Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection: Third Edition

Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection: Third Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-585

  Turner, James E ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84889367663     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527616978     Document Type: Book

References (163)

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33. Johns, H. E., and Cunningham, J. R., The Physics of Radiology, 4th ed., Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL (1983). [A classic treatise. Chapter 2 is devoted to the fundamentals of diagnostic and therapeutic X-ray production.]
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35. Pauling, L., and Haywood, R., The Architecture of Molecules, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA (1964). [An introductory look at 57 pictured molecules. Chemical bonds are discussed.]
36. Ponomarev, L. I., The Quantum Dice, Institute of Physics Publ., Bristol, England (1993). ["A ray of sunlight over the cradle of a baby has always been a symbol of peace. But the ray carries not just caressing heat, it brings us rich information about the fiery storms and flares on the Sun, and about the elements it is composed of-you need only know how to read this information" (p. 25).]
37. Rozemtal, S., ed., Niels Bohr, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1967). [A collection of essays and personal accounts of the life and work of Bohr by his colleagues and contemporaries.]
38. Selman, Joseph, The Fundamentals of Imaging Physics and Radiobiology, 9th ed., Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL (2000). [Previous (8th) edition, The Fundamentals of X-Ray and Radium Physics. An outstanding text for technicians that explains X-ray generation and utilization in radiology.]
39. Weisskopf, Victor, The Privilege of Being a Physicist, W. H. Freeman, New York, NY (1988). [The author knew most and worked with many of the leading physicists during the development of quantum mechanics and made many important contributions himself. This autobiography is another in the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation series (see Alvarez, above) to convey the excitement of science and discovery to general readers. This delightful book will also speak to those who are fond of classical music.]
40. Whittaker, E. T., A History of the Theories of the Aether and Electricity, Thomas Nelson and Sons, London, England (1953). [Volume 2, subtitled The Modern Theories. 1900-1926, begins with "The Age of Rutherford" (Chapter 1) and ends with "The Discovery of Wave Mechanics" (Chapter IX). Interesting, informative, and personal accounts of the discoveries of the time.]
41. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York, NY (1986). [Types of radioactive disintegrations and decay schemes are discussed in Chapter 5.]
42. Cember, H., Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1996). [See especially Chapter 4 on radioactivity.]
43. Evans, R. D., The Atomic Nucleus, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1955). [A comprehensive and classic text.]
44. Faw, R. E., and Shultis, J. K., Radiological Assessment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1993). [Appendix B gives detailed decay-scheme data for some 200 radionuclides.]
45. Glasstone, S., Sourcebook on Atomic Energy, 3rd ed., D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ (1967). [Describes much of the development of nuclear physics.]
46. Martin, J. E., Physics for Radiation Protection, John Wiley, New York, NY (2006). [Treats basic physics to deal with practical problems in radiation protection. Much useful data on radioactivity and radionuclides for the practitioner.]
47. Walker, Philip M. and Carroll, James J., "Ups and Downs of Nuclear Isomers," Physics Today 58(6), 39-44 (2005).
48. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York, NY (1986). [Chapter 6 discusses radioactive and serial decay.]
49. Bodansky, D., Robkin, M. A., and Stadler, D. R., eds., Indoor Radon and Its Hazards, University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA (1987).
50. Cember, H., Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1996). [Chapter 4 treats radioactive transformations, serial decay, and naturally occurring radioactivity.]
51. Evans, R. D., The Atomic Nucleus, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1955). [Chapter 15 describes serial decay, decay schemes, equilibrium, and other topics.]
52. Faw, R. E., and Shultis, J. K., Radiological Assessment, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1993). [Chapter 4 gives and excellent coverage of exposure to natural sources of radiation, including radon.]
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55. Nazaroff, W. W., and Nero, A. V., Jr., eds., Radon and its Decay Products in Indoor Air, Wiley, New York, NY (1988).
56. NCRP Report No. 97, Measurement of Radon and Radon Daughters in Air, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1988). [Contains basic data on the three natural decay series and characteristics of radon daughters discussed here. Main emphasis of the Report is on measurements.]
57. NCRP Report No. 103, Control of Radon in Houses, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1989).
58. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York, NY (1986). [Chapter 8 has material on stopping powers.]
59. Fano, U., "Penetration of Protons, Alpha Particles and Mesons", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 13, 1-66 (1963). [A comprehensive review of the modern theory of stopping power and various associated aspects of heavy charged-particle penetration in matter.]
