Emotional abuse and psychosis: A recent review of the literature

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma

Volumn 22, Issue 9, 2013, Pages 1032-1049

  Ackner, Susannah ^a   Skeate, Amanda ^b   Patterson, Paul ^b   Neal, Adrian ^c  

^a Clinical Psychology Department   (United Kingdom)

^b BIRMINGHAM AND SOLIHULL MENTAL HEALTH NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c University of Warwick and Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

child maltreatment; psychotic experiences; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDITORY HALLUCINATION; CANNABIS SMOKING; CHILD ABUSE; CHILD NEGLECT; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CHILDHOOD INJURY; CHILDHOOD TRAUMA QUESTIONNAIRE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DELUSION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISSOCIATIVE EXPERIENCES SCALE; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; HUMAN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; NEGATIVE SYNDROME; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; PERSECUTORY DELUSION; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PHYSICAL ABUSE; POSITIVE SYNDROME; PSYCHOSIS; PSYCHOTRAUMA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SELF CONCEPT; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 84888598573     PISSN: 10926771     EISSN: 1545083X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2013.837132     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Andreasen, N. C. (1983a). The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.
2. Andreasen, N. C. (1983b). The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.
3. Arata, C. M., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Bowers, D., & O'Brien, N. (2007). Differential correlates of multi-type maltreatment among urban youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 393-415. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.09.006
4. Ashcroft, K., Kingdon, D. G., & Chadwick, P. (2012). Persecutory delusions and childhood emotional abuse in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Psychosis, 4, 168-171. doi:10.1080/17522439.2011.619012
5. Bak, M., Krabbendam, L., Janssen, I., de Graaf, R., Volleburgh, W., & van Os, J. (2005). Early trauma may increase the risk for psychotic experiences by impacting on emotional response and perception of control. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112, 360-366. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00646.x
6. Bebbington, P., Brugha, D., Brugha, T., & Garety, T. (2004). Psychosis, victimization and childhood disadvantage: Evidence from the second British national survey of psychiatric morbidity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 220-226. doi:10.1192/bjp.185.3.220
7. Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
8. Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self-report. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
9. Bonoldi, I., Ercole, S., Rocchetti, M., Codjoe, L., Rossi, G., Gambi, F., . . . Fusar- Poli, F. (2013). Prevalence of self-reported childhood abuse in psychosis: A meta-analysis of retrospective studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin. Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.003
10. Bremner, J. D., Vermetten, E., & Mazure C. M. (2000). Development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument for the measurement of childhood trauma: The early trauma inventory. Depression and Anxiety, 12(1), 1-12. doi:10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:1<1:: AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-W
11. Briere, J., Godbout, N., & Runtz, M. (2012). The psychological treatment review (PMR): Initial reliability and association with insecure attachment in adults. Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma, 21, 300-320. doi:10.1080/10926771.2012.659801
12. Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6(1), 16-27.
13. Cawson, P., Wattam, C., Brooker, S., & Kelly, G. (2000). Child maltreatment in the United Kingdom: A study of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect. London, England: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
14. Compton, M. T., Furman, A. C., & Kaslow, N. J. (2004). Preliminary evidence of an association between childhood abuse and cannabis dependence among African-American first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76, 311-316. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.05.005
15. Daalman, K., Diederen, K. M. J., Derks, E. M., van Lutterveld, R., Khan, R. S., & Sommer, I. E. C. (2012). Childhood trauma and auditory verbal hallucinations. Psychological Medicine, 42, 2475-2484. doi:10.1017/ S0033291712000761
16. Department of Health, Home Office, & the Department for Education and Employment. (1999). Working together to safeguard children: A guide to interagency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London, England: The Stationery Office.
