Crop Tolerance of Foliar Pathogens: Possible Mechanisms and Potential for Exploitation

Disease Control in Crops: Biological and Environmentally-Friendly Approaches

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 142-161

  Bingham, Ian ^a   Newton, Adrian ^b  

^a SCOTTISH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

^b SCOTTISH CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Crop tolerance of foliar pathogens mechanisms and potential for exploitation; Disease avoidance escape; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of fungal biomass; Estimates of HAD or healthy area radiation interception; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodologies for quantifying fungal DNA; Potential crop traits conferring tolerance; Resistance to infection tolerance of infection; Source sink relations and storage reserves; Yield formation photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)

Indexed keywords

CROPS; FORESTRY;

CROP TRAITS; FOLIAR PATHOGENS; FUNGAL BIOMASS; FUNGAL DNA; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; RADIATION INTERCEPTION; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS;

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

EID: 84889419158     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444312157.ch7     Document Type: Chapter

References (94)

1. Akhkha A, Clarke DD, Dominy PJ, 2003. Relative tolerances of wild and cultivated barley to infection by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Syn. Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei). II - the effects of infection on photosynthesis and respiration. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 62, 347-354.
2. Angus JF, Jones R, Wilson JH, 1972. A comparison of barley cultivars with different leaf inclinations. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 945-957.
3. Ayres PG, 1981a. Powdery mildew stimulates photosynthesis in uninfected leaves of pea plants. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 100, 312-318.
4. Ayres PG, 1981b. Effects of disease on plant water relations. In: Ayres PG, ed. Effects of Disease on the Physiology of the Growing Plant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 131-148.
5. Ayres PG, 1992. Plants versus pests and pathogens: An old story but the same story? In: Ayre PG, ed. Pests and Pathogens. Plant Responses to Foliar Attack. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1-12.
6. 86Rb in barley leaves infected by Rhynchosporium secalis (leaf blotch) Physiological Plant Pathology 7, 49-58.
7. Bancal MO, Robert C, Ney B, 2007. Modelling wheat growth and yield losses from late epidemics of foliar diseases using loss of green leaf area per layer and pre-anthesis reserves. Annals of Botany 100, 777-789.
8. Bastiaans L, 1991. The ratio between virtual and visual lesion size as a measure to describe reduction in leaf photosynthesis of rice due to leaf blast. Phytopathology 81, 611-615.
9. Bastiaans L, Kropff MJ, 1993. Effects of leaf blast on photosynthesis of rice. 2. Canopy photosynthesis. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 99, 205-217.
10. Béasse C, Ney B, Tivoli B, 2000. A simple model of pea (Pisum sativum) growth affected by Mycosphaerella pinodes. Plant Pathology 49, 187-200.
11. Beed FD, Paveley ND, Sylvester-Bradley R, 2007. Predictability of wheat growth and yield in light- limited conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 63-79.
12. Bingham IJ, 2001. Soil-root-canopy interactions. Annals of Applied Biology 138, 243-251.
13. Bingham IJ, Blake J, Foulkes MJ, Spink J, 2007. Is barley yield in the UK sink limited? I. Post-anthesis radiation interception, radiation use efficiency and source-sink balance. Field Crops Research 101, 198-211.
14. Borrás L, Slafer GA, Otegui ME, 2004. Seed dry weight response to source-sink manipulations in wheat, maize and soybean: A quantitative reappraisal. Field Crops Research 86, 131-146.
15. Brooks DH, 1972. Observations on the effects of mildew Erysiphe graminis on growth of spring and winter barley. Annals of Applied Biology 70, 149-156.
16. Brouwer R, 1983. Functional equilibrium: Sense or nonsense? Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 31, 335-348.
17. Brown JKM, Handley RJ, 2006. Fight or flinch? Heredity 96, 3-4.
18. Caldwell RM, Schafer JF, Compton LE, Patterson FL, 1958. Tolerance to cereal leaf rusts. Science 128, 714-715.
19. Campbell GS, 1986. Extinction coefficients for radiation in plant canopies using an ellipsoidal inclination angle distribution. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology 36, 317-321.
