Intergroup Contact: When Does it Work, and Why?

On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years after Allport

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 278-292

  Kenworthy, Jared B ^a   Turner, Rhiannon N ^a   Hewstone, Miles ^a   Voci, Alberto ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cognitive processes; Embarrassment; Intergroup contact; Misunderstanding; Prejudice

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889393067     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470773963.ch17     Document Type: Chapter

References (35)

1. Allport, G. W. (1954/1979). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
2. Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., Mashek, D., Lewandowski, G., Wright, S. C., & Aron, E. N. (in press). Including others in the self. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (vol. 14). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
3. Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagin-ing how another feels versus imagining how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 751-8.
4. Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475-82.
5. Brewer, M. B. & Miller, N. (1984). Beyond the contact hypothesis: Theoretical perspectives on segregation. In N. Miller & M. B. Brewer (eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
6. Brown, R. & Hewstone, M. (in press). An integrative theory of intergroup contact. In M. Zanna (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. San Diego: Academic Press.
7. Brown, R., Vivian, J., & Hewstone, M. (1999). Changing attitudes through intergroup contact: The effects of group membership salience. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 741-64.
8. Cadinu, M. R. & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-77.
9. Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Kawakami, K. (2003). Intergroup contact: the past, present and future. Group processes and intergroup relations, 6, 5-21.
10. Dovidio, J. F., ten Vergert, M., Stewart, T. L., Gaertner, S. L., Johnson, J. D., Esses, V. M., Riek, B. M., & Pearson, A. R. (in press). Perspective and prejudice: Antecedents and mediating mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
11. Eisenberg, N. & Strayer, J. (1987). Critical issues in the study of empathy. In N. Eisenberg & J. Strayer (eds.), Empathy and its development. Cambridge studies in social and emotional development. (pp. 3-13). New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. Ensari, N. & Miller, N. (2002). The outgroup must not be so bad after all: The effect of disclosure, typicality and salience on intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 313-29.
13. Gaertner, S. L. & Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The Common Ingroup Identity Model. Philadelphia, PA: The Psychology Press.
14. Gaertner, S. L., Mann, J. A., Dovidio, J. F., Murrell, A. J., & Pomare, M. (1990). How does cooperation reduce intergroup bias? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 692-704.
15. Gaertner, S. L., Mann, J., Murrell, A., & Dovidio, J. F. (1989). Reducing intergroup bias: The benefits of recategorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 239-49.
16. Galinsky, A. D. & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility and ingroup favouritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 708-24.
17. Hewstone, M. & Brown, R. (1986). Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the "contact hypothesis." In M. Hewstone and R. Brown (eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters. Oxford: Blackwell.
18. Islam, M. R. & Hewstone, M. (1993). Dimensions of contact as predictors of intergroup anxiety, perceived outgroup variability and outgroup attitudes: An integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 700-10.
19. Miller, N. (2002). Personalization and the promise of contact theory. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 387-410.
20. Miller, N., Kenworthy, J. B., Stenstrom, D. M., & Canales, C. J. (in press). Explaining the effects of crossed categorization on ethnocentric bias. In R. J. Crisp, & M. Hewstone (eds.), Multiple social categorization: Processes, models and applications. Hove, UK: Psychology Press (Taylor & Francis).
21. Paolini, S., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., & Voci, A. (2004). Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgements of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 770-86.
22. Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-85.
23. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact: Theory, research and new perspectives. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
24. Pettigrew, T. F. & Tropp, L. R. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings. In S. Oskamp (ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination. (pp. 93-114). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
25. Petty, R. E. & Mirels, H. L. (1981). Intimacy and scarcity of selfdisclosure: Effects on interpersonal attraction for males and females. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 493-503.
26. Plant, E. A. & Devine, P. G. (2003). The antecedents and implications of interracial anxiety. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 790-801.
27. Popper, K. R. (1974). Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. London: Routledge.
28. Stephan, W. G. & Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157-76.
29. Stephan, W. G. & Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp (ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination. (pp. 23-46). Hillside, NJ: Erblaum.
30. Tausch, N., Kenworthy, J. B., & Hewstone, M. (in press). Conflict resolution and prevention: The role of intergroup contact. In M. Fitzduff and C. E. Stout (eds.), Psychological approaches to conflict and war. New York: Praeger.
31. Turner, R. N., Hewstone, M., & Voci, A. (2004). The impact of cross-group friendship on explicit and implicit prejudice in children. MS under review.
32. Van Oudenhoven, J. P., Groenewoud, J. T., & Hewstone, M. (1996). Cooperation, ethnic salience and generalization of interethnic attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 649-61.
33. Voci, A. & Hewstone, M. (2003). Intergroup contact and prejudice towards immigrants in Italy: The mediational role of anxiety and the moderational role of group salience. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 6, 37-54.
34. Williams, R. M., Jr. (1947). The reduction of intergroup tensions. New York: Social Science Research Council.
35. Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73-90.