메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 547-558

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

Author keywords

Amodiaquine and quinacrine; Chloroquine and quinacrine combination in people with chronic cutaneous lupus; Cutaneous lupus by clinical examination, skin biopsy; Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI); Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); Topical agent effects in cutaneous lupus

Indexed keywords


EID: 84889314086     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444300161.ch55     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (167)
  • 1
    • 0029821330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Yell JA, Mbuagbaw J, Burge SM. Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:355-62.
    • (1996) Br J Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 355-362
    • Yell, J.A.1    Mbuagbaw, J.2    Burge, S.M.3
  • 2
    • 0019831847 scopus 로고
    • Distinctive cutaneous subsets in the spectrum of lupus erythematosus
    • Gilliam JN, Sontheimer RD. Distinctive cutaneous subsets in the spectrum of lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;4: 471-5.
    • (1981) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.4 , pp. 471-475
    • Gilliam, J.N.1    Sontheimer, R.D.2
  • 3
    • 0018640690 scopus 로고
    • Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a cutaneous marker for a distinct lupus erythematosus subset
    • Sontheimer RD, Thomas JR, Gilliam JN. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a cutaneous marker for a distinct lupus erythematosus subset. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:1409-15.
    • (1979) Arch Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 1409-1415
    • Sontheimer, R.D.1    Thomas, J.R.2    Gilliam, J.N.3
  • 4
    • 0002738994 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Hochberg MC., In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, eds, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger
    • Hochberg MC. The epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, eds. Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993:49-57.
    • (1993) Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus , pp. 49-57
  • 5
    • 0031135914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus: immunopathogen-esis and the card game analogy
    • Isenberg DA. Systemic lupus erythematosus: immunopathogen-esis and the card game analogy. J Rheumatol 1997;24:62-6.
    • (1997) J Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 62-66
    • Isenberg, D.A.1
  • 6
    • 0002739574 scopus 로고
    • The genetic basis of lupus erythematosus
    • In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, eds., Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger
    • Arnett FC. The genetic basis of lupus erythematosus. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, eds. Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993:13-36.
    • (1993) Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus , pp. 13-36
    • Arnett, F.C.1
  • 7
    • 0035059967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Millard TP, McGregor JM. Molecular genetics of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001;26:184-91.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.26 , pp. 184-191
    • Millard, T.P.1    McGregor, J.M.2
  • 8
    • 0030281398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viruses and autoimmune disease
    • Vaughan JH. Viruses and autoimmune disease. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1831-3.
    • (1996) J Rheumatol , vol.23 , pp. 1831-1833
    • Vaughan, J.H.1
  • 9
    • 32844466113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CLASI (Cutaneous Lupus erythematosus disease Area and Severity Index): an outcome instrument for cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Albrecht J, Taylor L, Berlin JA, et al. The CLASI (Cutaneous Lupus erythematosus disease Area and Severity Index): an outcome instrument for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 2005;125:889-94.
    • (2005) J Invest Dermatol , vol.125 , pp. 889-894
    • Albrecht, J.1    Taylor, L.2    Berlin, J.A.3
  • 11
    • 0026450808 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with acitretin and hydroxychloroquine
    • Ruzicka T, Sommerburg C, Goerz G, Kind P, Mensing H. Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with acitretin and hydroxychloroquine. Br J Dermatol 1992;127:513-8.
    • (1992) Br J Dermatol , vol.127 , pp. 513-518
    • Ruzicka, T.1    Sommerburg, C.2    Goerz, G.3    Kind, P.4    Mensing, H.5
  • 12
    • 26844525459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of clofazimine compared with chloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Bezerra EL, Vilar MJ, da Trindade Nedo, et al. Double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of clofazimine compared with chloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:3073-8.
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum , vol.52 , pp. 3073-3078
    • Bezerra, E.L.1    Vilar, M.J.2    Da Trindade, N.3
  • 13
    • 0026074414 scopus 로고
    • A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulphate in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group.
    • Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group. A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulphate in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 1991;324:150-4.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 150-154
  • 14
    • 0027931521 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hydroxychloroquine and placebo in the treatment of mild systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Williams HJ, Egger MJ, Singer JZ, et al. Comparison of hydroxychloroquine and placebo in the treatment of mild systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1994;21:1457-62.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 1457-1462
    • Williams, H.J.1    Egger, M.J.2    Singer, J.Z.3
  • 15
    • 0029978974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial with chloroquine diphosphate in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Meinao IM, Sato EI, Andrade LE, et al. Controlled trial with chloroquine diphosphate in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1996;5:237-41.
    • (1996) Lupus , vol.5 , pp. 237-241
    • Meinao, I.M.1    Sato, E.I.2    Andrade, L.E.3
  • 16
    • 2242476339 scopus 로고
    • The value of hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) for the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus: a double blind trial
    • Kraak JH, van Ketel WG, Prakken JR. The value of hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) for the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus: a double blind trial. Dermatologica 1965; 130:293-305.
    • (1965) Dermatologica , vol.130 , pp. 293-305
    • Kraak, J.H.1    Van Ketel, W.G.2    Prakken, J.R.3
  • 17
    • 84889305339 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of lupus erythematosus with chloro-quine
    • Christiansen JV. Treatment of lupus erythematosus with chloro-quine. Br J Dermatol 1957;69:158-68.
    • (1957) Br J Dermatol , vol.69 , pp. 158-168
    • Christiansen, J.V.1
  • 18
    • 18844390637 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) in the treatment of lupus erythematosus
    • Brodthagen H. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) in the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol 1959;39:233-7.
    • (1959) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.39 , pp. 233-237
    • Brodthagen, H.1
  • 19
    • 0242432879 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of chloroquine and gold in the treatment of lupus erythematosus
    • Crissey JT, Murray PF. A comparison of chloroquine and gold in the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1956;74: 69-72.
    • (1956) Arch Dermatol , vol.74 , pp. 69-72
    • Crissey, J.T.1    Murray, P.F.2
  • 20
    • 84889414658 scopus 로고
    • L'idrossiclorochina nel trattamento dell'eritematodes cronico
    • Galla F. L'idrossiclorochina nel trattamento dell'eritematodes cronico. Minerva Dermatol 1961;36:99-101.
    • (1961) Minerva Dermatol , vol.36 , pp. 99-101
    • Galla, F.1
  • 21
    • 70449220243 scopus 로고
    • Plaquenil in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Goode P. Plaquenil in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1958;70:176-8.
