tomoyuki T, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2005. The effect of the particle size on the kinetics of CO electrooxidation on high surface area Pt catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 127: 6819-6829.
3. Arenz M, Stamenkovic V, Blizanac BB, Mayrhofer KJJ, Markovic NM, Ross PN. 2005. Carbon-supported Pt-Sn electrocatalysts for the anodic oxidation of H2, CO, and H2/CO mixtures. Part II: The structure-activity relationship. J Catal 232: 402-410.
4. Arenz M, Stamenkovic V, Wandelt K, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2002. CO adsorption and kinetics on well-characterized Pd films on Pt(111) in alkaline solutions. Surf Sci 506: 287-296.
5. Attard GA, Price R, Alakl A. 1995. Electrochemical and ultra-high-vacuum characterization of rhodium on Pt(111)-A temperature-dependent growth mode. Surf Sci 335: 52-62.
6. Bard AJ, Abruna HD, Chidsey CE, Faulkner LR, Feldberg SW, Itaya K, Majda M, Melroy O, Murray RW, Porter MD, Soriaga MP, White HS. 1993. The electrode-electrolyte interface-A status-report. J Phys Chem 97: 7147-7173.
7. Bard AJ, Fan FRF, Pierce DT, Unwin PR,Wipf DO, Zhou FM. 1991. Chemical imaging of surfaces with the scanning electrochemical microscope. Science 254: 68-74.
8. Binning G, Rohrer H, Gerber C, Weibel E. 1982. Surface Studies by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Rev Lett 49: 57-61.
9. Brongersma HH, Draxler M, de Ridder M, Bauer P. 2007. Surface composition analysis by lowenergy ion scattering. Surf Sci Rep 62: 63-109.
10. Brongersma HH, Jacobs JP. 1994. Application of low-energy ion-scattering to studies of growth. Appl Surf Sci 75: 133-138.
11. Brongersma HH, de Ridder M, Gildenpfennig A, Viitanen MM. 2003. Insight in the outside:Materials science at the atomic level using LEIS. J Eur Ceramic Soc 23: 2761-2767.
12. Gasteiger HA, Markovic NM, Ross PN. 1995. Electrooxidation of CO and H2/CO mixtures on a well-characterized Pt3Sn electrode surface. J Phys Chem 99: 8945-8949.
13. Gasteiger HA, Markovic NM, Ross PN Jr. 1996. Structural effects in electrocatalysis:Electrooxidation of carbon monoxide on Pt3Sn single-crystal surfaces. Catal Lett 36: 1-8.
14. Gasteiger HA, Ross PN, Cairns EJ. 1993. LEIS and AES on sputtered and annealed polycrystalline Pt-Ru bulk alloy. Surf Sci 293: 67-80.
15. Gauthier Y, Joly Y, Baudoing R, Rundgren J. 1985. Surface-sandwich segregation on nondilute bimetallic alloys-Pt50Ni50 and Pt78Ni22 Probed by low-energy electron-diffraction. Phys Rev B 31: 6216-6218.
16. Hagans P, Homa A, Yeager E. 1979. In situ LEED-Auger-thin layer electrochemical studies of the underpotential deposition of Pb on Au single-crystals. J Electrochem Soc 126 (3):C147.
17. Hebenstreit ELD, Hebenstreit W, Schmid M, Varga P. 1999. Pt25Rh75(111), (110), and (100) studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy with chemical contrast. Surf Sci 441: 441-453.
18. Heinz K, Starke U, Vanhove MA, Somorjai GA. 1992. The angular-dependence of diffuse LEED intensities and its structural information-content. Surf Sci 261: 57-63.
19. Hosler W, Behm RJ, Ritter E. 1986. Defects on the Pt(100) surface and their influence on surface-reactions-A scanning tunneling microscopy study. IBM J Res Dev 30: 403-410.
20. Hubbard AT. 1998. Electrochemistry at well-characterized surfaces. Chem Rev 88: 633-656.
21. Itaya K. 1998. In-situ scanning tunneling microscopy in electrolyte solutions. Prog Surf Sci 58: 121-247.
22. Iwasita T, Nart FC. 1997. In situ infrared spectroscopy at electrochemical interfaces. Prog Surf Sci 55: 271-340.
23. Janssen FJJ, van IJ zendoorn LJ, van der Gon AWD, de Voigt MJA, Brongersma HH. 2004. Interface formation between metal and poly-dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene. Phys Rev B 70: 165425.
