Management of post-hepatectomy complications

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 19, Issue 44, 2013, Pages 7983-7991

  Jin, Shan ^a   Fu, Quan ^a   Wuyun, Gerile ^a   Wuyun, Tu ^a  

^a AFFILIATED HOSPITAL OF INNER MONGOLIA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Hepatectomy; Management; Postoperative complication

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; HEMOSTATIC AGENT; HEPARIN; INDOCYANINE GREEN; PROTAMINE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; SOMATOSTATIN; ULINASTATIN;

ACIDOSIS; ASCITES; ATELECTASIS; BILE LEAKAGE; BILIARY TRACT HEMORRHAGE; BLEEDING; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; CATHETER INFECTION; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEVER; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER RESECTION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS; PLEURA EFFUSION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; REVIEW; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; WOUND DEHISCENCE;

HEPATECTOMY; MANAGEMENT; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION;

HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; REOPERATION; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84888622681     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i44.7983     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Savage AP, Malt RA. Elective and emergency hepatic resection. Determinants of operative mortality and morbidity. Ann Surg 1991; 214: 689-695 [PMID: 1741648 DOI: 10.1097/0 0000658-199112000-00008]
2. Wu M, Zhang Z. Prevention and treatment of complications after hepatectomy. Zhonghua Wai Ke Zazhi 2002; 40: 332-335 [PMID: 12133335]
3. Ishikawa M, Yogita S, Miyake H, Fukuda Y, Harada M, Wada D, Tashiro S. Clarification of risk factors for hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2002; 49: 1625-1631 [PMID: 12397750]
4. Descottes B, Glineur D, Lachachi F, Valleix D, Paineau J, Hamy A, Morino M, Bismuth H, Castaing D, Savier E, Honore P, Detry O, Legrand M, Azagra JS, Goergen M, Ceuterick M, Marescaux J, Mutter D, de Hemptinne B, Troisi R, Weerts J, Dallemagne B, Jehaes C, Gelin M, Donckier V, Aerts R, Topal B, Bertrand C, Mansvelt B, Van Krunckelsven L, Herman D, Kint M, Totte E, Schockmel R, Gigot JF. Laparoscopic liver resection of benign liver tumors. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 23-30 [PMID: 12364994 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-0012-y]
5. Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Cowan JA, Lipsett PA. Postoperative complication rates after hepatic resection in Maryland hospitals. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 41-46 [PMID: 12511147 DOI:10.1001/archsurg.138.1.41]
6. Benzoni E, Lorenzin D, Baccarani U, Adani GL, Favero A, Cojutti A, Bresadola F, Uzzau A. Resective surgery for liver tumor: a multivariate analysis of causes and risk factors linked to postoperative complications. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2006; 5: 526-533 [PMID: 17085337]
7. Benzoni E, Molaro R, Cedolini C, Favero A, Cojutti A, Lorenzin D, Intini S, Adani GL, Baccarani U, Bresadola F, Uzzacu A. Liver resection for HCC: analysis of causes and risk factors linked to postoperative complications. Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54: 186-189 [PMID: 17419257]
8. Mullen JT, Ribero D, Reddy SK, Donadon M, Zorzi D, Gautam S, Abdalla EK, Curley SA, Capussotti L, Clary BM, Vauthey JN. Hepatic insufficiency and mortality in 1,059 noncirrhotic patients undergoing major hepatectomy. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204: 854-862; discussion 862-864 [PMID: 17481498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.12.032]
9. McKay A, You I, Bigam D, Lafreniere R, Sutherland F, Ghali W, Dixon E. Impact of surgeon training on outcomes after resective hepatic surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 1348-1355 [PMID: 18306973 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-9838-9]
10. Feng ZQ, Huang ZQ, Xu LN, Liu R, Zhang AQ, Huang XQ, Zhang WZ, Dong JH. Liver resection for benign hepatic lesions: a retrospective analysis of 827 consecutive cases. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 7247-7251 [PMID: 19084942 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7247]