20. Clarke DD, 1984. Tolerance of parasitic infection in plants. In: Wood RKS, Jellis GJ, eds. Plant Diseases: Infection Damage and Loss. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 119-127.
21. Conry MJ, Dunne B, 1993. Effects of nitrogen timing and frequency of fungicide applications on grain yields of winter barley in Ireland. Journal of Agricultural Science 120, 181-186.
22. Deshmukh S, Hueckelhoven R, Schaefer P, Imani J, Sharma M, Weiss M, Waller F, Kogel KH, 2006. The root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica requires host cell death for proliferation during mutualistic symbiosis with barley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 18450-18457.
23. Ehdaie B, Alloush GA, Madore MA, 2006. Genotypic variation for stem reserves and mobilization in wheat: II. Postanthesis changes in internode water-soluble carbohydrates. Crop Science 46, 2093-2103.
24. Ellis RP, Forster BP, Robinson D, Handley LL, Gordon DC, Russell JR, Powell W, 2000. Wild barley: A source of genes for crop improvement in the 21st century? Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 9-17.
25. Farrar JF, 1992. Beyond photosynthesis: The translocation and respiration of diseased leaves. In: Ayres PG, ed. Pests and Pathogens. Plant Responses to Foliar Attack. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 107-127.
26. Fineblum WL, Rausher MD, 1995. Tradeoff between resistance and tolerance to herbivore damage in a morning glory. Nature 377, 517-520.
27. Foroughi-Wehr B, Zuchner S, Rabenstein F, 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud) J. J. Davis in winter barley. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 103, 267-271.
28. Foulkes MJ, Scott RK, Sylvester-Bradley R, 2002. The ability of wheat cultivars to withstand drought in UK conditions: Formation of grain yield. Journal of Agricultural Science 138, 153-169.
29. Foulkes MJ, Paveley ND, Worland A, Welham SJ, Thomas J, Snape JW, 2006. Major genetic changes in wheat with potential to affect disease tolerance. Phytopathology 96, 680-688.
30. Foulkes MJ, Snape JW, Shearman VJ, Reynolds MP, Gaju G, Sylvester-Bradley R, 2007. Genetic progress in yield potential in wheat: Recent progress and future prospects. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 17-29.
31. Fountaine JM, Shaw MW, Napier B, Ward E, Fraaije BA, 2007. Application of real-time and multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to study leaf blotch epidemics in barley. Phytopathology 97, 297-303.
32. Gaunt RE, 1981. Disease tolerance - an indicator of thresholds? Phytopathology 71, 915-916.
33. Gaunt RE, 1995. The relationship between plant disease severity and yield. Annual Review of Phytopathology 33, 119-144.
34. Gaunt RE, Wright AC, 1992. Disease-yield relationship in barley. II. Contribution of stored stem reserves to grain filling. Plant Pathology 41, 688-701.
35. Gay AP, Spink JH, Foulkes MJ, 1999. Preliminary assessment of the potential for variety typing in winter barley: Stem water soluble carbohydrate measurements. Home-Grown Cereals Authority Project Report No. 186. London: HGCA, 1-19.
36. Grossmann K, Retzlaff G, 1997. Bioregulatory effects of the fungicidal strobilurin kresoxim-methyl in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Pesticide Science 50, 11-20.
37. Grossmann K, Kwiatkowski J, Casper G, 1999. Regulation of phytohormone levels, leaf senescence and transpiration by the strobilurin kresoxim-methyl in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Journal of Plant Physiology 154, 805-808.
38. Habeshaw D, 1984. Effects of pathogens on photosynthesis. In: Wood RKS, Jellis GJ, eds. Plant Diseases: Infection Damage and Loss. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 63-72.
39. Inglese SJ, Paul ND, 2006. Tolerance of Senecio vulgaris to infection and disease caused by native and alien rust fungi. Phytopathology 96, 718-726.
40. Kral G, Oerke EC, Schonbeck F, 1993. Effect of powdery mildew on the water balance and photosynthesis of spring barley cultivars differing in tolerance. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 100, 1-10.
41. Kramer T, Gildemacher BH, van der Ster M, Parlevliet JE, 1980. Tolerance of spring barley cultivars to leaf rust, Puccinia hordei. Euphytica 29, 209-216.
42. Johnson KB, 1987. Defoliation, disease and growth: A reply. Phytopathology 77, 1495-1497.
43. Last FT, 1963. Metabolism of barley leaves inoculated with Erysiphe graminis Marchal. Annals of Botany 27, 685-690.
44. Lim LG, Gaunt RE, 1986. The effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) on spring barley in New Zealand. I. Epidemic development, green leaf area and yield. Plant Pathology 35, 44-53.
45. Lovell DJ, Parker SR, Hunter T, Welham SJ, Nichols AR, 2004. Position of inoculum in the canopy affects the risk of Septoria tritici blotch epidemics in winter wheat. Plant Pathology 53, 11-21.
