Cannabinoids in exhaled breath following controlled administration of smoked cannabis

Clinical Chemistry

Volumn 59, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1780-1789

  Himes, Sarah K ^a   Scheidweiler, Karl B ^a   Beck, Olof ^b   Gorelick, David A ^a   Desrosiers, Nathalie A ^a   Huestis, Marilyn A ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE   (United States)

^b KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANNABINOID; CANNABINOL; CANNABIS; METHANOL; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLIC ACID;

ACCURACY; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANNABIS SMOKING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; EXHALATION; FEMALE; GLUCURONIDATION; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MALE; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

ADULT; BREATH TESTS; CANNABINOIDS; CANNABIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MALE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84889800878     PISSN: 00099147     EISSN: 15308561     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.207407     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes. World drug report 2011 (United Nations publication, sales no. E.11.XI.10; 2011. http://www. unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/ WDR2011-web.pdf (Accessed November 2013).
2. Lacey JH, Kelley-Baker T, Furr-Holden D, Voas RB, Romano E, Ramirez A, et al. 2007 National roadside survey of alcohol and drug use by drivers: drug results; 2009. http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/Traffic%20Injury%20Control/ Articles/Associated%20Files/811249.pdf (Accessed December 2012).
3. Hartman RL, Huestis MA. Cannabis Effects on Driving Skills. Clin Chem 2013;59:478 -92.
4. Lane SD, Cherek DR, Tcheremissine OV, Lieving LM, Pietras CJ. Acute marijuana effects on human risk taking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;30: 800-9.
5. Ramaekers JG, Berghaus G, van Laar M, Drummer OH. Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2004;73:109 -19.
6. Ramaekers JG, Kauert G, van Ruitenbeek P, Theunissen EL, Schneider E, Moeller MR. Highpotency marijuana impairs executive function and inhibitory motor control. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:2296 -303.
7. Riedel G, Davies SN. Cannabinoid function in learning, memory and plasticity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:445-77.
8. Watanabe K, Yamaori S, Funahashi T, Kimura T, Yamamoto I. Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinols and cannabinol by human hepatic microsomes. Life Sci 2007;80:1415-9.
9. Matsunaga T, Iwawaki Y, Watanabe K, Yamamoto I, Kageyama T, Yoshimura H. Metabolism of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol by cytochrome P450 isozymes purified from hepatic microsomes of monkeys. Life Sci 1995;56:2089 -95.
10. Moore C, Rana S, Coulter C, Day D, Vincent M, Soares J. Detection of conjugated 11-nor-delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in oral fluid. J Anal Toxicol 2007;31:187-94.
11. Coulter C, Garnier M, Moore C. Analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolite, 11-nordelta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, in oral fluid using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2012; 36:413-7.
12. Kemp PM, Abukhalaf IK, Manno JE, Manno BR, Alford DD, McWilliams ME, et al. Cannabinoids in humans. 2. The influence of three methods of hydrolysis on the concentration of THC and two metabolites in urine. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19: 292-8.
13. Gray TR, Barnes AJ, Huestis MA. Effect of hydrolysis on identifying prenatal cannabis exposure. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010;397:2335- 47.
14. Turner CE, ElSohly MA, Boeren EG. Constituents of cannabis sativa L. 17. a review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod 1980;43:169 -234.
15. Huestis MA. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the plant cannabinoids, delta9- tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:657-90.
16. Lee D, Schwope DM, Milman G, Barnes AJ, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled smoked cannabis. Clin Chem 2012;58:748 -56.
17. Moore C, Coulter C, Uges D, Tuyay J, van der Linde S, van Leeuwen A, et al. Cannabinoids in oral fluid following passive exposure to marijuana smoke. Forensic Sci Int 2011;212:227-30.
18. Beck O, Leine K, Palmskog G, Franck J. Amphetamines detected in exhaled breath from drug addicts: a new possible method for drugs-ofabuse testing. J Anal Toxicol 2010;34:233-7.
19. Beck O, Sandqvist S, Bottcher M, Eriksen P, Franck J, Palmskog G. Study on the sampling of methadone from exhaled breath. J Anal Toxicol 2011;35:257- 63.
20. Beck O, Sandqvist S, Dubbelboer I, Franck J. Detection of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in exhaled breath collected from cannabis users. J Anal Toxicol 2011;35:541- 4.
21. Beck O, Stephanson N, Sandqvist S, Franck J. Detection of drugs of abuse in exhaled breath from users following recovery from intoxication. J Anal Toxicol 2012;36:638-46.
22. Manolis A, McBurney LJ, Bobbie BA. The detection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the breath of human subjects. Clin Biochem 1983;16:229- 33.
23. Gallardo E, Queiroz JA. The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis. Biomed Chro- matogr 2008;22:795- 821.
24. Frederick DL. Toxicology testing in alternative specimen matrices. Clin Lab Med 2012;32:467- 92.
25. Desrosiers NA, Lee D, Schwope DM, Milman G, Barnes AJ, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. On-site test for cannabinoids in oral fluid. Clin Chem 2012; 58:1418 -25.
26. Lee D, Milman G, Barnes AJ, Goodwin RS, Hirvonen J, Huestis MA. Oral fluid cannabinoids in chronic, daily cannabis smokers during sustained, monitored abstinence. Clin Chem 2011;57:1127- 36.
27. Wille SM, Ramirez-Fernandez Mdel M, Samyn N, De Boeck G. Conventional and alternative matrices for driving under the influence of cannabis: recent progress and remaining challenges. Bioanalysis 2010;2:791- 806.
28. Skopp G, Pötsch L, Ganßmann B, Mauden M, Richter B, Aderjan R, Mattern R. Freie und glucuronidierte Cannabinoide im Urin - Untersuchungen zur Einschätzung des Konsumverhaltens. Reschtsmedzin 1999;10:21-8.
29. Schwope DM, Karschner EL, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Identification of recent cannabis use: wholeblood and plasma free and glucuronidated cannabinoid pharmacokinetics following controlled smoked cannabis administration. Clin Chem 2011;57:1406 -14.
30. Matuszewski BK, Constanzer ML, Chavez-Eng CM. Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2003;75:3019 -30.
31. Cikach FS Jr, Dweik RA. Cardiovascular biomarkers in exhaled breath. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 55:34-43.
32. van de Kant KD, van der Sande LJ, Jobsis Q, van Schayck OC, Dompeling E. Clinical use of exhaled volatile organic compounds in pulmonary diseases: a systematic review. Respir Res 2012; 13:117.
33. Saito T, Wtsadik A, Scheidweiler KB, Fortner N, Takeichi S, Huestis MA. Validated gas chromatographic-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric method for delta(9)- tetrahydrocannabinol in sweat patches. Clin Chem 2004;50:2083-90.
34. Karschner EL, Schwilke EW, Lowe RH, Darwin WD, Pope HG, Herning R, et al. Do delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations indicate recent use in chronic cannabis users? Addiction 2009;104:2041- 8.
35. Karschner EL, Schwilke EW, Lowe RH, Darwin WD, Herning RI, Cadet JL, Huestis MA. Implications of plasma delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11- hydroxy-THC, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentrations in chronic cannabis smokers. J Anal Toxicol 2009;33:469 -77.
36. Huestis MA, Scheidweiler KB, Saito T, Fortner N, Abraham T, Gustafson RA, Smith ML. Excretion of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in sweat. Forensic Sci Int 2008;174:173-7.