    • (1958) Br J Dermatol , vol.70 , pp. 176-178
    • Goode, P.1
  • 22
    • 18844377601 scopus 로고
    • Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Treatment with Daraprim and chloro-quine diphosphate (Aralen)
    • Tye MJ, Schiff BL, Collins SF, Baler GR, Appel B. Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Treatment with Daraprim and chloro-quine diphosphate (Aralen). N Engl J Med 1954; 251:52-5.
    • (1954) N Engl J Med , vol.251 , pp. 52-55
    • Tye, M.J.1    Schiff, B.L.2    Collins, S.F.3    Baler, G.R.4    Appel, B.5
  • 25
    • 0033430989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rheumatologist's verdict on the safety of chloro-quine versus hydroxychloroquine
    • Houpt JB. A rheumatologist's verdict on the safety of chloro-quine versus hydroxychloroquine. J Rheumatol 1999:26:1864-7.
    • (1999) J Rheumatol , vol.26 , pp. 1864-1867
    • Houpt, J.B.1
  • 26
    • 0033868997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questions answered and a $1 million question raised concerning lupus erythematosus tumidus
    • Sontheimer R. Questions answered and a $1 million question raised concerning lupus erythematosus tumidus. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:1044-9.
    • (2000) Arch Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 1044-1049
    • Sontheimer, R.1
  • 27
    • 0025084541 scopus 로고
    • The comparative efficacy and toxicity of second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of two meta-analyses
    • Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Meenan RF. The comparative efficacy and toxicity of second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of two meta-analyses. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1449-59.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum , vol.33 , pp. 1449-1459
    • Felson, D.T.1    Anderson, J.J.2    Meenan, R.F.3
  • 28
    • 0034990187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study
    • Levy RA, Vilela VS, Cataldo MJ, et al. Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Lupus 2001;10:401-4.
    • (2001) Lupus , vol.10 , pp. 401-404
    • Levy, R.A.1    Vilela, V.S.2    Cataldo, M.J.3
  • 29
    • 0024383472 scopus 로고
    • The use of quinacrine (Atabrine) in rheumatic diseases: a reexamination
    • Wallace DJ. The use of quinacrine (Atabrine) in rheumatic diseases: a reexamination. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1989;18:282-96.
    • (1989) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.18 , pp. 282-296
    • Wallace, D.J.1
  • 30
    • 49749214662 scopus 로고
    • Amodiaquine hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Maguire A. Amodiaquine hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Lancet 1962;31:665-7.
    • (1962) Lancet , vol.31 , pp. 665-667
    • Maguire, A.1
  • 31
    • 84910286950 scopus 로고
    • Antimalarials in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Leeper RW, Allende MF. Antimalarials in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1956;73:50-7.
    • (1956) Arch Dermatol , vol.73 , pp. 50-57
    • Leeper, R.W.1    Allende, M.F.2
  • 32
    • 0027988333 scopus 로고
    • The association of the two antimalarials chloroquine and quinacrine for treatment-resistant chronic and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Feldmann R, Salomon D, Saurat JH. The association of the two antimalarials chloroquine and quinacrine for treatment-resistant chronic and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dermatology 1994;189:425-7.
    • (1994) Dermatology , vol.189 , pp. 425-427
    • Feldmann, R.1    Salomon, D.2    Saurat, J.H.3
  • 34
    • 0002609275 scopus 로고
    • Lupus erythematosus treated with a combination of quinacrine, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine
    • Tye MJ, White H, Appel B, Ansell HB. Lupus erythematosus treated with a combination of quinacrine, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. N Engl J Med 1959;260:63-5.
    • (1959) N Engl J Med , vol.260 , pp. 63-65
    • Tye, M.J.1    White, H.2    Appel, B.3    Ansell, H.B.4
  • 35
    • 0342804354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of antimalarial drugs mepacrine and chloroquine in therapy refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus; in German
    • Von Schmiedeberg S, Ronnau AC, Schuppe HC, Specker C, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P. [Combination of antimalarial drugs mepacrine and chloroquine in therapy refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus; in German.] Hautarzt 2000; 51:82-5.
    • (2000) Hautarzt , vol.51 , pp. 82-85
    • Von Schmiedeberg, S.1    Ronnau, A.C.2    Schuppe, H.C.3    Specker, C.4    Ruzicka, T.5    Lehmann, P.6
  • 36
    • 0001651479 scopus 로고
    • Intradermal administration of chloro-quine for discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
    • Everett MA, Coffey CM. Intradermal administration of chloro-quine for discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen sclerosis et atrophicus. Arch Dermatol 1961;83:977-9.
    • (1961) Arch Dermatol , vol.83 , pp. 977-979
    • Everett, M.A.1    Coffey, C.M.2
  • 37
    • 58149197272 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine for chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Pelzig A, Witten VH, Sulzberger MB. Chloroquine for chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1961;83:146-8.
    • (1961) Arch Dermatol , vol.83 , pp. 146-148
    • Pelzig, A.1    Witten, V.H.2    Sulzberger, M.B.3
  • 38
    • 0020038640 scopus 로고
    • Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Callen JP. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:412-6.
    • (1982) Arch Dermatol , vol.118 , pp. 412-416
    • Callen, J.P.1
  • 39
    • 45749109867 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with a combination of antimalarial and corticosteroid drugs
    • Alexander S, Cowan MA. The treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with a combination of antimalarial and corticosteroid drugs. Br J Dermatol 1961;73:359-61.
    • (1961) Br J Dermatol , vol.73 , pp. 359-361
    • Alexander, S.1    Cowan, M.A.2
  • 40
    • 33144484825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data
    • Da Silva JAP, Jacobs JWG, Kirwan JR, et al. Safety of low dose glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: published evidence and prospective trial data. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:285-93.
    • (2006) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.65 , pp. 285-293
    • Da Silva, J.A.P.1    Jacobs, J.W.G.2    Kirwan, J.R.3
  • 41
    • 45749109079 scopus 로고
    • Intralesional triamcinolone as an adjunct to antimalar-ial drugs in the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Smith JF. Intralesional triamcinolone as an adjunct to antimalar-ial drugs in the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1962;74:350-3.
    • (1962) Br J Dermatol , vol.74 , pp. 350-353
    • Smith, J.F.1
  • 42
    • 76649116323 scopus 로고
    • Intradermal triamcinolone acetonide in localized lesions
    • James APR. Intradermal triamcinolone acetonide in localized lesions. J Invest Dermatol 1980;34:175-6.
    • (1980) J Invest Dermatol , vol.34 , pp. 175-176
    • James, A.P.R.1
  • 43
    • 75949150708 scopus 로고
    • Local treatment of chronic lupus erythematosus with triamcinolone injections; in Dutch
    • Kraak JH. [Local treatment of chronic lupus erythematosus with triamcinolone injections; in Dutch.] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1964; 108:1305-6.