11. Tomuş C, Iancu C, Bǎlǎ O, Graur F, Furcea L, Zaharie F, Mocan L, Vlad L. Liver resection for benign hepatic lesion: mortality, morbidity and risk factors for postoperative complications. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2009; 104: 275-280 [PMID: 19601458]
12. Cescon M, Vetrone G, Grazi GL, Ramacciato G, Ercolani G, Ravaioli M, Del Gaudio M, Pinna AD. Trends in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1500 consecutive unselected cases over 20 years. Ann Surg 2009; 249: 995-1002 [PMID: 19474679 DOI: 10.1097/ SLA.0b013e3181a63c74]
13. Huang ZQ, Xu LN, Yang T, Zhang WZ, Huang XQ, Cai SW, Zhang AQ, Feng YQ, Zhou NX, Dong JH. Hepatic resection: an analysis of the impact of operative and perioperative factors on morbidity and mortality rates in 2008 consecutive hepatectomy cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009; 122: 2268-2277 [PMID: 20079125]
14. Mathur AK, Ghaferi AA, Osborne NH, Pawlik TM, Campbell DA, Englesbe MJ, Welling TH. Body mass index and adverse perioperative outcomes following hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14: 1285-1291 [PMID: 20532666 DOI:10.1007/s11605-010-1232-9]
15. Sato M, Tateishi R, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Yoshida H, Matsuda S, Koike K. Mortality and morbidity of hepatectomy, radiofrequency ablation, and embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a national survey of 54,145 patients. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47: 1125-1133 [PMID: 22426637 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0569-0]
16. Dan RG, Creţu OM, Mazilu O, Sima LV, Iliescu D, Blidişel A, Tirziu R, Istodor A, Huţ EF. Postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver resection. Retrospective study on 133 patients. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2012; 107: 737-741 [PMID: 23294951]
17. Haga Y, Miyanari N, Takahashi T, Koike S, Kobayashi R, Mizusawa H, Nakamichi C, Goto M. Risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infections in adult hospitalized patientsmulticenter cohort study. Scand J Infect Dis 2013; 45: 773-779 [PMID: 23848411 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.80 7936]
18. O'Connor A, Hanly AM, Francis E, Keane N, McNamara DA. Catheter associated blood stream infections in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: a prospective study of 850 patients. J Clin Med Res 2013; 5: 18-21 [PMID: 23390471 DOI:10.4021/jocmr1032w]
19. Marik PE, Flemmer M, Harrison W. The risk of catheterrelated bloodstream infection with femoral venous catheters as compared to subclavian and internal jugular venous catheters: a systematic review of the literature and metaanalysis. Crit Care Med 2012; 40: 2479-2485 [PMID: 22809915 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318255d9bc]
20. Ahn SJ, Kim HC, Chung JW, An SB, Yin YH, Jae HJ, Park JH. Ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided placement of central venous ports via internal jugular vein: retrospective analysis of 1254 port implantations at a single center. Korean J Radiol 2012; 13: 314-323 [PMID: 22563269 DOI: 10.3348/ kjr.2012.13.3.314]
21. Newman N, Issa A, Greenberg D, Kapelushnik J, Cohen Z, Leibovitz E. Central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 410-414 [PMID: 22535579 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24135]
22. Vladov N, Lukanova Ts, Takorov I, Mutafchiyski V, Vasilevski I, Sergeev S, Odisseeva E. Single centre experience with surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2013; 108: 299-303 [PMID: 23790776]
23. Nobili C, Marzano E, Oussoultzoglou E, Rosso E, Addeo P, Bachellier P, Jaeck D, Pessaux P. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for pulmonary complications after hepatic resection. Ann Surg 2012; 255: 540-550 [PMID: 22330041 DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182485857]
24. Yang T, Zhang J, Lu JH, Yang GS, Wu MC, Yu WF. Risk factors influencing postoperative outcomes of major hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma for patients with underlying liver diseases. World J Surg 2011; 35: 2073-2082 [PMID: 21656309 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1161-0]