60. ICRU Report 49, Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1993). [Available with data disk as Report 49D. Tables give data for protons with energies from 1 keV to 10 GeV and helium ions from 1 keV to 1 GeV in 74 materials of particular importance for radiation dosimetry. Tabulations include collision (electronic), nuclear, and total mass stopping powers as well as csda ranges. Available on line, http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/. A companion volume (ICRU Report 37) for electrons and positrons is listed in Section 6.8.]
61. ICRU Report 73, Stopping of Ions Heavier than Helium, Journal of the ICRU, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2005), International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK. [Tables of electronic stopping powers for ions from lithium through argon and for iron in 25 elements and compound materials (essentially the materials in Reports 37 and 49) with energies from 0.025 to 1000 MeV per atomic mass unit.]
62. Knoll, G. F., Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd ed.,Wiley, New York (2000). [Chapter 2 discusses energy loss, stopping powers, and scaling laws for heavy charges particles and electrons.]
63. Turner, J. E., "Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter," Health Phys. 86, 228-252 (2004). [This review article describes basic physical mechanisms by which heavy charged particles, electrons, photons, and neutrons interact with matter. Aspects related to practices in health physics are considered.]
64. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York (1986). [See Chapter 8.]
65. ICRU Report 37, Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1984). [Tables give collisional, radiative, and total mass stopping powers; ranges; radiation yields; and other data for electrons and positrons (10 keV-1 GeV) for a number of elements, compounds, and mixtures. These tabulations as well as other data are available on-line, http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/. See note at end of Section 5.13.]
66. Semenenko, V. A., Turner, J. E., and Borak, T. B., "NOREC," a Monte Carlo Code for Simulating Electron Tracks in Liquid Water," Radiat. Env. Biophys. 42, 213-217 (2003). [This paper documents revisions made to the electrontransport code OREC, developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. References to original documents are cited.]
67. Ahlen, S. P., "Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of the Energy Loss of Relativistic Heavily Ionizing Particles," Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 121-173 (1980). [Review of stopping-power theory, including track effects discussed here, and also the response of charged-particle detectors.]
68. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York (1986). [See Chapter 8.]
69. Fano, U., "Penetration of Protons, Alpha Particles, and Mesons," Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 13, 1-66 (1963). [Track phenomena discussed in considerable detail.]
70. ICRU Report 33, Radiation Quantities and Units, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Washington, DC (1980). [Reference on LET and restricted stopping power.]
71. ICRU Report 36, Microdosimetry, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1983).
72. ICRU Report 60, Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1998). [Reference on LET and restricted stopping power.]
73. Turner, J. E., "An Introduction to Microdosimetry," Rad. Prot. Management 9(3), 25-58 (1992). [This review goes deeper into some topics introduced here. Microdosimetric implications for the biological effects of radiation and for biological-effects modeling are discussed.]
74. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York (1986). [Chapter 8 of this excellent text is devoted to X-and gamma-ray interactions with matter. In addition, the book deals thoroughly with virtually all aspects of photon interaction coefficients, covering the fine points. Appendix D gives tables of numerical data for interaction coefficients. One of the best available resources on the subject of this chapter.]
75. Hubbell, J. H., and Seltzer, S. M., Tables of X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficients, National Institute of Standards and Technology, on line, http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef. [Tables and graphs of μ/ρ and μen/ρ for elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 compounds and mixtures of radiological interest.]
76. ICRU Report 60, Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1998). [Gives definitions of radiometric quantities, interaction coefficients, and dosimetric quantities.]
77. Johns, H. E., and Cunningham, J. R., The Physics of Radiology, 4th ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL (1983). [Chapters 5 and 6 discuss interaction coefficients and the basic physics of photon interactions.]
78. Seltzer, S. M., "Calculation of Photon Mass Energy-Transfer Coefficients and Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficients," Rad. Res. 136, 147-170 (1993). [A critical analysis of all aspects of the subject, with coefficients derived from the cross-section database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.]
79. Turner, J. E., "Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter," Health Phys. 86, 228-252 (2004). [Review paper describes the physics of photon interactions and various interaction coefficients, with examples in health physics. Reference is made to the photon as the field quantum of the electromagnetic interaction in quantum electrodynamics.]
80. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York, NY (1986). [Chapter 16 covers neutron interactions and dosimetry.]
81. Bromley, D. A., "Neutrons in Science and Technology," Physics Today 36(12), 30-39 (Dec. 1983). [This article describes various uses of the neutron as a tool for basic physics research; for industrial applications, such as mining and food preservation; and for art history.]
82. Cember, H., Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1996). [Neutron interactions are described. Chapter 12 is on criticality.]