    • (1964) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd , vol.108 , pp. 1305-1306
    • Kraak, J.H.1
  • 44
    • 0008928203 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with intralesional triamcinolone
    • Rowell NR. Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with intralesional triamcinolone. Br J Dermatol 1962;74:354-7.
    • (1962) Br J Dermatol , vol.74 , pp. 354-357
    • Rowell, N.R.1
  • 46
    • 0017110729 scopus 로고
    • (Lamprone) in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Krivanek J, Paver WKA, Kossard S. (Lamprone) in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Dermatol 1976;17:108-10.
    • (1976) Dermatol , vol.17 , pp. 108-110
    • Krivanek, J.1    Paver, W.K.A.2    Kossard, S.3
  • 47
    • 0016200462 scopus 로고
    • Clofazimine in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Mackey JP, Barnes J. Clofazimine in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1974;91:93-6.
    • (1974) Br J Dermatol , vol.91 , pp. 93-96
    • Mackey, J.P.1    Barnes, J.2
  • 49
    • 0028892996 scopus 로고
    • Clofazimine: review of its medical uses and mechanisms of action
    • Arbiser JL, Moschella SL. Clofazimine: review of its medical uses and mechanisms of action. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:241-7.
    • (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.32 , pp. 241-247
    • Arbiser, J.L.1    Moschella, S.L.2
  • 50
    • 0020083513 scopus 로고
    • Dapsone and discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Coburn PR, Shuster S. Dapsone and discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1982;106:105-6.
    • (1982) Br J Dermatol , vol.106 , pp. 105-106
    • Coburn, P.R.1    Shuster, S.2
  • 51
    • 0022633559 scopus 로고
    • Dapsone in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Lindskov R, Reymann F. Dapsone in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Dermatologica 1986;172:214-7.
    • (1986) Dermatologica , vol.172 , pp. 214-217
    • Lindskov, R.1    Reymann, F.2
  • 52
    • 0019453451 scopus 로고
    • Dapsone in the treatment of lupus erythematosus
    • Ruzicka T, Goerz G. Dapsone in the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1981;104:53-5.
    • (1981) Br J Dermatol , vol.104 , pp. 53-55
    • Ruzicka, T.1    Goerz, G.2
  • 53
    • 0031864087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANCA-positive lupus erythematodes profundus. Successful therapy with low dosage dapsone; in German
    • Bohm I, Bruns A, Schupp G, Bauer R. [ANCA-positive lupus erythematodes profundus. Successful therapy with low dosage dapsone; in German.] Hautarzt 1998; 49:403-7.
    • (1998) Hautarzt , vol.49 , pp. 403-407
    • Bohm, I.1    Bruns, A.2    Schupp, G.3    Bauer, R.4
  • 54
    • 0019984271 scopus 로고
    • Bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dramatic response to dapsone therapy
    • Hall RP, Lawley TJ, Smith HR, Katz SI. Bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dramatic response to dapsone therapy. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97:165-70.
    • (1982) Ann Intern Med , vol.97 , pp. 165-170
    • Hall, R.P.1    Lawley, T.J.2    Smith, H.R.3    Katz, S.I.4
  • 55
    • 0025115760 scopus 로고
    • Dapsone is an effective therapy for the skin lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and urticarial vasculitis in a patient with C2 deficiency
    • Holtman JH, Neustadt DH, Klein J, Callen JP. Dapsone is an effective therapy for the skin lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and urticarial vasculitis in a patient with C2 deficiency. J Rheumatol 1990;17:1222-5.
    • (1990) J Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 1222-1225
    • Holtman, J.H.1    Neustadt, D.H.2    Klein, J.3    Callen, J.P.4
  • 56
    • 0021206770 scopus 로고
    • Annular subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus responsive to dapsone
    • McCormack LS, Elgart ML, Turner MLC. Annular subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus responsive to dapsone. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;11:397-401.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.11 , pp. 397-401
    • McCormack, L.S.1    Elgart, M.L.2    Turner, M.L.C.3
  • 57
    • 0032918228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of SLE with acute, subacute and chronic cutaneous lesions successfully treated with dapsone
    • Neri R, Mosca M, Bernacchi E, Bombardieri S. A case of SLE with acute, subacute and chronic cutaneous lesions successfully treated with dapsone. Lupus 1999;8:240-3.
    • (1999) Lupus , vol.8 , pp. 240-243
    • Neri, R.1    Mosca, M.2    Bernacchi, E.3    Bombardieri, S.4
  • 58
    • 0030017698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread pruritic plaques in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and hypocomplementemia: response to dapsone therapy
    • Tsutsui K, Imai T, Hatta N, et al. Widespread pruritic plaques in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and hypocomplementemia: response to dapsone therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:313-5.
    • (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.35 , pp. 313-315
    • Tsutsui, K.1    Imai, T.2    Hatta, N.3
  • 59
    • 0031826449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicities of dapsone in the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of rheumatic diseases
    • Mok CC, Lau, CS, Wong RW. Toxicities of dapsone in the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of rheumatic diseases. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1246-7.
    • (1998) J Rheumatol , vol.25 , pp. 1246-1247
    • Mok, C.C.1    Lau, C.S.2    Wong, R.W.3
  • 60
    • 0033000295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Carneiro JR, Sato EI. Double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1275-9.
    • (1999) J Rheumatol , vol.26 , pp. 1275-1279
    • Carneiro, J.R.1    Sato, E.I.2
  • 61
    • 22944467522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of methotrexate in recalcitrant cutaneous lupus erythematosus: results of a retrospective study in 43 patients
    • Wenzel J, Brahler S, Bauer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of methotrexate in recalcitrant cutaneous lupus erythematosus: results of a retrospective study in 43 patients. Br. J Dermatol 2005; 153:157-62.
    • (2005) Br. J Dermatol , vol.153 , pp. 157-162
    • Wenzel, J.1    Brahler, S.2    Bauer, R.3
  • 62
    • 0030740194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate in patients with moderate systemic lupus erythematosus (exclusion of renal and central nervous system disease)
    • Gansauge S, Breitbart A, Rinaldi N, Schwarz-Eywill M. Methotrexate in patients with moderate systemic lupus erythematosus (exclusion of renal and central nervous system disease). Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:382-5.