25. Tsujita E, Yamashita Y, Takeishi K, Matsuyama A, Tsutsui S, Matsuda H, Taketomi A, Shirabe K, Ishida T, Maehara Y. Subcuticular absorbable suture with subcutaneous drainage system prevents incisional SSI after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 2012; 36: 1651-1656 [PMID: 22411085 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1524-1]
26. Sadamori H, Yagi T, Shinoura S, Umeda Y, Yoshida R, Satoh D, Nobuoka D, Utsumi M, Yoshida K, Fujiwara T. Risk factors for organ/space surgical site infection after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in 359 recent cases. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2013; 20: 186-196 [PMID: 22273719 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-011-0503-5]
27. Harimoto N, Shirabe K, Abe T, Yukaya T, Tsujita E, Gion T, Kajiyama K, Nagaie T. Prospective randomized controlled trial investigating the type of sutures used during hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 2338-2342 [PMID: 21633600 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i18.2338]
28. Shiba H, Ishii Y, Ishida Y, Wakiyama S, Sakamoto T, Ito R, Gocho T, Uwagawa T, Hirohara S, Kita Y, Misawa T, Yanaga K. Assessment of blood-products use as predictor of pulmonary complications and surgical-site infection after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2009; 16: 69-74 [PMID: 19083147 DOI: 10.1007/ s00534-008-0006-1]
29. Hirokawa F, Hayashi M, Miyamoto Y, Asakuma M, Shimizu T, Komeda K, Inoue Y, Takeshita A, Shibayama Y, Uchiyama K. Surgical outcomes and clinical characteristics of elderly patients undergoing curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17: 1929-1937 [PMID: 24002762 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2324-0]
30. Garwood RA, Sawyer RG, Thompson L, Adams RB. Infectious complications after hepatic resection. Am Surg 2004; 70: 787-792 [PMID: 15481295]
31. Li GQ, Zhang F, Lu H, Lu L, Li XC, Wang XH, Sun BC. Drainage by urostomy bag after blockage of abdominal drain in patients with cirrhosis undergoing hepatectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12: 99-102 [PMID: 23392806 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1569-1]
32. Di Carlo I, Toro A. Correct indication for surgery can prevent postoperative ascites in cirrhotic patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 2012; 36: 1719-1720; author reply 1719-1720 [PMID: 22434234]
33. Chan KM, Lee CF, Wu TJ, Chou HS, Yu MC, Lee WC, Chen MF. Adverse outcomes in patients with postoperative ascites after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg 2012; 36: 392-400 [PMID: 22131090 DOI: 10.1007/ s00268-011-1367-1]
34. Chen LP, Li C, Wang C, Wen TF, Yan LN, Li B. Risk factors of ascites after hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 2012; 59: 292-295 [PMID: 21940357 DOI:10.5754/hge11399]
35. Wei M, Qian HG, Qiu H, Wu JH, Li YJ, Zhou GQ, Zhang J, Hao CY. A scoring system to predict ascites after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Zhonghua Wai Ke Zazhi 2010; 48: 1534-1538 [PMID: 21176665]
36. Xing X, Li H, Liu WG, Xia SS, Chen XP. Etiological factors for subphrenic infection after hepatectomy for patients with hepatic malignancy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2004; 3: 402-405 [PMID: 15313678]
37. Xing X, Wu ZD. The retrospective study on high risk factors of subphrenic infection after hepatectomy. J Tongji Med Univ 1995; 15: 158-161 [PMID: 8731945]
38. Benzoni E, Cojutti A, Lorenzin D, Adani GL, Baccarani U, Favero A, Zompicchiati A, Bresadola F, Uzzau A. Liver resective surgery: a multivariate analysis of postoperative outcome and complication. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2007; 392: 45-54 [PMID: 16983576 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-006-0084-y]
39. Benzoni E, Lorenzin D, Favero A, Adani G, Baccarani U, Molaro R, Zompicchiatti A, Saccomano E, Avellini C, Bresadola F, Uzzau A. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of factors associated with improved prognosis. The role of clinical, pathological and surgical related factors. Tumori 2007; 93: 264-268 [PMID: 17679461]