17. Derogatis, L. R. (1994). Symptom Checklist 90-Revised: Administration, scoring and procedures manual (3rd ed.). Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
18. Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., & Bebbington, P. (2001). A cognitive model of symptoms of psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 31, 189-195. doi:10.1017/S0033291701003312
19. Gibb, B. E., Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. (2007). Childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuse and diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders in adult psychiatric outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 256-263. doi:10.1002/da.20238
20. Gil, A., Gama, C. S., Rocha de Jesus, D., Laboto, M. I., Zimmer, M., & Belmonte de Abreu, P. (2009). The association of child abuse and neglect with adult disability in schizophrenia and the prominent role of physical neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 618-624. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.02. 006
21. Glaser, G. (2002). Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): A conceptual framework. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 697-714. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00342-3
22. Gumley, A. I., & Schwannauer, M. (2006). Staying well after psychosis: A cognitive interpersonal approach to recovery and relapse prevention. Chichester, England: Wiley.
23. Herman, J. L., & van der Kolk, B. (1987). Traumatic antecedents of borderline personality disorder. In B. van der Kolk (Ed.), Psychological trauma (pp. 111-126). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.
24. Holowka, D. W., King, S., Saheb, D., Pukall, M., & Brunet, A. (2003). Childhood abuse and dissociative symptoms in adult schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 60(1), 87-90. doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00296-7
25. Janssen, I., Krabbendam, L., Bak, M., Hanssen, M., Vollebergh, W., de Graaf, R., & van Os, J. (2004). Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 38-45. doi:10.1046/j.0001-690X. 2003.00217.x
26. Larkin, W., & Read, J. (2008). Childhood trauma: Evidence pathways and implications. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 54, 287-293. Retrieved from http://www.jpgmonline.com
27. Launay, G., & Slade, P. D. (1981). The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 221-234. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(81)90027-1
28. Lee, D. A., Scragg, P., & Turner, S. (2001). The role of shame and guilt in traumatic events: A clinical model of shame based and guilt based PTSD. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74, 451-466. doi:10.1348/000711201161109
29. McGlashan, T. H., Miller, T. J., Woods, S. W., Rosen, J. L., Hoffman, R. E., & Davidson, L. (2001). Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (Version 3.0). New Haven, CT: PRIME Research Clinic, Yale School of Medicine.
30. Morrison, A. P. (2001). The interpretation of intrusions in psychosis: An integrative cognitive approach to hallucinations and delusions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 257-276. doi:10.1017/S1352465801003010
31. Morrison, A. P., French, P., Lewis, S. W., Roberts, M., Raja, S., Neil, S. T., . . . Bentall, R. P. (2006). Psychological factors in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: Comparisons with non-patients and associations with symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1395-1404. doi:10.1017/ S0033291706007768
32. Morrison, A. P., & Petersen, T. (2003). Trauma, metacogniton and predisposition to hallucinations in non-patients. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 235-246. doi:10.1017/S1352465803003011
33. O'Dougherty-Wright, M. (2007). The long term impact of emotional abuse in childhood: Identifying mediating and moderating processes. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7(2), 1-8. doi:10.1300/J135v07n02-01
34. O'Dougherty-Wright, M., Crawford, E., & Del Castillo, D. (2009). Child emotional maltreatment and later psychological distress among college students: The mediating role of maladaptive schemas. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 59-68. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.007
35. Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799-812. doi:10.2466/PR0.10.3.799-812
36. Read, J., Fink, P., Rudegeair, T., Felitti, V., & Whitfield, C. L. (2008). Child maltreatment and psychosis: A return to a genuinely integrated biopsycho-social model. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, 2, 235-254. doi:10.3371/CSRP.2.3.5
37. Read, J., Hammersley, P., & Rudegeair, T. (2007). Why, when and how to ask about abuse. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 13(2), 101-110. doi:10.1192/apt.bp.106.002840
38. Read, J., Perry, B. D., Moskowitz, A., & Connolly, J. (2001). The contribution of early traumatic events to schizophrenia in some patients: A traumagenic neurodevelopmental model. Psychiatry, 64, 319-345. doi:10.1521/psyc.64.4.319.18602