    • (1997) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.56 , pp. 382-385
    • Gansauge, S.1    Breitbart, A.2    Rinaldi, N.3    Schwarz-Eywill, M.4
  • 63
    • 0027956544 scopus 로고
    • A 2 year, open ended trial of methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Wilson J, Abeles M. A 2 year, open ended trial of methotrexate in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1994;21:1674-7.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 1674-1677
    • Wilson, J.1    Abeles, M.2
  • 64
    • 0029564546 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of corticodependent systemic lupus erythematosus with low dose methotrexate; in French
    • Arfi S, Numeric P, Grollier L, Panelatti G, Jean-Baptiste G. [Treatment of corticodependent systemic lupus erythematosus with low dose methotrexate; in French.] Rev Med Interne 1995; 16:885-90.
    • (1995) Rev Med Interne , vol.16 , pp. 885-890
    • Arfi, S.1    Numeric, P.2    Grollier, L.3    Panelatti, G.4    Jean-Baptiste, G.5
  • 65
    • 0023432739 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate therapy for severe systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Davidson JR, Graziano FM, Rothenberg RJ. Methotrexate therapy for severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1987;30:1195-6.
    • (1987) Arthritis Rheum , vol.30 , pp. 1195-1196
    • Davidson, J.R.1    Graziano, F.M.2    Rothenberg, R.J.3
  • 66
    • 0027360158 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with methotrexate
    • Garcia G, Portales G, Nebro F, et al. Effectiveness of the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with methotrexate. Med Clin (Barc) 1993;101:361-4.
    • (1993) Med Clin (Barc) , vol.101 , pp. 361-364
    • Garcia, G.1    Portales, G.2    Nebro, F.3
  • 67
    • 0030925866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid improvement of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with low-dose methotrexate
    • Bohm L, Uerlich M, Bauer R. Rapid improvement of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with low-dose methotrexate. Dermatology 1997;194:307-8.
    • (1997) Dermatology , vol.194 , pp. 307-308
    • Bohm, L.1    Uerlich, M.2    Bauer, R.3
  • 68
    • 0023909225 scopus 로고
    • The use of methotrexate in steroid-resistant systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Rothenberg RJ, Graziano FM, Grandone JT, et al. The use of methotrexate in steroid-resistant systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:612-5.
    • (1988) Arthritis Rheum , vol.31 , pp. 612-615
    • Rothenberg, R.J.1    Graziano, F.M.2    Grandone, J.T.3
  • 70
    • 0029096203 scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate for the treatment of severe mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Bottomley WW, Goodfield M. Methotrexate for the treatment of severe mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1995;133:311-4.
    • (1995) Br J Dermatol , vol.133 , pp. 311-314
    • Bottomley, W.W.1    Goodfield, M.2
  • 71
    • 0347298721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bullous SLE: response to methotrexate and relationship with disease activity
    • Malcangi G, Brandozzi G, Giangiacomi M, et al. Bullous SLE: response to methotrexate and relationship with disease activity. Lupus 2003;12:63-6.
    • (2003) Lupus , vol.12 , pp. 63-66
    • Malcangi, G.1    Brandozzi, G.2    Giangiacomi, M.3
  • 72
    • 0036553480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate treatment for refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Kuhn A, Specker, Ruzicka T. Methotrexate treatment for refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:600-3.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.46 , pp. 600-603
    • Kuhn, A.1    Specker, R.T.2
  • 73
    • 0030667644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The remarkable spectrum of methotrexate toxicities
    • McKendry RJR. The remarkable spectrum of methotrexate toxicities. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997;23:939-45.
    • (1997) Rheum Dis Clin North Am , vol.23 , pp. 939-945
    • McKendry, R.J.R.1
  • 75
    • 0021884043 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with etretinate
    • Ruzicka T, Meurer M, Braun-Falco O. Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with etretinate. Acta Derm Venereol 1985; 65:324-9.
    • (1985) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.65 , pp. 324-329
    • Ruzicka, T.1    Meurer, M.2    Braun-Falco, O.3
  • 76
    • 0023875384 scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of acitretin in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Ruzicka T, Meurer M, Bieber T. Efficiency of acitretin in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1988; 124:897-902.
    • (1988) Arch Dermatol , vol.124 , pp. 897-902
    • Ruzicka, T.1    Meurer, M.2    Bieber, T.3
  • 77
    • 0025005974 scopus 로고
    • Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Response to isotretinoin
    • Furner BB. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Response to isotretinoin. Int J Dermatol 1990; 29:587-90.
    • (1990) Int J Dermatol , vol.29 , pp. 587-590
    • Furner, B.B.1
  • 78
    • 0023252059 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with isotretinoin
    • Green SG, Piette WW. Successful treatment of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17:364-8.
    • (1987) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.17 , pp. 364-368
    • Green, S.G.1    Piette, W.W.2
  • 79
    • 84889322321 scopus 로고
    • Lichen planus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • In: Lowe N, Marks R, eds., London: Dunitz
    • Marks R. Lichen planus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In: Lowe N, Marks R, eds. Retinoids. London: Dunitz, 1995:1437.
    • (1995) Retinoids , pp. 1437
    • Marks, R.1
  • 80
    • 84943985328 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism-oriented assessment of isotretinoin in chronic or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Newton RC, Jorizzo JL, Solomon AR, et al. Mechanism-oriented assessment of isotretinoin in chronic or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:170-6.
    • (1986) Arch Dermatol , vol.122 , pp. 170-176
    • Newton, R.C.1    Jorizzo, J.L.2    Solomon, A.R.3
  • 81
    • 0022519474 scopus 로고
    • Keratotic lupus erythematosus: treatment with isotretinoin
    • Rubenstein DJ, Huntley AC. Keratotic lupus erythematosus: treatment with isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14:910-4.
    • (1986) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.14 , pp. 910-914
    • Rubenstein, D.J.1    Huntley, A.C.2
  • 83
    • 0025797034 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous lupus treated with topical tretinoin: a case report
    • Seiger E, Roland S, Goldman S. Cutaneous lupus treated with topical tretinoin: a case report. Cutis 1991;47:351-5.
    • (1991) Cutis , vol.47 , pp. 351-355
    • Seiger, E.1    Roland, S.2    Goldman, S.3
  • 84
  • 85
    • 0020641543 scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide in the treatment of sixty cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Knop J, Bonsmann G, Happle R, et al. Thalidomide in the treatment of sixty cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Derm 1983;108:461-6.
    • (1983) Br J Derm , vol.108 , pp. 461-466
    • Knop, J.1    Bonsmann, G.2    Happle, R.3
  • 86
    • 0030843798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide in the treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus: experience in sixteen consecutive patients
    • Stevens RJ, Andujar C, Edwards CJ, et al. Thalidomide in the treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus: experience in sixteen consecutive patients. Br J Rheumatol 1997;36:353-9.