40. Nyckowski P, Krawczyk M, Zieniewicz K, Najnigier B, Fraczek M, Kacka A, Karwowski A. Analysis of morbidity risk in patients after liver resection. Wiad Lek 1997; 50 Pt 2: 277-280 [PMID: 9424887]
41. Shimada M, Matsumata T, Akazawa K, Kamakura T, Itasaka H, Sugimachi K, Nose Y. Estimation of risk of major complications after hepatic resection. Am J Surg 1994; 167: 399-403 [PMID: 8179084 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(94)90124-4]
42. Frilling A, Stavrou GA, Mischinger HJ, de Hemptinne B, Rokkjaer M, Klempnauer J, Thörne A, Gloor B, Beckebaum S, Ghaffar MF, Broelsch CE. Effectiveness of a new carrierbound fibrin sealant versus argon beamer as haemostatic agent during liver resection: a randomised prospective trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005; 390: 114-120 [PMID: 15723234 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-005-0543-x]
43. Yang T, Li L, Zhong Q, Lau WY, Zhang H, Huang X, Yu WF, Shen F, Li JW, Wu MC. Risk factors of hospital mortality after re-laparotomy for post-hepatectomy hemorrhage. World J Surg 2013; 37: 2394-2401 [PMID: 23811794 DOI:10.1007/s00268-013-2147-x]
44. Yuan FS, Ng SY, Ho KY, Lee SY, Chung AY, Poopalalingam R. Abnormal coagulation profile after hepatic resection: the effect of chronic hepatic disease and implications for epidural analgesia. J Clin Anesth 2012; 24: 398-403 [PMID: 22626687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.11.005]
45. Lau AW, Chen CC, Wu RS, Poon KS. Hypothermia as a cause of coagulopathy during hepatectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan 2010; 48: 103-106 [PMID: 20643371 DOI: 10.1016/ S1875-4597(10)60023-9]
46. Silva MA, Muralidharan V, Mirza DF. The management of coagulopathy and blood loss in liver surgery. Semin Hematol 2004; 41: 132-139 [PMID: 14872434 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhem atol.2003.11.022]
47. Siniscalchi A, Begliomini B, De Pietri L, Braglia V, Gazzi M, Masetti M, Di Benedetto F, Pinna AD, Miller CM, Pasetto A. Increased prothrombin time and platelet counts in living donor right hepatectomy: implications for epidural anesthesia. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 1144-1149 [PMID: 15350005 DOI:10.1002/lt.20235]
48. Sabate A, Dalmau A, Koo M, Aparicio I, Costa M, Contreras L. Coagulopathy management in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 44: 1523-1525 [PMID: 22841202 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.05.004]
49. Karakoc D, Hamaloglu E, Ozdemir A, Dogrul A, Ozenc A. The effect of hepatectomy on coagulation: an evaluation by thromboelastography. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22: 43-48 [PMID: 19773665 DOI: 10.1097/ MEG.0b013e32832f5bd1]
50. Marietta M, Facchini L, Pedrazzi P, Busani S, Torelli G. Pathophysiology of bleeding in surgery. Transplant Proc 2006; 38: 812-814 [PMID: 16647479 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproc eed.2006.01.047]
51. Yoshida H, Onda M, Tajiri T, Itoh S, Uchida E, Arima Y, Mamada Y, Taniai N, Yamashita K, Kumazaki T. Colonic varices ruptured via drainage catheter after extended right hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 2000; 47: 718-719 [PMID: 10919017]
52. Herszényi L, Mihály E, Tulassay Z. Somatostatin and gastrointestinal tract. Clinical experiences. Orv Hetil 2013; 154: 1535-1540 [PMID: 24058098 DOI: 10.1556/OH.2013.29721]
53. Branicki FJ, Coleman SY, Pritchett CJ, Cheung WL, Tuen H, Fok PJ, Fan ST, Lai EC, Lau PW, Mok FP. Emergency surgical treatment for nonvariceal bleeding of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 172: 113-120 [PMID: 1989114]
54. Krause U. Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 8. Surgical treatment of massive hemorrhage from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Lakartidningen 1972; 69: 4960-4964 [PMID: 4564307]
55. Peng Z, Yan S, Zhou X, Xu Z. Hepatic artery angiography and embolization for hemobilia after hepatobiliary surgery. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114: 803-806 [PMID: 11780354]
56. Bo JG, Yang XP. Precise orientation and hepatectomy in the management of biliary tract hemorrhage. Zhonghua Yi Xue Zazhi 2009; 89: 1408-1410 [PMID: 19671336]
