Use of antiepileptics for seizure prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

Volumn 70, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 759-766

  Torbic, Heather ^a   Forni, Allison A ^b   Anger, Kevin E ^a   Degrado, Jeremy R ^a   Greenwood, Bonnie C ^a  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UMASS MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBAMAZEPINE; ETIRACETAM; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; VALPROIC ACID; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT;

ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC COMPLICATION; POSTTRAUMATIC SEIZURE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SEIZURE; SKIN MANIFESTATION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN INJURIES; COMPLICATION; SEIZURES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTICONVULSANTS; BRAIN INJURIES; HUMANS; SEIZURES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84889644854     PISSN: 10792082     EISSN: 15352900     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2146/ajhp120203     Document Type: Review

References (33)

1. Finkelstein E, Corso P, Miller T et al. The incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States. New York: Oxford Univ. Press; 2006.
2. Faul M, Xu L, Wald MM et al. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010.
3. Kraus J, McArthur D. Epidemiology of brain injury. In: Cooper P, Golfinos J, eds. Head injury. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000:1-26.
4. Dennis KC. Current perspectives on traumatic brain injury. www.asha.org/aud/articles/currentTBI.htm (accessed 2013 Jan 22).
5. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974; 2:81-4.
6. Werner C, Engelhard K. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Br J Anesth. 2007; 99:4-9.
7. Marik PE, Varon J, Trask T. Management of head trauma. Chest. 2002; 122:699-711.
8. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007; 24(suppl 1):S1-106.
9. Temkin NR. Risk factors for posttraumatic seizures in adults. Epilepsia. 2003; 44(suppl 10):18-20.
10. Diaz-Arrastia R, Agostini MA, Madden CJ et al. Posttraumatic epilepsy: the endophenotypes of a human model of epileptogenesis. Epilepsia. 2009; 50(suppl 2):14-20.
11. Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Winn HR. Posttraumatic seizures. In: Eisenberg HM, Aldrich EF, eds. Management of head injury. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1991:425-35.
12. Yablon SA. Posttraumatic seizures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993; 74:983-1001.
13. Jensen FE. Posttraumatic epilepsy: treatable epileptogenesis. Epilepsia. 2009; 50(suppl 2):1-3.
14. Chang BS, Lowenstein DH. Practice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 2003; 60:10-6.
15. Haltiner AM, Newell DW, Temkin NR et al. Side effects and mortality associated with use of phenytoin for early posttraumatic seizure prophylaxis. J Neurosurg. 1999; 91:588-92.
16. Dikmen SS, Temkin NR, Miller B et al. Neurobehavioural effects of phenytoin prophylaxis of posttraumatic seizures. JAMA. 1991; 265:1271-7.
17. Young B, Rapp RP, Norton JA et al. Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent early posttraumatic seizures. J Neurosurg. 1983; 58:231-5.
18. Young B, Rapp RP, Norton JA et al. Failure of prophylactically administered phenytoin to prevent late posttraumatic seizures. J Neurosurg. 1983; 58:236-41.
19. McQueen JK, Blackwood DH, Harris P et al. Low risk of late post-traumatic seizures following severe head injury: implications for trials of prophylaxis. J Neuro Neurosurg Psych. 1983; 46:899-904.
20. Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Wilensky AJ et al. A randomized, double-blind, study of phenytoin for the prevention of posttraumatic seizures. N Engl J Med. 1990; 323:497-502.
21. Dilantin (phenytoin) package insert. New York: Pfizer, Inc.; 2011 Oct.
22. Frend V, Chetty M. Dosing and therapeutic monitoring of phenytoin in young adults after neurotrauma: are current practices relevant? Clin Neuropharmacol. 2007; 30:362-9.
23. Von Winckelmann SL, Spriet I, Willems L. Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy. 2008; 28:1391-400.
24. Keppra (levetiracetam) package insert. Smyrna, GA: UCB, Inc.; 2009 Apr.
25. Patsalos PN. Clinical pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004; 43:707-24.
26. Ruegg S, Naegelin Y, Hardmeier M et al. Intravenous levetiracetam: treatment experience with the first 50 critically ill patients. Epilepsy Behav. 2008; 12:477-80.
27. Jones KE, Puccio AM, Harshman KJ et al. Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Focus. 2008; 25:E3.
28. Szaflarski JP, Sangha KS, Lindsell CJ et al. Prospective, randomized, single-blind comparative trial of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. Neurocrit Care. 2010; 12:165-72.
29. Glotzner FL, Haubitz I, Miltner F et al. Seizure prevention using carbamazepine following severe brain injuries. Neurochirurgia. 1983; 26:66-79.
30. Rish BL, Caveness WF. Relation of prophylactic medication to the occurrence of early seizures following craniocerebral trauma. J Neurosurg. 1973; 38:155-8.
31. Manaka S. Cooperative prospective study on posttraumatic epilepsy: risk factors and the effect of prophylactic anticonvulsant. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. 1992; 46:311-5.
32. Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Anderson GD et al. Valproate therapy for prevention of posttraumatic seizures: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 1999; 91:593-600.
33. Dikmen SS, Machamer JE, Winn HR et al. Neuropsychological effects of valproate in traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2000; 54:895-902.