24. Kinoshita K. 1992. Electrochemical Oxygen Technology. New York: Wiley.
25. Kolb DM 1996. Reconstruction phenomena at metal-electrolyte interfaces. Prog Surf Sci. 51:109-173.
26. Kuntze J, Speller S, Heiland W, Atrei A, Rovida G, Bardi U. 1999. Surface structure and composition of the alloy Au3Pd(100) determined by LEED and ion scattering spectroscopy. Phys Rev B 60: 1535-1538.
27. Lebedeva NP, Koper M, Herrero E, Feliu JM, van Santen RA. 2000. CO oxidation on stepped Pt(111) × (111) electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 487: 37-44.
28. Lebedeva NP, Rodes A, Feliu JM, Koper MTM, van Santen RA. 2002. Role of crystalline defects in electrocatalysis: CO adsorption and oxidation on stepped platinum electrodes as studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 106: 9863-9872.
29. Lucas C, Markovic NM, Ross PN. 1996. Surface structure at the Pt(110)/electrolyte interface. Phys Rev Lett 77: 4922-4925.
30. Lucas CA, Markovic NM. 2006. In-situ X-ray diffraction studies of the electrode/solution interface. In: Alkire RC, Kolb DM, Lipkowski J, Ross PN, editors. Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering. Volume 9. New York: Wiley-VCH, pp. 1-45.
31. Markovic NM, Grgur BN, Lucas CA, Ross PN. 1999. Electrooxidation of CO and H2/CO mixtures on Pt(111) in acid solutions. J Phys Chem B 103: 487-495.
32. Markovic NM, Lucas CA, Rodes A, Stamenkovic V, Ross PN. 2002. Surface electrochemistry of CO on Pt(111): Anion effects. Surf Sci Lett 499: L149-L158.
33. Markovic NM, Radmilovic V, Ross PN. 2003. Physical and electrochemical characterization of bimetallic nanoparticle electrocatalysts. In: Wieckowski A, Savinova E, Vayenas C, eds. Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 311-342.
34. Markovic NM, Ross PN. 2002. Surface science studies of model fuel cell electrocatalysts. Surf Sci Rep 45: 117-230.
35. Maroun F, Ozanam F, Magnussen OM, Behm RJ. 2001. The role of atomic ensembles in the reactivity of bimetallic electrocatalysts. Science 293: 1811-1814.
36. Ocko BM,Wang J, Davenport A, Isaacs H. 1990. In situ X-ray reflectivity and diffraction studies of the Au(001) reconstruction in an electrochemical cell. Phys Rev Lett 65: 1466-1469.
37. Oppenheim IC, Trevor DJ, Chidsey CED, Trevor PL, Sieradzki K. 1991. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy of corrosion of silver-gold alloys. Science 254: 687-689.
38. Ritz G, Schmid M, Varga P, Borg A, Ronning M. 1997. Pt(100) quasihexagonal reconstruction:A comparison between scanning tunneling microscopy data and effective medium theory simulation calculations. Phys Rev B 56: 10518-10525.
39. Robinson IK. 1986. Crystal truncation rods and surface roughness. Phys Rev B 33: 3830-3836.
40. Ross PN Jr. 1982. Studies of adsorption at well-ordered electrode surfaces using low-energy electron diffraction. In: Vanselow R, Howe R, editors. Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces IV. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 173-201.
41. Ross PN. 1998. The science of electrocatalysis on bimetallic surfaces. In: Lipkowski J, Ross PN Jr, editors. Electrocatalysis. New York: Wiley-VCH. pp. 43-74.
42. Sieradzki K, Brankovic SR, Dimitrov N. 1999. Electrochemical defect-mediated thin-film growth. Science 284: 138-141.
43. Somorjai GA. 1985. Surface science and catalysis. Science 227: 902-908.
44. Somorjai GA. 1992. The frontiers of surface-structure analysis. Surf Interface Anal 19:493-507.
45. Somorjai GA. 1993. Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis. New York: Wiley.
46. Stamenkovic V, Arenz M, Blizanac BB, Mayrhofer KJJ, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2005. In situ CO oxidation on well characterized Pt3Sn(hkl) surfaces: A selective review. Surf Sci 576:145-157.
47. Stamenkovic V, Arenz M, Lucas C, Gallagher M, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2003. Surface chemistry on bimetallic alloy surfaces: adsorption of anions and oxidation of CO on Pt3Sn(111). J Am Chem Soc 125: 2736-2745.
48. Stamenkovic V, Arenz M, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2004. Temperature-induced deposition method for anchoring metallic nanoparticles onto reflective substrates for in situ electrochemical infrared spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 108: 17915-17920.
49. Stamenkovic VR, Fowler D, Mun BS, Wang G, Ross PN Jr, Lucas C, Markovic NM. 2007a. Improved oxygen reductionactivity on Pt {thorn} Ni(111) via increased surfrce site avalability. Science 315: 493-497.