57. Miura F, Asano T, Amano H, Yoshida M, Toyota N, Wada K, Kato K, Yamazaki E, Kadowaki S, Shibuya M, Maeno S, Furui S, Takeshita K, Kotake Y, Takada T. Management of postoperative arterial hemorrhage after pancreato-biliary surgery according to the site of bleeding: re-laparotomy or interventional radiology. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2009; 16: 56-63 [PMID: 19110653 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-008-0012-3]
58. Xu ZB, Zhou XY, Peng ZY, Xu SL, Ruan LX. Evaluation of selective hepatic angiography and embolization in patients with massive hemobilia. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2005; 4: 254-258 [PMID: 15908325]
59. Bloechle C, Izbicki JR, Rashed MY, el-Sefi T, Hosch SB, Knoefel WT, Rogiers X, Broelsch CE. Hemobilia: presentation, diagnosis, and management. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 1537-1540 [PMID: 8079933]
60. Lee CC, Chau GY, Lui WY, Tsay SH, King KL, Loong CC, Hsia CY, Wu CW. Risk factors associated with bile leakage after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2005; 52: 1168-1171 [PMID: 16001654]
61. Sadamori H, Yagi T, Matsuda H, Shinoura S, Umeda Y, Yoshida R, Satoh D, Utsumi T, Ohnishi T. Risk factors for major morbidity after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in 293 recent cases. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2010; 17: 709-718 [PMID: 20703850 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-010-0275-3]
62. Bhattacharjya S, Puleston J, Davidson BR, Dooley JS. Outcome of early endoscopic biliary drainage in the management of bile leaks after hepatic resection. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57: 526-530 [PMID: 12665763 DOI: 10.1067/ mge.2003.148]
63. Yamashita Y, Hamatsu T, Rikimaru T, Tanaka S, Shirabe K, Shimada M, Sugimachi K. Bile leakage after hepatic resection. Ann Surg 2001; 233: 45-50 [PMID: 11141224 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200101000-00008]
64. Yoshioka R, Saiura A, Koga R, Seki M, Kishi Y, Yamamoto J. Predictive factors for bile leakage after hepatectomy: analysis of 505 consecutive patients. World J Surg 2011; 35: 1898-1903 [PMID: 21519973 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1114-7]
65. Sadamori H, Yagi T, Matsuda H, Shinoura S, Umeda Y, Fujiwara T. Intractable bile leakage after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in 359 recent cases. Dig Surg 2012; 29: 149-156 [PMID: 22555445 DOI: 10.1159/000337313]
66. Hotta T, Kobayashi Y, Taniguchi K, Johata K, Sahara M, Naka T, Maeda T, Tanimura H. Postoperative evaluation of C-tube drainage after hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 2003; 50: 485-490 [PMID: 12749253]
67. Fujimura M, Hirano M, Sato I, Kinoshita T, Yamamoto I, Nishimura K, Takahara H, Yamamoto A. The C tube in biliary surgery--its development and clinical application. Nihon Geka Hokan 2000; 68: 85-122 [PMID: 11246991]
68. Kawaguchi Y, Ishizawa T, Masuda K, Sato S, Kaneko J, Aoki T, Beck Y, Sugawara Y, Hasegawa K, Kokudo N. Hepatobiliary surgery guided by a novel fluorescent imaging technique for visualizing hepatic arteries, bile ducts, and liver cancers on color images. J Am Coll Surg 2011; 212: e33-e39 [PMID: 21450495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.03.006]
69. Kaibori M, Ishizaki M, Matsui K, Kwon AH. Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescent imaging for prevention of bile leakage after hepatic resection. Surgery 2011; 150: 91-98 [PMID: 21514613 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2011.02.011]
70. Sakaguchi T, Suzuki A, Unno N, Morita Y, Oishi K, Fukumoto K, Inaba K, Suzuki M, Tanaka H, Sagara D, Suzuki S, Nakamura S, Konno H. Bile leak test by indocyanine green fluorescence images after hepatectomy. Am J Surg 2010; 200: e19-e23 [PMID: 20637329 DOI: 10.1016/ j.amjsurg.2009.10.015]
71. Li SQ, Liang LJ, Peng BG, Lu MD, Lai JM, Li DM. Bile leakage after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis: risk factors and management. Surgery 2007; 141: 340-345 [PMID: 17349845]
72. Sugiyama M, Izumisato Y, Abe N, Yamaguchi Y, Yamato T, Masaki T, Mori T, Atomi Y. Endoscopic biliary stenting for treatment of bile leakage after hepatic resection. Hepatogastroenterology 2001; 48: 1579-1581 [PMID: 11813577]