46. Macedo TB, Peterson RKD, Weaver DK, 2006. Photosynthetic responses of wheat, Tritcum aestivum L., plants to simulated insect defoliation during vegetative growth and at grain fill. Environmental Entomology 35, 1702-1709.
47. Madden LV, Nutter FW, 1995. Modelling crop losses at the field scale. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 17, 124-137.
48. Martin PJ, 1986. Gaseous exchange studies of barley leaves infected with Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem) J.J. Davis. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28, 3-14.
49. Meijden E, van der Wijn M, Verkaar HJ, 1988. Defence and regrowth, alternative plant strategies in the struggle against herbivores. Oikos 51, 355-363.
50. Murray D, Walters DR, 1992. Increased photosynthesis and resistance to rust infection in upper, uninfected leaves of rusted broad bean (Vicia faba L.). New Phytologist 120, 235-242.
51. Newton AC, Reglinski T, 1993. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantifying mildew biomass. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection 100, 176-179.
52. Newton AC, Thomas WTB, 1994. Detection of tolerance of barley cultivars to infection by powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei). Euphytica 75, 179-187.
53. Newton AC, Thomas WTB, Guy DC, Gaunt RE, 1998. The interaction of fertiliser treatment with tolerance to powdery mildew in spring barley. Field Crops Research 55, 45-56.
54. Newton AC, Guy DC, Gaunt RE, Thomas WTB, 2000. The effect of powdery mildew inoculum pressure and fertilizer levels on disease tolerance in spring barley. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 107, 67-73.
55. Parbery DG, 1978. A consideration of tolerance to parasites in plants. Annals of Applied Biology 89, 373-378.
56. Parker SR, Welham S, Paveley ND, Foulkes J, Scott RK, 2004. Tolerance of septoria leaf blotch in winter wheat. Plant Pathology 53, 1-10.
57. Pasquer F, Isidore E, Zarn J, Keller B, 2005. Specific patterns of changes in wheat gene expression after treatment with three antifungal compounds. Plant Molecular Biology 57, 693-707.
58. Paul ND, Ayres PG, 1986. The effects of infection by rust (Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke) on the growth of groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) cultivated under a range of nutrient concentrations. Annals of Botany 58, 321-331.
59. Paveley ND, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott RK, Craigon J, Day W, 2001. Steps in predicting the relationship of yield on fungicide dose. Phytopathology 91, 708-716.
60. Prats E, Gay AP, Mur LAJ, Thomas BJ, Carver TLW, 2006. Stomatal lock-open, a consequence of epidermal cell death, follows transient suppression of stomatal opening in barley attacked by Blumeria graminis. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 2211-2226.
61. Prins AH, Verkaar HJ, 1992. Defoliation: Do physiological and morphological responses lead to (over) compensation? In: Ayres PG, ed. Pests and Pathogens. Plant Responses to Foliar Attack. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 13-31.
62. Rabbinge R, Jorritsma ITM, Schans J, 1985. Damage components of powdery mildew in winter wheat. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 91, 235-247.
63. Rademacher W, 2000. Growth retardants: Effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. Annual Review ofPlant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51, 501-531.
64. Reynolds M, Calderini D, Ciondon A, Vargas M, 2007. Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high- yield environment. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 3-16.
65. Richards JH, 1984. Root growth response to defoliation in two Agropyron bunchgrasses: Field observations with an improved root periscope. Oecologia 64, 21-25.
66. Robert C, Bancal MO, Nicolas P, Lannou C, Ney B, 2004. Analysis and modelling of effects of leaf rust and Septoria tritici blotch on wheat growth. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1079-1094.
67. Robert C, Bancal MO, Lannou C, Ney B, 2006. Quantification of the effects of Septoria tritici blotch on wheat leaf gas exchange with respect to lesion age, leaf number, and leaf nitrogen status. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 225-234.
68. Robert C, Bancal MO, Ney B, Lannou C, 2005. Wheat leaf photosynthesis loss due to leaf rust, with respect to lesion development and leaf nitrogen status. New Phytologist 165, 227-241.
69. Roberts AM, Walters DR, 1986. Stimulation of photosynthesis in uninfected leaves of rust-infected leeks. Annals of Botany 56, 893-896.