    • (1997) Br J Rheumatol , vol.36 , pp. 353-359
    • Stevens, R.J.1    Andujar, C.2    Edwards, C.J.3
  • 87
    • 0019311260 scopus 로고
    • La thalidomide dans le traitement du lupus érythémateux chronique
    • Samsoen M, Grosshans E, Basset A. La thalidomide dans le traitement du lupus érythémateux chronique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1980;107:515-23.
    • (1980) Ann Dermatol Venereol , vol.107 , pp. 515-523
    • Samsoen, M.1    Grosshans, E.2    Basset, A.3
  • 88
    • 0027375991 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of the cutaneous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus with thalidomide
    • Atra E, Sato EI. Treatment of the cutaneous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus with thalidomide. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993;11:487-93.
    • (1993) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.11 , pp. 487-493
    • Atra, E.1    Sato, E.I.2
  • 89
    • 0034042046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide in the treatment of cutaneous lupus refractory to conventional therapy
    • Ordi-Ros J, Cortes F, Cucurull E, et al. Thalidomide in the treatment of cutaneous lupus refractory to conventional therapy. J Rheumatol 2000;27:1429-33.
    • (2000) J Rheumatol , vol.27 , pp. 1429-1433
    • Ordi-Ros, J.1    Cortes, F.2    Cucurull, E.3
  • 90
    • 0032864026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American experience with low dose thalidomide therapy for severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Duong DJ, Spigel T, Moxley RT, et al. American experience with low dose thalidomide therapy for severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:1079-87.
    • (1999) Arch Dermatol , vol.135 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Duong, D.J.1    Spigel, T.2    Moxley, R.T.3
  • 91
    • 0020544628 scopus 로고
    • Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Thalidomide treatment of 11 patients
    • Hasper MF. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Thalidomide treatment of 11 patients. Arch Dermatol 1983; 119:812-5.
    • (1983) Arch Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 812-815
    • Hasper, M.F.1
  • 92
    • 0021964277 scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide therapy. An open trial
    • Naafs B, Faber WR. Thalidomide therapy. An open trial. Int J Dermatol 1985; 24:131-4.
    • (1985) Int J Dermatol , vol.24 , pp. 131-134
    • Naafs, B.1    Faber, W.R.2
  • 93
    • 21844436051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term thalidomide use in refractory cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus: a 65 series of Brazilian patients
    • Coelho A, Souto MI, Cardoso CR, et al. Long-term thalidomide use in refractory cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus: a 65 series of Brazilian patients. Lupus 2005;14:434-9.
    • (2005) Lupus , vol.14 , pp. 434-439
    • Coelho, A.1    Souto, M.I.2    Cardoso, C.R.3
  • 94
    • 14644394268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide for the treatment of resistant cutaneous lupus: efficacy and safety of different therapeutic regimens
    • Cuadrado MJ, Karim Y, Sanna G, et al. Thalidomide for the treatment of resistant cutaneous lupus: efficacy and safety of different therapeutic regimens. Am J Med 2005;118:246-50.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 246-250
    • Cuadrado, M.J.1    Karim, Y.2    Sanna, G.3
  • 95
    • 10644244376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide treatment for hypertrophic cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Gambini D, Carrera C, Passoni E, et al. Thalidomide treatment for hypertrophic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Dermatolog Treat 2004;15:365-71.
    • (2004) J Dermatolog Treat , vol.15 , pp. 365-371
    • Gambini, D.1    Carrera, C.2    Passoni, E.3
  • 96
    • 0029758257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rediscovering thalidomide: a review of its mechanism of action, side effects and potential uses
    • Tseng S, Pak G, Washenik K, et al. Rediscovering thalidomide: a review of its mechanism of action, side effects and potential uses. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:969-79.
    • (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.35 , pp. 969-979
    • Tseng, S.1    Pak, G.2    Washenik, K.3
  • 97
    • 0034655161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide: current and potential clinical applications
    • Calabrese L, Fleischer AB. Thalidomide: current and potential clinical applications. Am J Med 2000;108:487-95.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.108 , pp. 487-495
    • Calabrese, L.1    Fleischer, A.B.2
  • 98
    • 30844443931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative effects of thalidomide on refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Briani C, Zara G, Rondinone R, et al. Positive and negative effects of thalidomide on refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2005;38:549-55.
    • (2005) Autoimmunity , vol.38 , pp. 549-555
    • Briani, C.1    Zara, G.2    Rondinone, R.3
  • 100
    • 0023698316 scopus 로고
    • Resistant discoid lupus erythematosus of palms and soles: successful treatment with azathioprine
    • Ashinoff R, Werth VP, Franks AG. Resistant discoid lupus erythematosus of palms and soles: successful treatment with azathioprine. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;19:961-5.
    • (1988) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.19 , pp. 961-965
    • Ashinoff, R.1    Werth, V.P.2    Franks, A.G.3
  • 101
    • 0022617256 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of generalised discoid skin lesions with azathioprine
    • Shehade S. Successful treatment of generalised discoid skin lesions with azathioprine. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:376-7.
    • (1986) Arch Dermatol , vol.122 , pp. 376-377
    • Shehade, S.1
  • 102
    • 0021851618 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of generalised discoid skin lesions with azathioprine
    • Tsokos GC, Caughman SW, Klippel JH. Successful treatment of generalised discoid skin lesions with azathioprine. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:1323-5.
    • (1985) Arch Dermatol , vol.121 , pp. 1323-1325
    • Tsokos, G.C.1    Caughman, S.W.2    Klippel, J.H.3
  • 103
    • 0028030385 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin and discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Yell JA, Burge SM. Cyclosporin and discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1994;131:132-3.
    • (1994) Br J Dermatol , vol.131 , pp. 132-133
    • Yell, J.A.1    Burge, S.M.2
  • 104
    • 0034043004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining remission of lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP) with cyclosporin A
    • Saeki Y, Ohshima S, Kurimoto I, Miura H, Suemura M. Maintaining remission of lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP) with cyclosporin A. Lupus 2000;9:390-2.
    • (2000) Lupus , vol.9 , pp. 390-392
    • Saeki, Y.1    Ohshima, S.2    Kurimoto, I.3    Miura, H.4    Suemura, M.5
  • 105
    • 0029921866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus during treatment with cyclosporine
    • Di Lernia V, Biosighini G. Discoid lupus erythematosus during treatment with cyclosporine. Acta Derm Venereol 1996;76: 87-8.
    • (1996) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.76 , pp. 87-88
    • Di Lernia, V.1    Biosighini, G.2
  • 106
    • 17944371839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus in a patient receiving cyclosporin for liver transplantation
    • Obermoser G, Weber F, Sepp N. Discoid lupus erythematosus in a patient receiving cyclosporin for liver transplantation. Acta Derm Venereol 2001;81:319.