73. Resnick L, Herbst JS, Raab-Traub N. Oral hairy leukoplakia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 1278-1282 [PMID: 2163409]
74. Ribeiro HS, Costa WL, Diniz AL, Godoy AL, Herman P, Coudry RA, Begnami MD, Mello CA, Silva MJ, Zurstrassen CE, Coimbra FJ. Extended preoperative chemotherapy, extent of liver resection and blood transfusion are predictive factors of liver failure following resection of colorectal liver metastasis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013; 39: 380-385 [PMID: 23351680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.12.020]
75. Filicori F, Keutgen XM, Zanello M, Ercolani G, Di Saverio S, Sacchetti F, Pinna AD, Grazi GL. Prognostic criteria for postoperative mortality in 170 patients undergoing major right hepatectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11: 507-512 [PMID: 23060396 DOI: 10.1016/S1499-3872(12)60215-X]
76. Kamiyama T, Nakanishi K, Yokoo H, Kamachi H, Tahara M, Kakisaka T, Tsuruga Y, Todo S, Taketomi A. Analysis of the risk factors for early death due to disease recurrence or progression within 1 year after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10: 107 [PMID: 22697061 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-107]
77. Ren Z, Xu Y, Zhu S. Indocyanine green retention test avoiding liver failure after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis. Hepatogastroenterology 2012; 59: 782-784 [PMID: 22020904]
78. van den Broek MA, Olde Damink SW, Dejong CH, Lang H, Malagó M, Jalan R, Saner FH. Liver failure after partial hepatic resection: definition, pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment. Liver Int 2008; 28: 767-780 [PMID: 18647141 DOI:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01777.x]
79. Hammond JS, Guha IN, Beckingham IJ, Lobo DN. Prediction, prevention and management of postresection liver failure. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 1188-1200 [PMID: 21725970 DOI:10.1002/bjs.7630]
80. Fábrega E, Mieses MÁ, Terán A, Moraleja I, Casafont F, Crespo J, Pons-Romero F. Etiologies and outcomes of acute liver failure in a spanish community. Int J Hepatol 2013; 2013: 928960 [PMID: 24024035 DOI: 10.1155/2013/928960]
81. Lin KH, Liu JW, Chen CL, Wang SH, Lin CC, Liu YW, Yong CC, Lin TL, Li WF, Hu TH, Wang CC. Impacts of pretransplant infections on clinical outcomes of patients with acuteon-chronic liver failure who received living-donor liver transplantation. PLoS One 2013; 8: e72893 [PMID: 24023787DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072893]
82. Mejzlík V, Husová L, Kuman M, Stěpánková S, Ondrášek J, Němec P. Liver transplant outcomes in Brno. Vnitr Lek 2013; 59: 663-667 [PMID: 24007219]
83. Fink DL, Bloch E. Liver transplantation for acute liver failure due to efavirenz hepatotoxicity: the importance of routine monitoring. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24: 831-833 [PMID: 23970595 DOI: 10.1177/0956462413483720]
84. Oh SH, Kim KM, Kim DY, Kim Y, Song SM, Lee YJ, Park SJ, Yoon CH, Ko GY, Sung KB, Hwang GS, Choi KT, Yu E, Song GW, Ha TY, Moon DB, Ahn CS, Kim KH, Hwang S, Park KM, Lee YJ, Lee SG. Improved Outcomes in Liver Transplantation in Children with Acute Liver Failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; Epub ahead of print [PMID: 23942007 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182a80362]
85. Patrono D, Brunati A, Romagnoli R, Salizzoni M. Liver transplantation after severe hepatic trauma: a sustainable practice. A single-center experience and review of the literature. Clin Transplant 2013; 27: E528-E537 [PMID: 23923975 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12192]
86. Ezzat TM, Dhar DK, Newsome PN, Malagó M, Olde Damink SW. Use of hepatocyte and stem cells for treatment of post-resectional liver failure: are we there yet? Liver Int 2011; 31: 773-784 [PMID: 21645208 DOI: 10.1111/ j.1478-3231.2011.02530.x]
87. Farid H, O'Connell T. Hepatic resections: changing mortality and morbidity. Am Surg 1994; 60: 748-752 [PMID: 7944036]
88. Qian NS, Liao YH, Cai SW, Raut V, Dong JH. Comprehensive application of modern technologies in precise liver resection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12: 244-250 [PMID: 23742768 DOI: 10.1016/S1499-3872(13)60040-5]