39. Read, J., van Os, J., Morrison, A. P., & Ross, C. A. (2005). Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: A literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112, 330-350. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x
40. Riggs, S. (2010). Childhood emotional abuse and attachment across the life cycle. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19, 5-51. doi:10.1080/10926770903475968
41. Roy, A. (2005). Reported childhood trauma and suicide attempts in schizophrenic patients. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 35, 690-693. doi:10.1521/suli.2005.35.6.690
42. Rubino, I. A., Nanni, R. C., Pozzi, D. M., & Siracusano, A. (2009). Early adverse experiences in schizophrenia and unipolar depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197(1), 65-68. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181925342
43. Saleptsi, E., Bichescu, D., Rochstroh, B., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Studer, K., . . . Elbert, T. (2004). Negative and positive childhood experiences across developmental periods in psychiatric patients with different diagnoses - An explorative study. BioMedCentral Psychiatry, 4(40), 1-14. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-4-40
44. Sar, V., Tutkun, H., Yargic, I., & Kundakci, T. (1999). Confirmation of child sexual abuse in chronic complex dissociative disorder. Ege Psychiatry Periodicals, 4, 95-108.
45. Schafer, I., Harfst, T., Aderhold, V., Briken, P., Lehmann, M., Moritz, S., . . . Naber, D. (2006). Childhood trauma and dissociation in female patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: An exploratory study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(2), 135-138. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000198199.57512.84
46. Scott, J., Chant, D., Andrews, G., Martin, G., & McGrath, J. (2007). Association between trauma exposure and delusional experiences in a large community sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 339-343. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026708
47. Shelvin, M., Houston, J. E., Dorahy, M. G., & Adamson, G. (2008). Cumulative traumas and psychosis: An analysis of the national comorbidity survey and the British psychiatric morbidity survey. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 193-199. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt032
48. Spataro, J., Mullen, P. E., Burgess, P. M., Wells, D. L., & Moss, S. A. (2004). Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health: A prospective study in males and females. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 416-421.
49. Spauwen, J., Krabbendam, L., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H., & van Os, J. (2006). Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: Relationship with psychosis proneness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 527-533. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.011346
50. Spence, W., Mulholland, C., Lynch, G., McHugh, S., Dempster, M., & Shannon, C. (2006). Rates of childhood trauma in a sample of patients with schizophrenia as compared with a sample of patients with non-psychotic psychiatric diagnoses. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 7(3), 7-22. doi:10.1300/J229v07n03-02
51. Straus, M. A. (1992). Manual for the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire. doi:10.1177/019251396017003001
52. Straus, M. A. (2007). Conflict Tactics Scale. In N. A. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of domestic violence (pp. 190-197). New York, NY: Routledge.
53. Thompson, J. L., Kelly, M., Kimhy, D., Harkavy-Friedman, J. M., Khan, S., Messinger, J. W., . . . Corcoran, C. (2009). Childhood trauma and prodromal symptoms among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 108, 176-181. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.005
54. Ucok, A., & Bikmaz, S. (2007). The effects of childhood trauma in patients with first episode of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116, 371-377. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01079.x
55. Varese, F., Smeets, F., Drukker, M., Lieverse, R., Lataster, T., Viechtbauer, W., . . . Bentall, R. (2012). Childhood adversities increase risk of the risk of psychosis: A meta analysis of patient-control, prospective and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38, 661-671. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs050
56. Vogel, M., Spitzer, C., Kuwert, P., Moller, B., Freyburger, H. J., & Grabe, H. J. (2009). Association of childhood neglect with adult dissociation in schizophrenia. Psychopathology, 42, 124-130. doi:10.1159/000204763
57. Whitfield, C. L., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2005). Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 797-810. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.005
58. Wiles, N. J., Zammit, S., Bebbington, P., Singleton, N., Meltzer, H., & Lewis, G. (2006). Self-reported psychotic symptoms in the general population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 519-526. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105. 012179