50. Stamenkovic VR, Mun BS, Arenz M, Mayrhofer KJJ, Lucas C, Wang G, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2007b. Trends in electrocatalysis on extended and nanoscale Pt-bimetallic surfaces. Nature Mater 6: 241-247.
51. Stamenkovic V, Mun BS, Blizanac BB, Mayrhofer KJJ, Ross PN Jr, Markovic NM. 2006a. The effect of surface composition on electronic structure, stability and electrocehmical properties of Pt-transition metal alloys; Pt-skin vs. Pt-skeleton surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 137: 1.
52. Stamenkovic V, Mun BS, Mayrhofer KJJ, Ross PN, Markovic NM, Rossmeisl J, Greeley J, Norskov JK. 2006b. Changing the activity of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction by tuning the surface electronic structure. Angew Chem. 4: 1.
53. Stamenkovic V, Schmidt TJ, Markovic NM, Ross PN Jr. 2002. Surface composition effects in electrocatalysis: Kinetics of oxygen reaction on well defined Pt3Ni and Pt3Co alloy surfaces. J Phys Chem B 106: 11970-11979.
54. Stamenkovic V, Schmidt TJ, Ross PN, Markovic NM. 2003. Surface segregation effects in electrocatalysis: Kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction on polycrystalline Pt3Ni alloy surfaces. J Electroanal Chem 554: 191-199.
55. Strmcnik D, Rebec P, Gaberscek M, Tripkovic D, Stamenkovic V, Lucas C, Markovic N. 2007. Relationship between the surface coverage of spectator spacies and the rate of the electrochemical reactions. J Phys Chem C 111: 18672-18678.
56. Strmcnik D, Tripkovic D, van der Vliet D, Chang K-C, Karapetrov G, Komanicky V, You H, Greeley J, Stamenkovic V, Markovic NM. 2008. J Am Chem Soc 130: 15332-15340.
57. Taglauer E, Heiland W. 1980. Ion scattering spectroscopy. Appl Surf Anal 669(ASTM STP):111-124.
58. Tidswell IM, Markovic NM, Lucas C, Ross PN. 1993. In-situ X-ray scattering study of the Au(100) reconstructuin in alkaline and acid solution. Phys Rev B 47: 16542.
59. Toda T, Igarashi H, Watanabe M. 1999. Enhancement of the electrocatalytic O2 reduction on Pt-Fe alloys. J Electroanal Chem 460: 258-262.
60. Tolmachev YV, Menzel A, Tkachuk A, Chu SY, You H. 2004. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 7: E23.
61. Tomellini M, Attard GA. 1991. On the question of determining thin-film growth using Augerelectron spectroscopy. Surf Sci 245: L179-L184.
62. Van Hove MA, Weinberg WH, Chan CM. 1986. Low Energy Electron Diffraction. Berlin:Springer-Verlag.
63. Van Hove MA, Koestner RJ, Stair PC, Biberian JP, Kesmodel LL, Bartos I, Somorjai GA. 1981. The surface reconstructions of the (100) crystal faces of iridium, platinum and gold. 1. Experimental-observations and possible structural models. Surf Sci 103: 189-217.
64. Vanleerdam GC, Lenssen KMH, Brongersma HH. 1990. Charge-exchange processes in lowenergy He{thorn} ion-scattering from Si and Pd2Si Surfaces. Nucl Instrum Meth B 45: 390-393.
65. Varga P, Schmid M. 1999. Chemical discrimination on atomic level by STM. Appl Surf Sci 141: 287-293.
66. Vasiliev MA. 1997. Surface effects of ordering in binary alloys. J Phys D Appl Phys 30:3037-3070.
67. Wagner FT, Ross PN. 1983. LEED analysis of electrode surfaces-Structural effects of potentiodynamic cycling on Pt single-crystals. J Electroanal Chem 150: 141-164.
68. Wang G, Van Hove MA, Ross PN, Baskes MI. 2005. Quantitative prediction of surface segregation in bimetallic Pt-M alloy nanoparticles (M 1/4 Ni, Re, Mo). Prog Surf Sci 79: 28-45.
69. Wang J, Robinson IK, Ocko BM, Adzic RR. 2005. Adsorbate-geometry specific subsurface relaxation in the CO/Pt(111) system. J Phys Chem B 109: 24-26.
70. Warren BE. 1990. X-Ray Diffraction. New York: Dover.
71. Zhang XOG, Stimming U. 1990. Scanning tunneling microscopy of copper corrosion in aqueous perchloric-acid. Corrosion Sci 30: 951-954.