    • (2001) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.81 , pp. 319
    • Obermoser, G.1    Weber, F.2    Sepp, N.3
  • 107
    • 84889302727 scopus 로고
    • Ten years experience in the treatment of lupus erythematosus with gold compounds
    • Wright CS. Ten years experience in the treatment of lupus erythematosus with gold compounds. Arch Dermatol Syph 1936; 33:413-29.
    • (1936) Arch Dermatol Syph , vol.33 , pp. 413-429
    • Wright, C.S.1
  • 108
    • 84889421825 scopus 로고
    • Lupus erythematosus. Treatment with gold preparations
    • Rutledge WU. Lupus erythematosus. Treatment with gold preparations. Arch Dermatol Syph 1931; 23:874-83.
    • (1931) Arch Dermatol Syph , vol.23 , pp. 874-883
    • Rutledge, W.U.1
  • 109
    • 84980092993 scopus 로고
    • Six years' experience of the treatment of lupus erythematosus with gold compounds
    • Strandberg J. Six years' experience of the treatment of lupus erythematosus with gold compounds. Acta Med Scand 1931;75: 296-317.
    • (1931) Acta Med Scand , vol.75 , pp. 296-317
    • Strandberg, J.1
  • 110
    • 78651026223 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of lupus erythematosus with calciferol, antibiotics and gold preparations
    • Pascher F. Treatment of lupus erythematosus with calciferol, antibiotics and gold preparations. Arch Dermatol Syph 1950;61: 906-12.
    • (1950) Arch Dermatol Syph , vol.61 , pp. 906-912
    • Pascher, F.1
  • 111
    • 0022444882 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with an oral gold compound (auranofin)
    • Dalziel K, Going G, Cartwright PH, et al. Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with an oral gold compound (auranofin). Br J Dermatol 1986;115:211-6.
    • (1986) Br J Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 211-216
    • Dalziel, K.1    Going, G.2    Cartwright, P.H.3
  • 112
    • 0034941002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of resistant discoid lupus erythematosus of the palms and soles with mycophenolate mofetil
    • Goyal S, Nousari HC. Treatment of resistant discoid lupus erythematosus of the palms and soles with mycophenolate mofetil. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:142-4.
    • (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.45 , pp. 142-144
    • Goyal, S.1    Nousari, H.C.2
  • 113
    • 20444458699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus refractory to multiple treatment modalities: poor results with mycophenolate mofetil
    • Pisoni CN, Obermoser G, Cuadrado MJ, et al. Skin manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus refractory to multiple treatment modalities: poor results with mycophenolate mofetil. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005;23:393-6.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.23 , pp. 393-396
    • Pisoni, C.N.1    Obermoser, G.2    Cuadrado, M.J.3
  • 115
    • 0039277545 scopus 로고
    • A note on the treatment of lupus erythematosus with vitamin E
    • Morgan J. A note on the treatment of lupus erythematosus with vitamin E. Br J Dermatol 1951;63:224-5.
    • (1951) Br J Dermatol , vol.63 , pp. 224-225
    • Morgan, J.1
  • 116
    • 0039277547 scopus 로고
    • Tocopherols (vitamin E). Treatment of lupus erythematosus: preliminary report
    • Burgess JF, Pritchard JE. Tocopherols (vitamin E). Treatment of lupus erythematosus: preliminary report. Arch Dermatol Syph 1948; 57:953-64.
    • (1948) Arch Dermatol Syph , vol.57 , pp. 953-964
    • Burgess, J.F.1    Pritchard, J.E.2
  • 117
    • 0039277544 scopus 로고
    • Tocopherol (vitamin E) for discoid lupus erythematosus and other dermatoses
    • Pascher F, Sawicky HH, Silverberg MF, et al. Tocopherol (vitamin E) for discoid lupus erythematosus and other dermatoses. J Invest Dermatol 1951;17:261-2.
    • (1951) J Invest Dermatol , vol.17 , pp. 261-262
    • Pascher, F.1    Sawicky, H.H.2    Silverberg, M.F.3
  • 118
    • 76549241195 scopus 로고
    • Therapy of lupus erythematosus
    • Sawicky HH. Therapy of lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol Syph 1950;61:906-9.
    • (1950) Arch Dermatol Syph , vol.61 , pp. 906-909
    • Sawicky, H.H.1
  • 119
    • 0039277546 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E in collagenoses
    • Sweet RD. Vitamin E in collagenoses. Lancet 1948;ii:310-1.
    • (1948) Lancet , vol.II , pp. 310-311
    • Sweet, R.D.1
  • 120
    • 0026935019 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E and discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Yell JA, Burge S, Wojnarowska F. Vitamin E and discoid lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1992;1:303-5.
    • (1992) Lupus , vol.1 , pp. 303-305
    • Yell, J.A.1    Burge, S.2    Wojnarowska, F.3
  • 121
    • 0344629146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of infliximab, an anti-tumour necrosis alpha antibody, for inflammatory dermatoses
    • Drosou A, Kirsner RS, Welsh E, Sullivan TP, Kerdel FA. Use of infliximab, an anti-tumour necrosis alpha antibody, for inflammatory dermatoses. J Cutan Med Surg 2003;7:382-6.
    • (2003) J Cutan Med Surg , vol.7 , pp. 382-386
    • Drosou, A.1    Kirsner, R.S.2    Welsh, E.3    Sullivan, T.P.4    Kerdel, F.A.5
  • 122
    • 32644444786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case reports of etaner-cept in inflammatory dermatoses
    • Norman R, Greenberg RG, Jackson M. Case reports of etaner-cept in inflammatory dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54 (3 Suppl 2):S139-42.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Norman, R.1    Greenberg, R.G.2    Jackson, M.3
  • 123
    • 16644375642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medical uses and side effects of etanercept with a focus on cutaneous disease
    • Scheinfeld N. The medical uses and side effects of etanercept with a focus on cutaneous disease. J Drugs Dermatol 2004;3:653-9.
    • (2004) J Drugs Dermatol , vol.3 , pp. 653-659
    • Scheinfeld, N.1
  • 124
  • 125
    • 0030038403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a chimeric CD4 monoclonal antibody, cM-T412
    • Prinz JC, Meurer M, Reiter C, et al. Treatment of severe cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a chimeric CD4 monoclonal antibody, cM-T412. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;34:244-52.
    • (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.34 , pp. 244-252
    • Prinz, J.C.1    Meurer, M.2    Reiter, C.3
  • 126
    • 0018833480 scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic features and evaluation of topical corticosteroid therapy
    • Roenigk HH, Martin JS, Eichorn P, Gilliam JN. Discoid lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic features and evaluation of topical corticosteroid therapy. Cutis 1980; 25:281-5.