70. Rooney JM, Hoad GV, 1989. Compensation in growth and photosynthesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following early inoculations with Septoria nodurum (Berk.) Berk. New Phytologist 113, 513-521.
71. Rossing WAH, van Oijen M, van der Werf W, Bastiaans L, Rabbinge R, 1992. Modelling the effects of foliar pests and pathogens on light interception, photosynthesis, growth rate and yield of field crops. In: Ayres PG, ed. Pests and Pathogens. Plant Responses to Foliar Attack. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 161-180.
72. Sabri N, Dominy PJ, Clarke DD, 1997. The relative tolerances of wild and cultivated oats to infection by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. avenae: II. The effects of infection on photosynthesis and respiration. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 50, 321-335.
73. Schafer J, 1971. Tolerance to plant disease. Annual Review of Phytopathology 9, 235-252.
74. Scholes JD, 1992. Photosynthesis: Cellular and tissue aspects in diseased leaves. In: Ayres PG, ed. Pests and Pathogens. Plant Responses to Foliar Attack. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 85-106.
75. Scholes JD, Rolfe SA, 1995. How do biotrophic pathogens affect the photosynthetic metabolism of their hosts? Aspects of Applied Biology, 42, Physiological Responses of Plants to Pathogens, 91-99.
76. Smedegaard-Petersen V, Tolstrup K, 1985. The limiting effect of disease resistance on yield. Annual Review of Phytopathology 23, 475-490.
77. Spitters CJ, van Roermund HJW, van Nassau HGMG, Scheper J, Mesdag J, 1990. Genetic variation in partial resistance to leaf rust in winter wheat: Disease progress, foliage senescence and yield reduction. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96, 3-15.
78. Tiffin P, 2000. Mechanisms of tolerance to herbivore damage: What do we know? Evolutionary Ecology 14, 523-536.
79. van Oijen M, 1990. Photosynthesis is not impaired in healthy tissue of blighted potato plants. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96, 55-63.
80. van Oijen M, 1991. Light use efficiencies of potato cultivars with late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Potato Research 34, 123-132.
81. Waggoner PE, 1990. Defoliation, disease and growth. In: Rabinge R, Goudriaan J, van Keulen H, Penning de Vries FWT, van Laar HH, eds. Theoretical Production Ecology: Reflections and Prospects. Wageningen: Pudoc, 149-180.
82. Waggoner PE, Berger RD, 1987. Defoliation, disease and growth. Phytopathology 77, 393-398.
83. Waller F, Achatz B, Baltruschat H, Fodor J, Becker K, Fischer M, Heier T, Huckelhoven R, Neumann C, von Wettstein D, Franken P, Kogel KH, 2005. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America 102, 13 386-13 391.
84. Walters DR, Ayres PG, 1981. Growth and branching pattern of roots of powdery mildew infected barley. Annals of Botany 47, 159-163.
85. Walters DR, Bingham IJ, 2007. Influence of plant nutrition on disease development caused by fungal pathogens: Implications for disease control. Annals of Applied Biology 151, 307-324.
86. Walters DR, Havis ND, Oxley SJP, 2008a. Ramularia cygni-collo: The biology of an emerging pathogen of barley. FEMS Microbiology Letters 279, 1-7.
87. Walters DR, Heil M, 2007. Costs and trade-offs associated with induced resistance. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 71, 3-17.
88. Walters DR, McRoberts N, Fitt BDL, 2008b. Are green islands red herrings? Significance of green islands in plant interactions with pathogens and pests. Biological Reviews 83, 79-102.
89. Whelan HG, Gaunt RE, Scott WR, 1997. The effect of leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) on yield response in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops with different yield potentials. Plant Pathology 47, 397-406.
90. Whipps JM, Lewis DH, 1981. Patterns of translocation, storage and interconversion of carbohydrates. In: Ayres PG, ed. Effects of Disease on the Physiology of the Growing Plant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 47-83.
91. Williams GM, Ayres PG, 1981. Effects of powdery mildew and water stress on CO2 exchanges in uninfected leaves of barley plants. Plant Physiology 68, 527-530.
92. Wright D, Hughes LG, 1987. Effects of fungicides and variety on development, grain growth and yield of spring barley. Annals of Applied Biology 111, 89-102.
93. Zangerl AR, Arntz AM, Berenbaum MR, 1997. Physiological price of an induced chemical defence: Photosynthesis, respiration, biosynthesis, and growth. Oecologia 109, 433-441.
94. Zuckerman E, Eshel A, Eyal Z, 1997. Physiological aspects related to tolerance of spring wheat cultivars to Septoria tritici blotch. Phytopathology 87, 60-65.