83. Turner, J. E., Kher, R. K., Arora, D., Bisht, J. S., Neelavathi, V. N., and Vora, R. B., "Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Neutron Stopping Power," Phys. Rev. B 8, 4057-4062 (1973).
84. Frame, Paul W., "A History of Radiation Detection Instrumentation," Health Phys. 88, 613-637 (2005). [This important publication appears in the issue commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Health Physics Society. It provides a comprehensive, in-depth review of the history of radiation detection from early days through modern technology. Extensive bibliography. The numerous photographs in the article are of instruments in Oak Ridge Associated Universities' Historical Instrumentation Collection, which is managed by Dr. Frame. The collection can be accessed on-line at http://www. orau.org/ptp/museumdirectory.htm.]
85. ICRU Report 31, Average Energy Required to Produce an Ion Pair, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Washington, DC (1979).
86. Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd Ed.,Wiley, New York (2000). [This authoritative textbook covers many of the subjects of this chapter in detail.]
87. Poston, John W., Sr., "External Dosimetry and Personnel Monitoring," Health Phys. 88, 557-564 (2005). [This review is another in the issue commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Health Physics Society. Radiation detection is discussed with emphasis on personnel dosimetry. Accompanying historical information is included. Bibliography.]
88. Altshuler, B., and Pasternack, B., "Statistical Measures of the Lower Limit of Detection of a Radioactive Counter," Health Phys. 9, 293-298 (1963). [A succinct, very well written paper.]
89. Currie, L. A., "Limits of Quantitative Detection and Quantitative Determination, Applications to Radiochemistry," Anal. Chem. 40, 586-593. [A classic paper in the field.]
90. Currie, L. A., Lower Limit of Detection: Definition and Elaboration of a Proposed Position for Radiological Effluent and Environmental Measurement. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-4007, Washington, DC (1984).
91. Evans, R. D., The Atomic Nucleus, McGraw-Hill, New York (1955). [Reprinted by Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, FL (1985). Chapters 26, 27, and 28 are devoted to statistical aspects of nuclear processes and radiation measurements. Excellent, comprehensive treatments and problem sets.]
92. Kase, K. R., Bjarngard, B. E., and Attix, F. H., eds., The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, Vol. III, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1990). [Chapters 5 and 6 provide in-depth treatments of Monte Carlo methods of electron and photon transport for radiation dosimetry and radiotherapy.]
93. Knoll, G. F., Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd ed.,Wiley, New York (2000). [Chapters describe basic counting statistics and error propagation and their applications to various radiation-detection systems and instruments. Fano factor is discussed.]
94. Roberson, P. L., and Carlson, R. D., "Determining the Lower Limit of Detection for Personnel Dosimetry Systems," Health Phys. 62, 2-9 (1992).
95. Strom, D. J., and MacLellan, J. A., "Evaluation of Eight Decision Rules for Low-level Radioactivity Counting," Health Phys. 81, 27-34 (2001). [An important analysis of different decision rules used to decide whether a low-level measurement differs from background.]
96. Tsoulfanidis, N., Measurement and Detection of Radiation, McGraw-Hill, New York (1983). [Chapter 2, entitled "Statistics and Errors," is a good survey of basic theory and statistics for radiation measurements, with a number of worked examples.]
97. Turner, J. E.,Wright, H. A., and Hamm, R. N., "A Monte Carlo Primer for Health Physicists," Health Phys. 48, 717-733 (1985).
98. Turner, J. E., Zerby, C. D., Woodyard, R. L., Wright, H. A., Kinney, W. E., Snyder, W. S., and Neufeld, J., "Calculation of Radiation Dose from Protons to 400 MeV," Health Phys. 10, 783-808 (1964). [An early example of Monte Carlo calculations of dose from energetic protons. Appendix A gives a derivation of the relation between energy deposited in subslabs per incident particle and the dose per unit fluence from a uniform, broad beam.]
99. Attix, F. H., Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Wiley, New York (1986). [Clear and rigorous treatments (and in much greater depth) of subjects in this chapter. Dosimetry fundamentals and, especially, instrumentation and measurements are described.]
100. Cember, H., Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1996).
101. ICRU Report 36, Microdosimetry, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1983).
102. ICRU Report 60, Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1998). [Provides definitions of fundamental quantities related to radiometry, interaction coefficients, dosimetry, and radioactivity. Gives standardized symbols and units.]
103. Martin, J. E., Physics for Radiation Protection: A Handbook, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York (2006).