    • (1980) Cutis , vol.25 , pp. 281-285
    • Roenigk, H.H.1    Martin, J.S.2    Eichorn, P.3    Gilliam, J.N.4
  • 127
    • 0013957114 scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethason-17-valerate and fluo-cinolone acetonideaa double blind study
    • Bjornberg A, Hellgren L. Topical treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethason-17-valerate and fluo-cinolone acetonideaa double blind study. Indian J Dermatol 1966; 12:17-8.
    • (1966) Indian J Dermatol , vol.12 , pp. 17-18
    • Bjornberg, A.1    Hellgren, L.2
  • 128
    • 45749084952 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with fluocinolone acetonide ointment
    • Bjornberg A, Hellgren L. Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with fluocinolone acetonide ointment. Br J Dermatol 1963;75:156-60.
    • (1963) Br J Dermatol , vol.75 , pp. 156-160
    • Bjornberg, A.1    Hellgren, L.2
  • 129
    • 0017265177 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethasone-17,21 dipropionate
    • Bjornberg A, Hellgren L. Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethasone-17,21 dipropionate. Curr Ther Res 1976;19:442-3.
    • (1976) Curr Ther Res , vol.19 , pp. 442-443
    • Bjornberg, A.1    Hellgren, L.2
  • 130
    • 0028260827 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with 6 α-methylprednisolone aceponate
    • Haneke E. Long-term treatment with 6 α-methylprednisolone aceponate. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1994;3:S19-S22.
    • (1994) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.3
    • Haneke, E.1
  • 132
    • 0014330381 scopus 로고
    • Fluocinolone acetonide 0.2% cream-a cooperative clinical trial
    • Marsden CW. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.2% cream-a cooperative clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 1968; 80:614-7.
    • (1968) Br J Dermatol , vol.80 , pp. 614-617
    • Marsden, C.W.1
  • 133
    • 50549176388 scopus 로고
    • Fluocinolone acetonide in the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Mitchell AD, Mitchell DM. Fluocinolone acetonide in the treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Lancet 1962; ii:359.
    • (1962) Lancet , vol.II , pp. 359
    • Mitchell, A.D.1    Mitchell, D.M.2
  • 134
    • 0016243121 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethasone-valerate cream 1%
    • Reymann F. Treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with betamethasone-valerate cream 1%. Dermatologica 1974;149:65-8.
    • (1974) Dermatologica , vol.149 , pp. 65-68
    • Reymann, F.1
  • 136
    • 33845539315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus vs. clobetasol propionate in the treatment of facial cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, bilateral comparison study
    • T-y. Tzung, y-s. Liu, h-w. Chang Tacrolimus vs. clobetasol propionate in the treatment of facial cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, bilateral comparison study. British Journal of Dermatology 2007;156(1):191-192.
    • (2007) British Journal of Dermatology , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 191-192
    • Tzung, T.-Y.1    Liu, Y.-S.2    Chang, H.-W.3
  • 138
    • 0037328684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of topical tacrolimus for treating the malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Kanekura T, Yoshii N, Terasaki K, Miyoshi H, Kanzaki T. Efficacy of topical tacrolimus for treating the malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:353-6.
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.148 , pp. 353-356
    • Kanekura, T.1    Yoshii, N.2    Terasaki, K.3    Miyoshi, H.4    Kanzaki, T.5
  • 139
    • 0344737919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical tacrolimus as a therapeutic adjunct in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. A report of three cases
    • Böhm M, Gaubitz M, Luger TA, Metze D, Bonsmann G. Topical tacrolimus as a therapeutic adjunct in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. A report of three cases. Dermatology (Basel) 2003; 207:381-5.
    • (2003) Dermatology (Basel) , vol.207 , pp. 381-385
    • Böhm, M.1    Gaubitz, M.2    Luger, T.A.3    Metze, D.4    Bonsmann, G.5
  • 140
    • 4444347666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimecrolimus 1% cream for cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Kreuter A, Gambichler T, Breuckmann F, et al. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:407-10.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.51 , pp. 407-410
    • Kreuter, A.1    Gambichler, T.2    Breuckmann, F.3
  • 141
    • 8344238921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical tacrolimus therapy of resistant cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus: a possible alternative
    • Lampropoulos CE, Sangle S, Harrison P, Hughes GRV, D'Cruz DP. Topical tacrolimus therapy of resistant cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus: a possible alternative. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43:1383-5.
    • (2004) Rheumatology (Oxford) , vol.43 , pp. 1383-1385
    • Lampropoulos, C.E.1    Sangle, S.2    Harrison, P.3    Hughes, G.R.V.4    D'Cruz, D.P.5
  • 142
    • 25444437498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1% Tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Heffernan MP, Nelson MM, Smith DI, Chung JH. 1% Tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 2005;141:1170-1
    • (2005) Arch Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 1170-1171
    • Heffernan, M.P.1    Nelson, M.M.2    Smith, D.I.3    Chung, J.H.4
  • 143
    • 0036159587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy for facial erythematous lesions of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis
    • Yoshimasu T, Ohtani T, Oshima A, Sakamoto T, Furukawa F. Topical FK506 (tacrolimus) therapy for facial erythematous lesions of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis. Eur J Dermatol 2002;12:50-2.
    • (2002) Eur J Dermatol , vol.12 , pp. 50-52
    • Yoshimasu, T.1    Ohtani, T.2    Oshima, A.3    Sakamoto, T.4    Furukawa, F.5
  • 144
    • 14844315610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Ashcroft DM, Dimmock P, Garside R, Stein K, Williams HC. Efficacy and tolerability of topical pimecrolimus and tacrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br Med J 2005;330:516.
    • (2005) Br Med J , vol.330 , pp. 516
    • Ashcroft, D.M.1    Dimmock, P.2    Garside, R.3    Stein, K.4    Williams, H.C.5
  • 145
    • 33646154439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carcinogenic potential of tacrolimus ointment suppression; a hypothesis creating case report
    • Becker JC, Houben R, Vetter CS, Eva B. The carcinogenic potential of tacrolimus ointment suppression; a hypothesis creating case report. BMC Cancer 2006;6:7-11.
    • (2006) BMC Cancer , vol.6 , pp. 7-11
    • Becker, J.C.1    Houben, R.2    Vetter, C.S.3    Eva, B.4
  • 146
    • 0033663693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the capacity of sunscreens to photoprotect lupus erythematosus patients by employing the photoprovocation test
    • Stege H, Budde MA, Grether-Beck S, Krutmann J. Evaluation of the capacity of sunscreens to photoprotect lupus erythematosus patients by employing the photoprovocation test. Photoderm Photoimmunol Photomed 2000;16:256-9.