89. Takatsuki M, Eguchi S, Yamanouchi K, Tokai H, Hidaka M, Soyama A, Miyazaki K, Hamasaki K, Tajima Y, Kanematsu T. Two-surgeon technique using saline-linked electric cautery and ultrasonic surgical aspirator in living donor hepatectomy: its safety and efficacy. Am J Surg 2009; 197: e25-e27 [PMID: 18639230 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.01.019]
90. Percivale A, Griseri G, Gastaldo A, Benasso M, Pellicci R. Microwave assisted liver resection: clinical feasibility study and preliminary results. Minerva Chir 2012; 67: 415-420 [PMID: 23232479]
91. Imura S, Shimada M, Utsunomiya T, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Mori H, Hanaoka J, Iwahashi S, Saito Y, Miyake H. Ultrasound-guided microwave coagulation assists anatomical hepatic resection. Surg Today 2012; 42: 35-40 [PMID: 22075665 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-011-0006-7]
92. Christian DJ, Khithani A, Jeyarajah DR. Making liver transection even safer: a novel use of microwave technology. Am Surg 2011; 77: 417-421 [PMID: 21679548]
93. Strasberg SM, Drebin JA, Linehan D. Use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device for parenchymal transection during liver surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 2002; 6: 569-574 [PMID: 12127123 DOI: 10.1016/S1091-255X(02)00030-6]
94. Smyrniotis V, Kostopanagiotou G, Theodoraki K, Tsantoulas D, Contis JC. The role of central venous pressure and type of vascular control in blood loss during major liver resections. Am J Surg 2004; 187: 398-402 [PMID: 15006570 DOI:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.12.001]
95. Wang WD, Liang LJ, Huang XQ, Yin XY. Low central venous pressure reduces blood loss in hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 935-939 [PMID: 16521223]
96. Jawan B, Cheng YF, Tseng CC, Chen YS, Wang CC, Huang TL, Eng HL, Liu PP, Chiu KW, Wang SH, Lin CC, Lin TS, Liu YW, Chen CL. Effect of autologous blood donation on the central venous pressure, blood loss and blood transfusion during living donor left hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 4233-4236 [PMID: 16015696]
97. Pringle JH. V. Notes on the Arrest of Hepatic Hemorrhage Due to Trauma. Ann Surg 1908; 48: 541-549 [PMID: 17862242 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-190810000-00005]
98. Jin S, Dai CL. Hepatic blood inflow occlusion without hemihepatic artery control in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 5895-5900 [PMID: 21155013 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i46.5895]
99. Liu DL, Jeppsson B, Hakansson CH, Odselius R. Multiplesystem organ damage resulting from prolonged hepatic inflow interruption. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 442-447 [PMID: 8615734 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1996.01430160100022]
100. Castaing D, Garden OJ, Bismuth H. Segmental liver resection using ultrasound-guided selective portal venous occlusion. Ann Surg 1989; 210: 20-23 [PMID: 2662923 DOI:10.1097/00000658-198907000-00003]
101. Huguet C, Nordlinger B, Bloch P, Conard J. Tolerance of the human liver to prolonged normothermic ischemia. A biological study of 20 patients submitted to extensive hepatectomy. Arch Surg 1978; 113: 1448-1451 [PMID: 736777 DOI:10.1001/archsurg.1978.01370240070012]
102. Jin S, Dai CL. Attenuation of reperfusion-induced hepatocyte apoptosis is associated with reversed bcl-2/bax ratio in hemi-hepatic artery-preserved portal occlusion. J Surg Res 2012; 174: 298-304 [PMID: 21324399 DOI: 10.1016/ j.jss.2010.12.030]
103. Jin S, Dai C, Yang Y, Zhang R, Sileng A. Effect of hepatic blood inflow occlusion without hemihepatic artery control on apoptosis of liver cells in rats. Hepatogastroenterology 2010; 57: 35-40 [PMID: 20422868]
104. Rahbari NN, Garden OJ, Padbury R, Brooke-Smith M, Crawford M, Adam R, Koch M, Makuuchi M, Dematteo RP, Christophi C, Banting S, Usatoff V, Nagino M, Maddern G, Hugh TJ, Vauthey JN, Greig P, Rees M, Yokoyama Y, Fan ST, Nimura Y, Figueras J, Capussotti L, Büchler MW, Weitz J. Posthepatectomy liver failure: a definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Surgery 2011; 149: 713-724 [PMID: 21236455 DOI: 10.1016/ j.surg.2010.10.001]