104. Rossi, H. H., and M. Zaider, Microdosimetry and its Applications, Springer Verlag, Berlin (1996).
105. Turner, J. E., "An Introduction to Microdosimetry," Rad. Prot. Management 9(3), 25-58 (1992).
106. Baverstock, K. F., and Stather, J. W., eds., Low Dose Radiation, Biological Bases of Risk Assessment, Taylor and Francis, London (1989). [This valuable book of 606 pages contains 54 contributions, covering all essential aspects of its subject. The articles are from scientists in a number of disciplines.]
107. BEIR V, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1990).
108. BEIR VI, The Health Effects of Exposure to Indoor Radon: BEIR VI, Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1999).
109. BEIR VII, Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII-Phase 2, Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (2006). [Reviews health risks from exposure to low levels of low-LET ionizing radiation. Updates BEIR V. Detailed risk estimates for both cancer incidence and cancer mortality are given. Required reading.]
110. Glass, W. A., and Varma, M. N., eds., Physical and Chemical Mechanisms in Molecular Radiation Biology, Plenum Press, New York, NY (1991). [A collection of 18 papers at an invited workshop on the subject. Contributions are made from fields of radiological physics, radiation chemistry, and radiation-effects modeling.]
111. Gusev, Igor A., Guskova, Angelina, and Mettler, Fred A., eds., Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, 2nd Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2001).
112. Hall, Eric J., and Giaccia, Amato, J., Radiobiology for the Radiologist, 6th Ed., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA (2005).
113. Johns, H. E., and Cunningham, J. R., The Physics of Radiology, 4th Ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL (1983). [Chapter 17, on radiobiology, is highly recommended.]
114. Mozumda, A., Fundamentals of Radiation Chemistry, Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1999).
115. NCRP Report No. 78, Evaluation of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Radon and Radon Daughters in the United States, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC (1984).
116. NCRP Report No. 103, Control of Radon in Houses, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC (1989).
117. NCRP Report No. 104, The Relative Biological Effectiveness of Radiations of Different Quality, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC (1990).
118. NCRP Proceedings 42nd Annual Meeting, April 3-4, 2006, Chernobyl at Twenty, Health Phys. in press.
119. Preston, R. Julian, "Radiation Biology: Concepts for Radiation Protection," Health Phys. 88, 545-556 (2005). [An important review article, one of the invited contributions in the volume commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Health Physics Society.]
120. Radiation Research 137 (Supplement), S1-S112 (1994). [A special issue devoted to cancer incidence in atomicbomb survivors, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, Japan.]
121. Radiation Research 161, No. 4, April 2004, "A Cohort Study of Thyroid Cancer and Other Thyroid Diseases after the Chornobyl Accident: Objectives, Design and Methods."
122. Ricks, R. C., Berger, Mary Ellen, and O'Hara, Frederick M., Jr., Eds., Proceedings of the Fourth International REAC/TS Conference on the Basis for Radiation Accident Preparedness, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2001).
123. Sagan, L. A., Guest Editor, Health Phys. 52, 250-680 (1987). [Special issue on radiation hormesis.]
124. Smith, Jim T., and Beresford, Nicholas A., Chernobyl-Catastrophe and Consequences, Springer, Secaucas, NJ (2005).
125. Sugahara, T., Sagan, L. A., and Aoyama, T., eds., Low Dose Irradiation and Biological Defense Mechanisms, Excerpta Medica International Congress Series 1013, 526 pp., Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY (1992). [Proceedings of the subject conference, held in Kyoto, Japan in July, 1992. The presentations furnish an overview of the state of knowledge regarding effects of low levels of radiation and radiation hormesis.]
126. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation, UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, United Nations Publications, New York (2000). [In two volumes, 1,300 pp.: Vol. 1, Sources; Vol. 2, Effects.]
127. Clark, R. and Valentin, J., "A History of the International Commission on Radiological Protection," Health Phys. 88, 717-732 (2005).
128. Health Physics Society, "Radiation Risk in Perspective," Position Statement of the Health Physics Society, McLean, VA (Revision Aug. 2004).
129. ICRP Publication 60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP, Vol. 21/1-3 (1991).
130. ICRU Report 51, Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1993). [Also see earlier ICRU Reports cited in this reference.]
131. ICRU Report 66, Determination of Operational Dose Equivalent Quantities for Neutrons, J. ICRU, Vol. 1, No. 3 (2001).
132. Jones, C. G., "A Review of the History of U.S. Radiation Protection Regulations, Recommendations, and Standards," Health Phys. 88, 697-716 (2005).
133. Leggett, R. W. and Eckerman, K. F., Dosimetric Significance of the ICRP's Updated Guidance and Models, 1989-2003, and Implications for U.S. Federal Guidance, ORNL/TM-2003/207, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (2003).