    • (2000) Photoderm Photoimmunol Photomed , vol.16 , pp. 256-259
    • Stege, H.1    Budde, M.A.2    Grether-Beck, S.3    Krutmann, J.4
  • 147
    • 0026029345 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in patients with discoid or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Callen JP, Roth DE, McGrath C, Dromgoole SH. Safety and efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in patients with discoid or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Cutis 1991;47:130-2.
    • (1991) Cutis , vol.47 , pp. 130-132
    • Callen, J.P.1    Roth, D.E.2    McGrath, C.3    Dromgoole, S.H.4
  • 148
    • 84889395923 scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus scars treated by plastic surgery
    • Cornbleet T, Barsky S, Hoit L. Discoid lupus erythematosus scars treated by plastic surgery. Arch Dermatol 1957;74:219.
    • (1957) Arch Dermatol , vol.74 , pp. 219
    • Cornbleet, T.1    Barsky, S.2    Hoit, L.3
  • 149
    • 84889363805 scopus 로고
    • Successful skin grafting in discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Neuman Z, Shulman J, Ben-hur N. Successful skin grafting in discoid lupus erythematosus. Ann Surg 1961;154:142-4.
    • (1961) Ann Surg , vol.154 , pp. 142-144
    • Neuman, Z.1    Shulman, J.2    Ben-Hur, N.3
  • 150
    • 0014479742 scopus 로고
    • Skin moving and skin transplantation in chronic lupus erythematosus integumentalis; in German
    • Friederich HC. [Skin moving and skin transplantation in chronic lupus erythematosus integumentalis; in German.] Hautarzt 1969; 20:119-22.
    • (1969) Hautarzt , vol.20 , pp. 119-122
    • Friederich, H.C.1
  • 151
    • 0018498984 scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus treated by dermabrasion
    • Kurwa AR, Evans AJ. Discoid lupus erythematosus treated by dermabrasion. Br J Dermatol 1970;101:S53.
    • (1970) Br J Dermatol , vol.101
    • Kurwa, A.R.1    Evans, A.J.2
  • 152
    • 0018190920 scopus 로고
    • Local excision in the treatment of oral discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Schiödt M. Local excision in the treatment of oral discoid lupus erythematosus. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl 1978;59:274-6.
    • (1978) Acta Derm Venereol Suppl , vol.59 , pp. 274-276
    • Schiödt, M.1
  • 153
    • 0025290030 scopus 로고
    • Discoid lupus erythematosus scarring and dermabrasion: a case report and discussion
    • Ratner D, Skouge JW. Discoid lupus erythematosus scarring and dermabrasion: a case report and discussion. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:314-6.
    • (1990) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.22 , pp. 314-316
    • Ratner, D.1    Skouge, J.W.2
  • 154
    • 0035138349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UVA-1 cold light treatment of SLE: a double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial
    • Polderman MC, Huizinga, TW, Le-Cessie S, Pavel S. UVA-1 cold light treatment of SLE: a double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:112-5.
    • (2001) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.60 , pp. 112-115
    • Polderman, M.C.1    Huizinga, T.W.2    Le-Cessie, S.3    Pavel, S.4
  • 155
    • 0028362631 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet A1 irradiation decreases clinical disease activity and autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • McGrath H. Ultraviolet A1 irradiation decreases clinical disease activity and autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1994;12:129-35.
    • (1994) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.12 , pp. 129-135
    • McGrath, H.1
  • 156
    • 0030982724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ultraviolet-A1 irradiation therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Molina JF, McGrath H. Long-term ultraviolet-A1 irradiation therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheum 1997;24:1072-4.
    • (1997) J Rheum , vol.24 , pp. 1072-1074
    • Molina, J.F.1    McGrath, H.2
  • 158
    • 0031807116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal photopheresis in therapy-refractory disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus
    • Richter HI, Krutmann J, Goerz G. Extracorporeal photopheresis in therapy-refractory disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus. Hautarzt 1998;49:487-91.
    • (1998) Hautarzt , vol.49 , pp. 487-491
    • Richter, H.I.1    Krutmann, J.2    Goerz, G.3
  • 159
    • 0032589590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Wollina U, Looks A. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1999;13:127-30.
    • (1999) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.13 , pp. 127-130
    • Wollina, U.1    Looks, A.2
  • 161
    • 0033374235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: treatment with pulsed dye laser
    • Raulin C, Schmidt C, Hellwig S. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: treatment with pulsed dye laser. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:1046-50.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Raulin, C.1    Schmidt, C.2    Hellwig, S.3
  • 162
    • 0033428962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsed dye laser treatment of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Gupta G, Roberts DT. Pulsed dye laser treatment of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol 1999;24:498-9.
    • (1999) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.24 , pp. 498-499
    • Gupta, G.1    Roberts, D.T.2
  • 163
    • 0029926157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsed dye laser treatment of telangiectatic chronic erythema of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
    • Núñez M, Boixeda P, Miralles ES, de Misa RF, Ledo A. Pulsed dye laser treatment of telangiectatic chronic erythema of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:354-5.
    • (1996) Arch Dermatol , vol.132 , pp. 354-355
    • Núñez, M.1    Boixeda, P.2    Miralles, E.S.3    De Misa, R.F.4    Ledo, A.5
  • 164
    • 0023922285 scopus 로고
    • Argon laser treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions in connective tissue diseases
    • Zachariae H, Bjerring P, Cramers M. Argon laser treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions in connective tissue diseases. Acta Derm Venereol 1952;68:179-82.
    • (1952) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.68 , pp. 179-182
    • Zachariae, H.1    Bjerring, P.2    Cramers, M.3
  • 165
    • 0029837144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with argon laser; in German
    • Nürnberg W, Algermissen B, Hermes B, Henz BM, Kolde G. [Successful treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with argon laser; in German.] Hautarzt 1996; 47:767-70.
    • (1996) Hautarzt , vol.47 , pp. 767-770
    • Nürnberg, W.1    Algermissen, B.2    Hermes, B.3    Henz, B.M.4    Kolde, G.5
  • 166
    • 0033764694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with argon laser
    • Kuhn A, Becker-Wegerich PM, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P. Successful treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus with argon laser. Dermatology 2000;201:175-7.
    • (2000) Dermatology , vol.201 , pp. 175-177
    • Kuhn, A.1    Becker-Wegerich, P.M.2    Ruzicka, T.3    Lehmann, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.