134. NCRP, Proceedings 39th Annual Meeting, April 9-10, 2004. "Radiation Protection at the Beginning of the 21st Century-A Look Forward," Health Phys. 87, 249-318 (2004).
135. NCRP Report No. 91, Recommendations on Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1987).
136. NCRP Report No. 115, Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1993).
137. NCRP Report No. 116, Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1993).
138. NCRP Report No. 126, Uncertainties in Fatal Cancer Risk Estimates used in Radiation Protection, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1997).
139. NCRP Report No. 136, Evaluation of the Linear-Nonthreshold Dose-Response Model for Ionizing Radiation, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (2001). ["In keeping with previous reviews by the NCRP..., the Council concludes that there is no conclusive evidence on which to reject the assumption of a linear-nonthreshold dose-response relationship for many of the risks attributable to low-level ionizing radiation although additional data are needed....]
140. Archer, Benjamin R., "Recent History of the Shielding of Medical X-Ray Imaging Facilities," Health Phys. 88, 579-586 (2005). [Review article in 50th Anniversary Issue of Health Physics. Describes the recent work of NCRP Scientific Committee 9 (with support of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine), resulting in significant revisions in recommendations for radiation barrier design for medical imaging facilities and NCRP Report 147. Additional perspective into the Report is given.]
141. Brunette, Jeffrey J., Book Review of NCRP Report No. 147, Health Phys. 89, 183 (2005). [Brief but valuable and clear summary of Report No. 147 and important changes from the 1976 NCRP Report No. 49.]
142. Cember, H., Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1996).
143. Faw, R. E., and Shultis, J. K., Radiological Assessment, Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ (1993).
144. NCRP Report No. 49, Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies up to 10 MeV, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC (1976). [Predecessor of NCRP Report No. 147.]
145. NCRP Report No. 145, Radiation Protection in Dentistry, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (2003).
146. NCRP Report No. 147, Structural Shielding Design for Medical X-Ray Imaging Facilities, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (2004).
147. NCRP Report No. 151, Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X-and Gamma-Ray Radiotherapy Facilities, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (2005).
148. Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC). This valuable resource on radiation shielding at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory can be consulted on line. The Center collects, analyzes, and distributes computer software and data sets related to radiation transport and safety. Technical assistance is also available.
149. Selman, Joseph, The Fundamentals of Imaging Physics and Radiobiology, 9th Ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL (2000). [A fine textbook for training X-ray technicians, this work contains much practical information on X-ray production, technology, utilization, and dosimetry.]
150. Shultis, J. Kenneth, and Faw, Richard E., "Radiation Shielding Technology," Health Physics 88, 587-612 (2005). [Review article in 50th Anniversary Issue of Health Physics. Presents an historical review and a summary of shielding-calculation techniques. Extensive bibliography.]
151. Cember, H., Introduction to Health Physics, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1996). [Chapter 8 provides an excellent coverage of radiation safety guides. It includes an extensive description of ICRP internaldosimetry methodology up to the time. There is an appendix with data on reference man and one giving specific absorbed fractions for photons of different energies, both based on ICRP Publication 23 on reference man.]
152. Endo, A., Yamaguchi, Y., and Eckerman, K. F., Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetry Calculation: Revised Data of ICRP Publication 38, JAERI 1347, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan (2005).
153. Endo, A., Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetry Calculation: Revised Data of ICRP Publication 38-Supplement to JAERI 1347, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Japan (2005).
154. ICRP Publication 23, Task Group Report on Reference Man, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England (1975).
155. ICRP Publication 30, Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY (1979). [Publication 30 appears as a series of parts and supplements.]
156. ICRP Publication 60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY (1991).
157. ICRP Publication 66, Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP 24, Nos. 1-3 (1994).
158. ICRP Publication 68, Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Annals of the ICRP 24, No. 4 (1995). [Dose coefficients and other data based on ICRP-60 limits and revised lung model of ICRP-66. ICRP-68 replaces ICRP-61, which employed ICRP-30 lung model.]
159. ICRP Publication 70, Basic Anatomical and Physiological Data for Use in Radiological Protection: the Skeleton, Annals of the ICRP 25, No. 2 (1995).
160. ICRP Publication 89, Basic Anatomical and Physiological Data for Use in Radiological Protection: Reference Values, Annals of the ICRP 32, Nos. 3-4 (2003).
161. ICRP Publication 100, Human Alimentary Tract Model for Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP (2007).
162. MIRD Committee Pamphlets. [The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine publishes pamphlets and other information, available on line. Targeted for 2006 is the revision of the 1989 MIRD Radionuclide Data and Decay Scheme book.]
163. NCRP Report No. 116, Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD (1993).